Jump to content

Kogin Nar

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Kogin Nar
General information
Tsawo 24 km
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 52°42′N 0°42′E / 52.7°N 0.7°E / 52.7; 0.7
Kasa Birtaniya
Territory Norfolk (en) Fassara
River mouth (en) Fassara River Great Ouse (en) Fassara

 

Shafin Shahararren Kimiyya na Musamman
Wurin da yake Norfolk
Bayani na grid TF 813 160[1]
Sha'awa Halitta
Yankin 212.4 hekta (525 acres) [1]
Sanarwa 1992[1]
Taswirar wuri Taswirar sihiri

kogin Nar wani kogi ne a kasar Ingila, mai ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Great Ouse . Ya tashi a Mileham kusa da Litcham a Norfolk kuma yana gudana kilomita 15 zuwa yamma ta hanyar Castle Acre da Narborough (wannan na ƙarshe ya ba Nar sunansa [2]), ya shiga Ouse a King's Lynn . Yana da wasu sunaye daban-daban, kamar Setch, Sandringham, da Lynn Flu, [3] kodayake waɗannan ba a amfani da su a yau. A cikin 2011 Hukumar Muhalli ta amince da Nar a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan koguna goma da suka fi ingantawa a Ingila da Wales.

Sashe na ƙarshe na kogin kusa da bakinsa ya karkatar zuwa arewa lokacin da aka sake tura Great Ouse zuwa sabon fitowa a King's Lynn bayan karni na sha uku. An sanya kogin ya yi tafiya daga bakin zuwa Narborough kuma mai yiwuwa zuwa West Acre sakamakon Dokar Majalisar da aka samu a 1751. An yi amfani da ƙofofi guda goma da ƙofofin alkalami (ko kulle-kulle) don magance canjin matakin. Amfani da kogin ya ragu da sauri bayan bude hanyar jirgin kasa daga King's Lynn zuwa Dereham tsakanin 1846 da 1848. A shekara ta 1884, Hukumar Ruwa ta Nar ta karɓi kogin, kuma ta rufe shi don kewayawa, lokacin da aka gina wani shinge mara amfani da shi a kudancin masana'antar man fetur a King's Lynn. An gina sabon ƙofar kusa da mahaɗar tare da Babban Ouse kwanan nan.

An yi amfani da kogin don samar da wutar lantarki ga ma'adanai da yawa a cikin ƙarni. Gine-gine ko ragowar biyar har yanzu suna bayyane, kuma wasu har yanzu suna dauke da kayan aiki na asali. Narborough Bone Mill ba shi da hanyar shiga hanya, kuma ƙasusuwa daga masana'antar kifi da kuma daga makabarta a Hamburg an kawo su ta jirgin ruwa, don a niƙa su cikin abincin ƙashi. Ginin ya rufe lokacin da aka karɓi kogi, kuma kawai motar niƙa ta kasance a bakin teku.

Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 42 (miles 26), Shafin Nazarin Kimiyya na Musamman.[1][4]

Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kogin ya tashi daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kan tsaunuka masu tsawo kusa da 200 feet (61 m) zuwa kudu maso yammacin Tittleshall.[5] Da farko yana gudana zuwa gabas sannan zuwa kudu don ƙetare a ƙarƙashin hanyar B1145 Litcham zuwa yammacin Mileham. Juyawa zuwa yamma, ya wuce ta kudancin Litcham kuma ya shiga jerin tabkuna a Lexham Hall, inda Broad Water ya haɗu da shi. Lexham Hall babban gida ne da na lissafa, wanda aka gina a kusa da 1700. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, sojoji sun mamaye dukiyar, kuma filin da gidan sun lalace sosai. William Foster ne ya sayi shi a 1946, wanda a hankali ya dawo da shi, tare da taimakon masanin gine-gine Jim Fletcher Watson.[6] Gidajen suna buɗewa ga jama'a a ƙarshen mako da aka zaɓa a cikin shekara, kodayake gidan ba haka ba ne.[7] Ci gaba zuwa yamma, kogin ya kai tabkuna na West Lexham Hall. Yana haɗuwa da rafi da ke gudana zuwa arewa daga Little Dunham kafin ya haye a ƙarƙashin hanyar A1065 kuma ya gudana ta hanyar Emanuel's Common. An wuce ma'aunin ruwa na Newton da ba a amfani da shi ba kafin kogin ya kai ƙauyen Newton. A lokacin da ya kai Castle Acre yana ƙasa da 100 feet (30 .

