Kogin Kafue

Kogin Kafue
General information
Tsawo	1,577 km
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	11°37′32″S 27°11′19″E
Kasa	Zambiya
Hydrography (en)
Tributary (en)	duba Luswishi (en) Lufupa (en) Lunga (en) Q123059191
Watershed area (en)	154,829 km²
Ruwan ruwa	Yankin Zambezi
River mouth (en)	Kogin Zambezi

1,576 kilometres (979 mi) dogon Kogin Kafue shine kogi mafi tsayi da ke cikin Zambia gaba ɗaya. Ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa . Ita ce babbar magudanar ruwa ta Zambezi, kuma daga cikin manyan kogunan Zambia, ita ce mafi tsakiya kuma mafi birni . Fiye da kashi 50% na al'ummar Zambia suna zaune a Kogin Kafue kuma daga cikin waɗannan kusan kashi 65% na birane ne.

Yana da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa na 320 cubic metres per second (11,000 cu ft/s) ta cikin rabin ƙasansa, tare da manyan bambance-bambancen yanayi. Kogin yana fitar da ruwa 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) kowace shekara zuwa Kogin Zambezi .

Kwas ɗin

Majiyoyi

Kogin Kafue yana hawa sama da tsayin 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) a kan tudun da ke kan tudun da ke kudu da kan iyaka tsakanin Zambia da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo 120 kilometres (75 mi) arewa maso yamma da Chingola a lardin Copperbelt . Tushen kogin Kafue yana cikin lardin Arewa maso Yamma na Zambia. Yankin shine dajin Miombo a kan ruwan Congo-Zambezi, tare da rassan dambos da yawa da ke kwance 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft) ƙasa da ƙasa mafi tsayi, yana samar da yanayin ƙasa mai laushi a hankali. Kogin yana farawa kamar ƙara daga dambos masu dausayi (Ruwan Munyanshi magudanar ruwa ce) kuma tare da ƙaramin gangara don hanzarta kwararar kogi, yana tafiya kudu maso gabas a hankali kuma cikin 50 kilometres (31 mi) yana da yanayin kogi mai girma. Yankin yana karɓar kimanin 1,200 millimetres (47 in) sama a lokacin damina, kuma mashigar kogin nan ba da jimawa ba ta kai 100 metres (330 ft) faɗinsa tare da ambaliyar ruwa ta ruwa mai 1 to 2 kilometres (0.62 to 1.24 mi) faɗi.

Belin jan ƙarfe

Kafin kogin ya isa garuruwan Copperbelt, duk da haka, ya rasa fadin ambaliyar ruwansa, magudanar ruwan ta ragu zuwa 30-40 m kuma yana raguwa kaɗan, a cikin wani ƙaramin kwari 40 kawai ƙasa da tudun da ke kewaye da shi. Yana gudana kusa da garuruwan Copperbelt na Chililabombwe, Chingola da Mufulira, da kuma gefen Kitwe . Shahararren wurin shakatawa na Hippo Pool a arewacin Chingola an kare shi a matsayin abin tarihi na ƙasa .

A cikin Copperbelt, ana ɗaukar ruwa daga kogin don ba da ruwa ga ƙananan gonaki da lambunan kasuwa . A Kitwe yana canza hanya zuwa kudu maso yamma kuma yana gudana ta cikin dazuzzuka da wuraren duwatsu masu faɗi waɗanda ambaliyar ruwa ke mamaye su a lokacin damina, yana kiyayewa zuwa magudanar ruwa kimanin digiri 50. faɗin mita a lokacin rani.

Fadamar Lukanga

Kogin ya sake samar da hanyoyin ruwa masu rikitarwa da kuma hanyoyin ruwa masu yawa a cikin wani wuri mai dausayi mai cike da ruwa, tare da tafkuna da tafkuna na oxbow . Yana gudana 20. kilomita yamma da yankin dindindin na Lukanga Flood wanda ke cike da wani yanki mai zagaye, wanda ke malalowa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa zuwa Kafue. Yankin da ke tsakanin fadama da kogi yana da ambaliya kuma idan aka yi ambaliyar ruwa a wannan yankin da kewaye a lokacin damina, to, yankin dausayi ya wuce 6,000 km ^2. Wannan shine na farko daga cikin manyan yankunan namun daji guda uku na kogin, kuma shine mafi ƙarancin bincike da kariya.