Kogin yanzu ya fi faɗi kuma ya fara samar da magunguna. Ya wuce karin tabkuna a Kudancin Acre Hall, babban gida na gona wanda ya kasance daga karni na sha shida, sannan ya haye Castle Acre Common, kuma akwai tabkuna da yawa a cikin Big Wood. An sami ma'adinai a ƙarshen itacen. Babban tashar da ma'adinai suna wucewa duka suna ƙetare ƙaramin hanya a fords. A West Acre kogin ya wuce ragowar wani masallacin Augustinian sannan kuma Narford Lake, ta Narford Hall. Ragowar Priory suna da aji na II da aka jera da kuma abin tunawa na zamanin da aka tsara. Gidan yana da matsayi na lissafa, kuma Andrew Fountaine na Salle ne ya gina shi tsakanin 1690 da 1704 a Norfolk. An faɗaɗa shi a cikin shekarun 1830. Kogin ya wuce zuwa arewacin Narborough, inda akwai tabkuna da gonar kifi. A47 Narborough Bypass ya haye, kamar yadda asalin babbar hanyar zuwa Narborough, kusa da ita akwai tsohuwar ma'adinin ruwa, wanda aka gina a karni na sha takwas kuma aka gyara a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, wanda har yanzu ya ƙunshi yawancin injunan niƙa. [8] Layin Lynn da Dereham Railway ya kasance yana ƙetare zuwa yammacin Narborough, amma yanzu an rushe shi. Hanyar Nar Valley, hanyar tafiya mai nisa wacce ke bin kwarin don mafi yawan tsawon kogin yanzu tana gudana tare da bakin kogin. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da ke da alaƙa da kogin na gaba, kuma bayan wucewa Abbey Farm, inda akwai ragowar wani Priory na Augustinian, kogin yana da banƙyama, tare da bankunan ambaliyar ruwa a bangarorin biyu. Hanyar Nar Valley ta haye daga kudancin bakin teku zuwa arewa a farkon embanking.[8]

Wasu manyan tabkuna suna arewacin tashar, waɗanda a baya yashi ne da dutse. High Bridge yana ɗaukar hanya daga Blackborough End zuwa Wormegay a kan kogi, kuma Setchey Bridge yana ɗaukar Hanyar A10 a Setchey. Kadan zuwa yamma, tashar ta juya zuwa arewa, inda layin jirgin kasa ya haye ta daga Kasuwar Downham zuwa King's Lynn. Hanyar A47, Hanyar A148 da kuma wata karamar hanya a Kudancin Lynn, sannan kogin ya shiga Kogin Great Ouse a wani shinge.

Ilimin ruwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tashar aunawa kusa da Marham Fen, daga Narborough

Akwai tashar a Marham, wanda ke yin rikodin bayanan kogi ta hanyar auna kwararar ruwa a kan ruwa. Yankin kogin da ke sama da wannan batu shine murabba'in mil 59. (153.3 ) kuma yankin yana karɓar matsakaicin inci 27.3 (693 na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Wannan yana haifar da matsakaicin kwararar yau da kullun na galan miliyan 22 (100 Megalitres (Ml)), kodayake kwararar ta kai kusan sau biyu wannan darajar a watan Fabrairun 1977. Geology na kogin sama ya kunshi chalk rufe da wani nau'i na yumbu, [9] yana mai da shi daya daga cikin 'yan raƙuman ruwa da suka rage.[10] A asalinsa, an kafa kogin ne ta hanyar rugujewar ƙasa daga ƙasa mai yumbu, amma nan da nan an kara wannan da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin ruwa mai laushi a gabashin Litcham, wanda ke haifar da kogin laushi mai saurin gudana.[5] Ana tsarkake ruwan sama yayin da yake wucewa ta cikin chalk, kuma ruwan bazara, wanda yake da haske, alkaline, kuma koyaushe yana da sanyi, yana ba kogin halayensa na chalk. Saboda wannan dalili, duk kogin ya zama Shafin Nazarin Kimiyya na Musamman, ɗaya daga cikin koguna goma kawai waɗanda aka sanya su ta wannan hanyar a Ƙasar Ingila.[5]

A shekara ta 2011 Hukumar Muhalli ta amince da Nar a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan koguna goma da aka fi ingantawa a Ingila da Wales, kuma an sanya shi na bakwai a cikin jerin.[11] A tarihi, aikin injiniya na tashar, don yin shi madaidaici, zurfi da faɗi, na farko don kewayawa kuma daga baya don zubar da ƙasa, bai yi la'akari da lalacewar mazaunin da irin wannan aikin ke haifar ba.[12] An sami ci gaba ta hanyar saita bankunan ambaliyar ruwa daga tashar, da kuma samar da hanyoyin wucin gadi a cikin filin ambaliyar da ya haifar. Tsarin da ke hana wucewar rayuwar dabba, kamar weirs, an cire su inda ya yiwu.[13] An sami wasu ci gaba ta hanyar shirin Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF), wanda ke taimaka wa manoma su rage rugujewar magungunan kashe kwari da taki a cikin ruwa. Kogin yana ba da wurin zama ga trout na teku, wanda yake da wuya a Gabashin Anglia, yayin da kogin ruwa da otters ke yawan zuwa. An gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban 78 da ke girma a ciki ko tare da shi, wanda ya haɗa da orchid na kudancin, yayin da kwari da aka samu sun haɗa da nau'ikan dragonfly daban-daban 12. Grey wagtails, kingfishers, reed warblers da willow da marsh tits wasu daga cikin masu yawan tsuntsaye ne.[9]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  Duk da yake mafi yawan tashar kogi suna bin hanyar tarihi, sashin da ke kusa da bakin an canza shi. A ƙasa da Setchey, a baya ya ci gaba da yamma zuwa Wiggenhall, inda ya juya zuwa arewa kuma ruwan Kogin Gaywood ya haɗu da shi. Koyaya, ruwan Kogin Great Ouse da Kogin Cam, wanda ya taɓa gudana zuwa Wisbech, an karkatar da su zuwa arewa zuwa King's Lynn a ƙarni na goma sha uku, kuma an sake tura Nar don shiga sabon tashar kusa da King'synn.[14] Kodayake ba a san ainihin ranar karkatarwa ba, akwai al'adar cewa ya kasance a cikin 1236 bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta faru a Littleport.[15]

An sami ikon inganta kogin don kewayawa a cikin 1751, lokacin da mutanen King's Lynn, Narford, Narborough, Swaffham, da Castle Acre suka nemi majalisa kuma an ba su Dokar Majalisar don ba da izinin aikin. Babu wani adawa ga tsare-tsaren, wanda aka yi niyya don yin kogin ya yi tafiya har zuwa West Acre. An nada kwamishinoni, duk wani tara daga cikinsu zai iya yarda ya inganta kogin ta hanyar gina makullin, cire damuwa, da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin janyewa. An ƙayyade haraji, wanda kawai za'a iya caji a kan kayayyaki da ke tafiya sama da 220 yadudduka (200 sama da gadar a Setchey, kuma jiragen ruwa na nishaɗi sun kasance ba tare da haraji ba. An haramta jigilar bindigogi da taru don kama tsuntsaye da kifi, kuma kwamishinonin na iya karbar kuɗi don tallafawa aikin, tare da kudaden shiga da ke aiki a matsayin tsaro.[16]

Akwai fashewar aiki na farko, tare da kwamishinonin suna neman John Aram da Langley Edwards don samar da bincike da kimanta farashin aikin a watan Yunin 1751, wanda aka samar da shi yadda ya kamata. Mutanen sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da wasu sassan kogin, kuma sun ba da shawara cewa za a buƙaci staunches bakwai da ƙuƙwalwar alkalami. Za a gina babban kwandon kusa da gadar West Acre. Ba a dauki wani mataki ba har zuwa 1757, lokacin da aka nada mai ba da kuɗi. Ya tallata masu biyan kuɗi, waɗanda za su karɓi kudaden shiga, kuma an nada Langley Edwards don aiwatar da aikin. Jirgin zai dace da masu kunna wuta da ke riƙe da tan 10, kuma makullin zai isa ya riƙe mai kunnawa guda ɗaya.[17]