Filin Shakatawa na Kasa na Kafue

Halin kogin ya sake canzawa, yayin da yake samar da wata hanyar ruwa mai ƙarancin lokacin rani tare da gaɓar yashi da tsibirai. Ta ci gaba da kudu maso yamma, tana shiga Kafue National Park, wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na biyu mafi girma a Afirka, inda take karɓar manyan rafuka biyu mafi girma, kogunan Lunga da Lufupa, suma daga arewa. Kafue tana ratsa gefen kudu maso gabas na Busanga Plain, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren namun daji na Afirka, wanda aka san shi da manyan garken cape buffalo, zebra da barewa . A lokacin damina, Lufupa tana mamaye filayen.

Gap na Itezhi-Tezhi

Kamar kogunan Zambezi na sama, Okavango da Cuando, Kafue ta kan kwarara zuwa kudu har zuwa Tafkin Makgadikgadi sannan ta wuce zuwa Kogin Limpopo, amma ƙasar da ke wannan yanki ta ɗaga . Kwarin da ke ratsawa ya fito gabas da inda Kafue National Park yake a yanzu, kuma kogin Kafue ya lalata wata magudanar ruwa da ake kira Itezhi-Tezhi Gap ta cikin tuddai kimanin tsayin mita 100. tsayin mita, yana gudana zuwa gabas. An gina madatsar ruwan Itezhi-Tezhi a shekarar 1977 a wurin da aka yi ramin kuma yanzu haka tana samar da madatsar ruwa mai lamba 50 tsawon kilomita kuma har zuwa 10 faɗin kilomita.

Kafue Flats

Gaba gabas, kogin yana gudana a hankali a kan wani fili mai faɗi da ake kira Kafue Flats (wanda a da ake kira Butwa bayan mutanen Twa ) kuma a karo na uku yana samar da wurare masu rikitarwa a cikin tafkuna masu faɗi da tafkuna. Amma a wannan karon yana da babban fili mai zurfi wanda babu hanyoyi ko layin dogo da ke ratsawa, 240 kilometres (150 mi) tsayi kuma kusan 50 kilometres (31 mi) faɗi, ambaliyar ruwa ta kai zurfin ƙasa da mita ɗaya a lokacin damina (zurfi a wasu tafkuna da wuraren dausayi na dindindin), kuma ta bushe zuwa ƙasa mai launin toka a lokacin rani. Filayen Kafue sune yanki na uku mafi girma na namun daji na kogin. Dubban Kafue Lechwe suna zaune a kan Filayen Kafue kuma sun dace da yin iyo a wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa. Wannan yanki kuma yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawansu a duniya. An kafa wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa na Lochinvar da Blue Lagoon a kan filaye.

A kusa da Mazabuka yayin da kogin ke kusa da garin Kafue, an kafa gonakin sukari da sauran manyan gonakin noma a kan ƙasa mai albarka kuma ana amfani da ruwan kogin a lokacin rani.

Kwarin Kafue da Dam

Alamar Victoria Falls National Park

Filin Kafue ya ƙare a garin Kafue kuma daga nan, yayin da kwarin rift ke ƙara zurfi, kogin ya faɗi 550 metres (1,800 ft) sama da 60 kilometres (37 mi) ta cikin Kwarin Kafue . Madatsar ruwa ta biyu, Madatsar Ruwa ta Kafue, wacce ke da ƙaramin ma'ajiyar ruwa, tana samar da wutar lantarki. Ƙasan Zambezi (asali wani kogi ne daban) ta ratsa kwaruruka masu ramuka kuma daga ƙarshe ta kama Kafue. Haɗuwarsu tana da kimanin 20 kilometres (12 mi) arewacin Chirundu .

Gadoji

Layin Jirgin Kasa

Duba Gadar Jirgin Kasa ta Kafue don cikakken bayani. An buɗe ta a shekarar 1906 don haɗa Kafue da Mazabuka kuma da farko an yi niyyar zama wani ɓangare na Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Cape zuwa Cairo .