Edwards ya kiyasta cewa farashin zai zama £ 2,500, tare da staunches da ke biyan £ 50 kowannensu. Edward Everard, dan kasuwa daga King's Lynn, da Robert Crow, wani mutum daga Swaffham, sun ci gaba da £ 2,600 don tallafawa aikin, kuma an ba Edwards kwangilar. Ya fara ne a ƙarshen Satumba 1757, kuma yana da shekara guda kawai don kammala shi. Ba za a biya shi ba har sai an kammala aikin. Shekara ta wuce, kuma kodayake an kashe £ 1,900, aikin bai kusan kammala ba. An matsa ranar kammalawa zuwa 1 ga Janairu 1759, sannan kuma 15 ga Fabrairu, bayan haka Edwards zai sha wahala na £ 20 a kowane mako har sai an kammala aikin. An buƙaci ƙarin staunches guda biyu, wanda kwamishinonin suka ji ya kamata Edwards ya biya shi. Ya yi kira, kuma an ba shi har zuwa 3 ga watan Agusta don kammala aikin, gabatar da asusun sa, da kuma tabbatar da roko. An gama ayyukan a wannan ranar, amma ba a san wanda ya biya staunches guda biyu ba.[18]

Aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kwamishinonin sun yi la'akari da neman sabon Dokar Majalisar a cikin 1760, don ƙirƙirar sabon yanke wanda ke haɗa kogin a Setchey zuwa Babban Ouse ta hanyar hanya mafi ƙanƙanta. Kudin rabin shekara da ya ƙare a watan Maris na shekara ta 1761 ya kai £ 59 kuma ya samar da ribar £ 26. An kara harajin zuwa iyakar da aka ba da izini ta hanyar aikin asali, kuma an nemi magatakarda ya duba barin harajin, don kada su biya kuɗin tarin su. A wannan lokacin, Kwamishinonin sun bayyana sun rasa sha'awa, kuma ba a sake yin rikodin wasu tarurruka ba. Revd Henry Spelman ya sayi sha'awar kewayawa wani lokaci kafin 1770, kuma ya zama wakilin masu mallakar da masu biyan kuɗi. Ya bayyana cewa kwamishinonin sun ranta £ 3,500, kuma tare da riba, bashin da ya kamata ya tashi zuwa £ 4,718. Jirgin ba shi da amfani a sassa, kuma ya yi imanin cewa kwamishinonin sun kasa aikinsu. Ya sami Dokar Majalisar ta biyu, wanda za a kashe £ 800 akan ingantawa. Ya ba da rancen kewayawa £ 1,345 don biyan kuɗin aikin da kuma samun aikin, don a kara shi da bashin da yake da shi, dukansu zasu sami riba a kashi biyar cikin dari.[19]

Kodayake dokar ta bayyana cewa za a sanya makullin tare da ƙofofi na sama da na ƙasa, yana mai da su cikin makullin fam, kawai Edwards' pen sluice, wanda ke ƙarƙashin A47 a Narborough, an gina shi ta wannan hanyar. Goma staunches a saman 5 miles (8.0 km) ya ɗaga matakin da 30 feet (9.1 m) m). Tara sun kunshi ƙofar guillotine guda ɗaya, yayin da a Upper Bonemill an haɗa shi da ƙofofin mitre. Ruwan ya kasance dan kadan fiye da 11 feet (3.4 m) fadi, kuma kodayake babu wata shaida ta wani gini a sama da Narborough da aka samu, yana iya yiwuwa ya kai gadar West Acre. Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa rassan a Wormegay da Blackborough Priory suna iya tafiya.[20]

Rubuce-rubuce na tashar jiragen ruwa a Narborough sun nuna cewa manyan kaya da aka ɗauka sune kwal, masara, malt da katako. An sami wani Dokar Majalisar a cikin 1815, dangane da zubar da ruwa da inganta Ikklisiya kusa da Wormegay. Wannan ya ba da tanadi don yin Nar mai zurfi, mai faɗi da madaidaiciya. Injiniyan farar hula ne zai kula da kulle, tare da aikin gyara da za a gudanar da shi ta amfani da itacen oak, maimakon fir. Har ila yau, akwai tanadi don diyya ga harajin da aka rasa sakamakon aikin.[21]

Raguwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A tsakiyar karni na sha tara, 'yan uwan Marriott, wadanda ke da tashar jiragen ruwa a Narborough, kuma kasuwancin su ya hada da malt da sayar da kwal da masara, suma suna sarrafa kewayawa. Sun kafa ƙungiya, tare da wasu masu mallakar ƙasa, don tsayayya da gina layin Lynn da Dereham Railway daga King's Lynn zuwa Dereham. Dalilin su bai yi nasara ba, kuma layin ya buɗe daga King's Lynn zuwa Narborough a 1846, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Dereham a 1848, bayan haka cinikayya a kan kogi ta ƙi. Dokar Majalisar don shirin Nar Valley Drainage, wanda aka samu a 1881, ya haɗa da wani sashi don cire buƙatar kula da kogi don kewayawa, kuma kewayawa zuwa Narborough ya ƙare a 1884, [22] lokacin da gina Tsohon Nar Tidal Sluice ya hana jiragen ruwa shiga kogi a King's Lynn.