Hanya

An gina gadar hanya ta farko da ta ratsa Kafue a fadin Thames a Landan a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Bayan yaƙin, an wargaza ta aka kuma girka ta kimanin guda 9. kilomita daga ƙasa daga gadar jirgin ƙasa. A da, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta kan ratsa kogin ta hanyar pontoon.

Hanyar T3 ta ratsa kogin tsakanin Chililabombwe da Chingola da kuma birnin Kitwe, dukkansu a lardin Copperbelt . Hanyar T2 ( Ta hanyar Cape zuwa Cairo ) ta ratsa kogin 10 kilomita kudu da tsakiyar garin Kafue . Hanyar Lusaka-Mongu ta ratsa kogin a gadar Kafue Hook a wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Kafue .

Matsalolin muhalli

Gurɓatawa

Yayin da yake ratsawa ta Copperbelt, Kogin Kafue yana cikin haɗarin gurɓatawa, ba kawai daga sharar birni ba har ma daga ma'adinan jan ƙarfe . Yankunan da ke da dausayi a yammacin Lukanga Fallamp suna taimakawa wajen daidaita laka da gurɓatawa ta yadda kogin zai bayyana a ƙasa. Wani rahoto a watan Afrilun 2002 ya ce: … wuraren dausayi na halitta suna da tasiri sosai wajen sarrafa gurɓataccen ruwa daga haƙar ma'adinai a Copperbelt … Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa Kafue tana da tsabta daga gurɓatattun ma'adinai daga ƙasa daga Copperbelt.

A cikin filayen Kafue, fitar da sinadarin phosphates a cikin takin zamani da ya wuce kima daga noman kasuwanci da kuma Nakambala Sugar Estate na iya haifar da furannin algae da kuma ci gaban ciyawa, wanda hakan ke rage yawan kifaye.

Gawayi da ke fitowa daga hakar ma'adinai da ke ɗauke da cadmium, gubar da mercury sun lalata Kogin Kafue Dole ne a dakatar da samar da ruwan gwamnati lokacin da Kogin Kafue ya yi shuɗi saboda ruwan da ke fitowa daga cikinsa.

Saboda girmansa da kuma wurin da yake, kogin Kafue wani yanayi ne da ke ba da ayyuka da tallafi ga al'ummomi da masana'antu waɗanda ke da sha'awa daban-daban kuma wani lokacin ma suke karo da juna game da amfani da albarkatun kogin. A shekarar 1999, Asusun Kula da Namun Daji na Duniya (WWF) ya fara tattaunawa tsakanin Gwamnatin Zambia, Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Zambia (ZESCO) da mutanen yankin don dawo da tsarin kwararar ruwa na halitta zuwa ga kwararar ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Itezhi-Tezhi da aka gina a Kogin Kafue.

Wannan aikin ya yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban manufofin gwamnatin Zambia kan albarkatun ruwa, kuma a watan Fabrairun 2010, majalisar ministocin Zambia ta amince da wani sabon tsarin samar da ruwa na ƙasa wanda "ke da nufin inganta kula da albarkatun ruwa ta hanyar kafa tsarin haɗin gwiwa na hukumomi, shiga cikin hanyoyin zamani na kula da albarkatun ruwa tare da rarraba manufofin gwamnati don magance buƙatu daban-daban a cikin ɓangaren ruwa".

A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2025, wani madatsar ruwa ta tailings mallakar wani ma'adinan tagulla da Sino-Metals Leach Zambia ke sarrafawa ta ruguje a Lardin Copperbelt, wanda ya sa lita miliyan 50 na sharar da ke ɗauke da sinadarin acid mai yawa, daskararru da aka narkar da su da ƙarfe masu nauyi suka shiga wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Kafue, wanda hakan ya haifar da rufe hanyoyin samar da ruwa a Kitwe .

Itezhi-Tezhi da Kafue Gorge Dams

Waɗannan sun yi mummunan tasiri ga muhalli a kogin.

Ruwa don ban ruwa

Gonakin kasuwanci, musamman waɗanda ke kan iyakokin filayen Kafue, suna ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa don ban ruwa. Babban cikinsu shine Nakambala Sugar Estate, wanda ke jawo sama da mutane 720,000. ^m3 a kowace rana don ban ruwa murabba'in kilomita 134.13 na ƙasa don noman rake.