Yankin karshe na kogin, wanda ake kira Friars Fleet, an yi amfani da shi ta hanyar tururi da jiragen ruwa da ke isar da ruwa mai isar da iskar gas daga Cambridge Gas Works zuwa West Norfolk Farmers Manure Works har zuwa 1932. A kudancin masana'antar, ƙofofin ruwa na Tsohon Nar Tidal Sluice sun hana ruwa wucewa zuwa sama. Wani tashar jiragen ruwa da ake kira Boal Quay ya yi aiki da masu tasowa, da jiragen kamun kifi da aka rataye a cikin tashar.[23] Tare da cire layin dogo na Kings Lynn Harbour Branch wanda ya haye babban madauki a wannan ɓangaren, an karkatar da kogin zuwa sabon ƙofar kusa da Ouse, kodayake kashi biyu bisa uku na madauki ya kasance a matsayin ƙofar ruwa. Don rage haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, an gina tashar ambaliyar ambaliyar tsakanin Nar da Ouse Flood Relief Channel a cikin shekara ta 2001, a inda suka fi kusa. An gina wani shingen a cikin bankin ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ke sarrafawa ta motocin lantarki, kuma sabon tashar ta shiga tashar ambaliyar ambaliyar daga Saddlebow Bridge.[24]

Shawarwari

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai shirye-shiryen sake yin ɓangaren ƙarshe na kogin, a matsayin wani ɓangare na makirci don ƙirƙirar hanyar da ba ta da ruwa daga King's Lynn zuwa Great Ouse, wanda ya haɗa da tashar jiragen ruwa a Boal Quay da kullewar teku kusa da ƙofar ƙarshe. Zai kasance wani ɓangare na aikin sabuntawa mafi girma don kudancin garin, kuma kogin zai kasance yana da alaƙa da Babban Ruwa na Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa, wanda a halin yanzu ya ƙare a wani shinge dan kadan a kudancin hanyar A47. [25] An yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban don haɗin haɗin, amma hanyar da aka fi so ita ce amfani da tashar ambaliyar ruwa, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 2001. Wannan za a faɗaɗa shi, kuma gadoji biyu, waɗanda ke kan Thiefgate Lane da bankin Flood Relief Channel, za a sake gina su don samar da ƙarin ɗakin.[26] Koyaya, an watsar da haɗin da ba na ruwa ba, saboda akwai damuwa game da batutuwan muhalli, an yi tunanin tashar ta yi ƙanƙanta don karɓar jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya a bangarori daban-daban, kuma wasu daga cikin gadoji ba za su samar da isasshen wuri ba. An gyara makircin don haɗawa da kulle daga ƙarshen tashar agajin ambaliyar ruwa zuwa cikin Ouse, tare da kullewar teku da tashar jiragen ruwa ana riƙe su. Wadannan tsare-tsaren an jinkirta su, saboda canjin yanayin kudi da rushewar darajar ƙasa.[27]

Rashin ruwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin kogin an rarraba shi a matsayin babban kogi, sabili da haka alhakin Hukumar Muhalli ne. A ƙasa da Narborough, kogin yana aiki a matsayin Mai ɗaukar tsaunuka, saboda an ƙuntata shi da bankunan ambaliyar ruwa kuma matakin ruwa na iya zama sama da matakin ƙasar da ke kewaye da shi. Ragewa daga wannan ƙasar zuwa cikin kogi ba zai yiwu ba, sabili da haka, ta hanyar nauyi, kuma yankin murabba'in kilomita .6 (66 ) ana sarrafa shi ta Gabashin Ouse, Polver da Nar Internal Drainage Board (IDB), waɗanda ke kula da tashoshin magudanar ruwa da tashoshan famfo don rage haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa. Yankin da suke da alhakin, wanda kashi 87 cikin dari na gonar noma ne, ya haɗa da mafi yawan kwarin Nar. Rashin da ke samar da wannan yanki ya fi girma, a murabba'in kilomita 46.89 (1.4 ), yayin da ruwa ke gudana daga ƙasa mafi girma a gefen gefensa. Kamar yadda yankin yake ƙasa, cibiyar sadarwa ta magudanar ruwa tana ciyarwa cikin manyan magudanar, kuma IDB tana kula da tashoshin famfo guda bakwai don fitar da ruwa cikin manyan koguna. Shida daga cikin wadannan suna a Polver, Nar Valley, Mill Fen, Mow Fen, Chain Bridge da Saddlebow. Rashin Puny a baya ya gudu zuwa wani tashar ruwa mai nauyi a King's Lynn, [28] amma an sake tura shi don fitarwa cikin Ouse Relief Channel.[29]

Polver Drain yana gudana a gefen kudu na kogi, kuma yana ci gaba zuwa Ouse Relief Channel, inda akwai tashar famfo. Puny Drain yana gudana zuwa arewacin kogin, kuma ya juya zuwa arewa kusa da Setchey. A baya ya gudu zuwa syphon wanda ya ɗauke shi a ƙarƙashin Nar kawai a saman 1884 sluice, kuma ya ƙare a tashar nauyi a bakin Ouse.[29] A matsayin wani ɓangare na sake gina yankin a kudancin King's Lynn, an sake tura ramin zuwa sabon fitowar kimanin kilomita 2.5 (4 zuwa sama. Wannan ya haɗa da gina sabon tashar daga West Winch Common zuwa kusa da Saddlebow Bridge. Hanyar dole ne ta haye babban layin jirgin kasa zuwa King's Lynn da Kogin Nar. Don karɓar wannan, an gina syphons a ƙarƙashin duka biyun. Ga hanyar jirgin kasa, an gina rami mai ƙafa 25 (7.6 a kowane gefen hanya zuwa zurfin ƙafa 39 (12 , kuma bututu biyu sun haɗa shafts, suna gudana a kusa da ƙafa 33 (10 a ƙasa da matakin waƙoƙi. An gina rami mai tsawon mita 7 (2.1 a diamita a ƙarƙashin Nar, a zurfin kusan mita 20 (6 , da kuma mita 13 (4 a ƙasa da gadon kogi.[30] Sabuwar tashar famfo, wacce ta kunshi famfo uku kuma tana a ƙarshen syphons, tana iya yin famfo 76M gallons (345 Ml) a kowace rana. Zane yana amfani da bawul ɗin fashewar syphon don rage girman famfo da ake buƙata, sabili da haka amfani da wutar lantarki.[31]

Shirin ya kai fam miliyan 5.5, kuma an cimma shi a cikin watanni 18 tun daga watan Satumbar 2006, bayan shekaru biyu na tattaunawa tare da Railtrack don samun ƙirar ramin da aka amince da shi a ƙarƙashin hanyar Jirgin kasa.[32] Kusan mil 1 (1.6 na sabon magudanar ruwa an gina kuma an sake gina mil 1.2 (1.9 na magudanar da ke akwai. Aikin ya kasance mai rikitarwa da gaskiyar cewa yawancin shafin yana cikin Kogin Nar Site of Special Scientific Interest, kuma dole ne Natural England ta amince da shi. An yi aikin ne a cikin ƙananan sassan don rage tasirin da aka yi wa badgers, tsuntsayen ruwa da sauran namun daji.[32] Sashe na ƙarshe na hanyar asali, daga syphon a ƙarƙashin Kogin Nar zuwa Babban Ouse, tun lokacin da ya cika ta hanyar Nar Ouse Regeneration Area, kuma gini na farko da za a gina a kan ƙasar da aka dawo da ita ita ce Makarantar Firamare ta St Michael.[33]

Ginin tashar ambaliyar ruwa a shekara ta 2001, don fitar da ruwa mai yawa a cikin tashar Ouse Flood Relief, wani bangare ne na babban makirci, wanda ya haɗa da ɗaga bankunan ambaliyar sama, da kuma samar da yankin ajiyar ambaliyar.[24] Don ba da izinin zubar da ruwa daga yankin Nar Ouse Regeneration Area, an faɗaɗa tashar da ke ƙasa da gadar a kan Wisbech Road. An sake tono wani ɓangare na Blubberhouse Creek, don ƙirƙirar tafkin agaji na ambaliyar ruwa. Kodayake ba zai iya ƙunshe da ruwa ba, a yanayin guguwa inda matakan ruwa masu yawa a cikin Ouse ke hana fitar da ruwa daga Nar, ana iya cika kwandon zuwa zurfin har zuwa 2.6 feet (0.79 m) , kuma zai dawo cikin kogi da zarar matakan ruwa sun fadi, yawanci bayan sa'o'i 5 zuwa 6. An kammala wannan aikin a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2011. [33]

Mills

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An gyara Narborough Water Mill a cikin 1980.

Kogin ya samar da wutar lantarki ga ma'adanai da yawa a cikin ƙarni da yawa. Yin aiki a ƙasa daga tushe, ma'adinin farko ya kasance a Newton ta Castle Acre. An ambaci shafin a cikin Domesday Book . An gina ma'adinin na yanzu a cikin tubali tare da rufin rufi, kuma an haɗa gidan ma'adinai, wanda aka gina da dutse daga wani gidan da aka rushe. Daga nan aka faɗaɗa injin, wanda ya haifar da cewa yana da layin rufin daban ga gidan. An yi amfani da shi don kibbling masara a cikin shekarun 1930. A shekara ta 1972, lokacin da aka mayar da ma'adinin, gidan ma'adinai ya kasance harsashi ne kawai ba tare da rufi ba, kuma an rushe shi a shekara ta 1977. Wani masanin tarihin Norfolk ya gina sabon gidan niƙa a cikin shekarun 1990, a cikin irin wannan salon na asali. Yawancin injunan, gami da motar, har yanzu suna nan a 2003, kodayake ba sa aiki.[34]

West Acre mill gini ne mai hawa huɗu, tare da bene na ƙasa da aka gina da tubali da kuma hawa na sama da aka gina a cikin katako. Yana da rufin rufi, tare da gidan niƙa da aka haɗe. Gidan bene na dutsen ya kasance daga karni na 15, kuma ya bayyana cewa an gina shi ne daga kayan da aka samu daga West Acre Abbey. Ruwan ruwa ya kori nau'i-nau'i huɗu na dutse, kodayake an yi amfani da biyu kawai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Tsarin motsa jiki na dutse mai matakai huɗu, wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da dukkan ƙafafun huɗu a lokaci guda, an lura da shi a matsayin misali mai kyau na injunan niƙa a cikin shekarun 1950, lokacin da aka bincika ginin, amma an rushe shi a 1959, saboda an dauke shi da aminci. Gidan niƙa ya kasance.[35]

Narborough Mill babban gini ne mai hawa uku wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1780. Charles Tyssen ya kara da tsawo a 1845, amma ya kasa samar da isasshen tushe, kuma ƙari a hankali ya nutse har sai rufin ya rushe a 1980. A shekara ta 1887, akwai gidan injiniya a gaban injin, amma wannan ya zama gidan mai niƙa. Bayan rushewar tsawo, an yi amfani da tarin ƙafa goma sha uku (15 don daidaita sauran ginin kafin a fara gyarawa. Wani motar ruwa mai ƙafa 14 (4.3 ya kori wani shaft a kwance, wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki guda huɗu, daga baya ya kara zuwa shida. Kodayake injin ya daina aiki a farkon shekarun 1950, yawancin injunan sun kasance ba su da lalacewa.[36]

Narborough Bone Mill ya ci gaba da raguwa, kuma ba shi da wata hanyar shiga hanya, yayin da aka kawo ƙasusuwa ta jirgin ruwa, kuma an kwashe naman alade ta jirgin ruwa. An gina shi a farkon karni na sha tara, kuma an yi amfani da shi don niƙa ƙasusuwa daga wuraren yanka na gida, ƙasusuwan whale daga masana'antar kifi ta King's Lynn, da ƙasusuwa manipud makabarta a Hamburg. Ginin ya daina aiki a 1884 ko kuma ba da daɗewa ba, lokacin da Hukumar Ruwa ta Nar Valley ta gina wani shinge kusa da bakin kogin, don hana amfani da kogin ta jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, motar ta kasance a matsayin fitaccen fasalin a bankin da ke gaban hanyar motsawa.[37]

Ginin karshe ya kasance a Pentney, kuma asalinsa mallakar Priory ne da ke kusa. Bayan mutuwar Priory, ƙauyen ya koma Narborough a hankali, ya bar ma'adinin a ware, kuma an daina amfani da shi a karni na 19. Ragowar ta nuna cewa an gina shi da fararen tubali, kuma kundin kasuwanci daga karni na 19 ya nuna cewa an yi amfani da shi azaman mashaya da zarar ya daina zama mashaya.[38]

Ingancin ruwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hukumar Kula da Muhalli tana auna ingancin ruwa na tsarin kogi a Ingila. Kowane mutum an ba shi matsayi na muhalli gaba ɗaya, wanda zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin matakai biyar: mai girma, mai kyau, matsakaici, matalauta da mara kyau. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ake amfani da su don tantance wannan, gami da matsayin halittu, wanda ke kallon yawan da nau'ikan invertebrates, angiosperms da kifi. Matsayin sunadarai, wanda ke kwatanta maida hankali ga sunadarai daban-daban da sanannun maida hankali, ana kimanta shi da kyau ko kasawa.[39]

Ingancin ruwa na tsarin Kogin Nar ya kasance kamar haka a cikin 2019.

Sashe Yanayin Muhalli Yanayin sinadarai Tsawon Rashin da aka kama Tashar
Samfuri:Waterqual mod | Samfuri:Waterqual fail 18.4 miles (29.6 km) 59.58 square miles (154.3 km2)
Samfuri:Waterqual mod | Samfuri:Waterqual fail 6.9 miles (11.1 km) 13.63 square miles (35.3 km2) An canza shi sosai
Samfuri:Waterqual mod | Samfuri:Waterqual fail 9.5 miles (15.3 km) 5.19 square miles (13.4 km2) An canza shi sosai

Dalilan ingancin ya kasance ƙasa da kyau sun haɗa da gyare-gyaren jiki na tashoshin, kuma a cikin yanayin Middleton Stop Drain, nickel da ke faruwa na halitta da mahadi. Kamar yawancin koguna a Burtaniya, matsayin sunadarai ya canza daga mai kyau zuwa kasawa a cikin 2019, saboda kasancewar polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) da mahadi na mercury, babu wanda a baya aka haɗa shi a cikin kimantawa.[40]

Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

An dauki wuraren da ke cikin tashoshin daga taswirar Ordnance Survey 1:2500 na 1884/85. Babu wata alama game da kowane tsarin kewayawa, gami da kullewar alkalami ta Edwards, sama da Narborough Wharf a kan waɗancan taswirar.

Bayanan littattafai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Designated Sites View: River Nar". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 13 June 2018. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "dsv" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Rye 1991 "The River Nar is near [to Narborough] and the river name is almost certainly derived from the place."
  3. ↑ Chambers 1829 "The river Nar, by some called the Setch, Sandringham, and Lynn Flu[...]"
  4. ↑ "Map of River Nar". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 CAMS 2005.
  6. ↑ "Lexham Hall". Parks and Gardens UK. Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
  7. ↑ "Lexham Hall". National Gardens Scheme. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named osmap
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Farmers play their part in River Nar improvement". National Farmers Union. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "nfu" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ Marsh & Hannaford 2008.
  11. ↑ "Most improved rivers revealed by Environment Agency". BBC News UK. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020.
  12. ↑ "Rivers the healthiest in a generation". The Guardian. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017.
  13. ↑ Holloway & Fisher 2011.
  14. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  15. ↑ Blair 2006
  16. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  17. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  18. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  19. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  20. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  21. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  22. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  23. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Babtie, Brown & Root 2003
  25. ↑ Cumberlidge 2009.
  26. ↑ Babtie, Brown & Root 2003.
  27. ↑ "Kings Lynn Marina and Relief Channel Lock". Great Ouse Boating Association. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  28. ↑ "East of Ouse District map" (PDF). East of Ouse, Polver and Nar IDB. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Towler 2018.
  30. ↑ "Nothing 'Puny' about this" (PDF). May Gurney. 2007. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  31. ↑ "Puny Drain Pumping Station" (PDF). Bedford Pumps. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Roberts 2008.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Nar Ouse Infrastructure Works". Kings Lynn Borough Council. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 2011-11-12. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "NarOuse" defined multiple times with different content
  34. ↑ "Newton by Castle Acre Mill". Norfolk Mills. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  35. ↑ "West Acre Mill". Norfolk Mills. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  36. ↑ "Narborough Mill". Norfolk Mills. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  37. ↑ "Narborough Bone Mill". Norfolk Mills. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  38. ↑ "Pentney Mill". Norfolk Mills. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  39. ↑ "Glossary (see Biological quality element; Chemical status; and Ecological status)". Catchment Data Explorer. Environment Agency. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  40. ↑ "Chemical Status". Environment Agency. 2023. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kogin_Nar&oldid=558127"