Kogin Punalu'u

Kogin Punalu'u
black sand beach (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Wuri
19°08′10″N 155°30′14″W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar Amurika	Hawaii
County of Hawaii (en)	Hawaii County (mul)
Volcanic island (en)	Hawaii (en)

Ra'ayi na rairayin bakin teku

Alamar bakin teku ta Punalu'u

Punalu ʻ Beach (wanda kuma ake kira Black Sand Beach ) bakin teku ne tsakanin Pāhala da Nā ʻ ālehu a kan Big Island na jihar Hawaii ta Amurka . Bakin bakin tekun yana da bakin yashi da aka yi da basalt wanda aka yi shi da lafazin da ke kwarara cikin tekun wanda ke fashe yayin da ya isa tekun ya yi sanyi. Wannan aikin volcanoes yana cikin Hawai ʻ i Volcanoes National Park . Punalu ʻ ana yawan zuwa da shaho da korayen kunkuru, waɗanda galibi ana iya ganin su suna kifaye akan baƙar yashi.

Bayyanawa

Kusa da yashi baƙar fata

Yankin yin iyo yana da dutse sosai, kuma yana iya zama haɗari don yin iyo. Har ila yau, rairayin bakin teku yana da ruwa mai yawa a karkashin kasa wanda ke gudana a ciki. Wannan ruwa mai laushi yana da sanyi sosai kuma yana kama da man fetur da ke haɗuwa da ruwa. Labarin ya nuna cewa a lokacin fari, tsoffin 'yan Hawaii da ke zaune a yankin za su nutse a ƙarƙashin ruwa tare da kwalba don samun ruwan sha. A cikin Harshen Hawaiian puna lu'u yana nufin "mai nutsewa [ruwa]. "

Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana a 19°08′10′′N 155°30′14′′W / 19.136°N 155.504°W / 19.-136; -155.504. Samun dama daga Hawaii Belt Road ne: ɗaukar hanyar Ninole ko ƙofar Sea Mountain Resort.

An ba da izinin yin zango a filin shakatawa na Punalu'u Black Sand Beach .

Abubuwan al'adu

Wani tururuwa mai launin kore yana yawo a kan rairayin bakin teku

Yara da honu suna raba rairayin bakin teku a Punaluʻ.

Cocin Henry Opukahaia

Punalu'u da yankunan da ke kusa da shi suna ba da shaida game da sauye-sauye a cikin amfani da sarari mai tsarki a tsawon lokaci. Gine-gine masu ban sha'awa a cikin manyan gine-ginen heiau (cibiyoyin al'ada) suna magana da ikon Ali'i (aji mai mulki) da kuma zamantakewar zamantakewar tsohuwar Gundumar Ka'ū. Tare da zuwan masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da suka isa gundumar tun farkon 1833, Kiristanci ya bar alamar gine-ginensa ta musamman a kan shimfidar wuri na Ka'ū. Da yake zaune a kan tudun da ke sama da Punalu'u shine Ikilisiyar Hōkūloa, ɗakin sujada da makabartar da aka gina kusa da wurin haihuwar Henry ʻ'ia (1792-1818) wanda ya yi wahayi zuwa ga ƙungiyar mishan da ta canza Hawaii har abada.

Akwai heiau guda uku kafin tuntuɓar a kusa da Punalu'u. An gabatar da heiau mai garu a Hawaii game da 1100 kuma Punaluʻ yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare na ƙarshe a Hawaii inda mutum zai iya jin daɗin ra'ayi mara canzawa daga ɗayan heiau zuwa na gaba.

A kudu ya ta'allaka ne Ka ʻ watau ʻ watau Heiau. Tunani don zama wurin bautar kamun kifi, an gina heiau ne a kan wani babban ɗigon ruwa da ke kallon teku zuwa kudu, abin da ya kasance da tafkunan kifi na Ninole a yamma da Koloa Bay a gabas—gidan almara na ʻ ili ʻ ili hanau (dutsen haihuwa) da aka ce yana da ikon allahntaka don yaduwa. Waɗannan duwatsu masu santsi, masu goge ruwa an so su sosai kuma an yi amfani da su don yin shimfidar heiau, don ɗaukar harbin majajjawa da kuma azaman guntun wasa don wasan konane na Hawaii. Sunan Ka ʻ ʻ ana tunani don komawa zuwa wani nau'in tarko na kamun kifi ko na'ura da aka yi da fibrous ʻ ʻ itacen inabi. La'akari cikin yanayi mai kyau ta masu binciken farko, ganuwar da dama da wani dandali na dutse duk sun rage na Ka ʻ ʻ a yau. Sakamakon karatun kwanan nan ya fassara shafin a matsayin mai ayyuka da yawa. Wataƙila ya zama wurin ba da kyauta da haraji, wurin lura don sa ido kan tafkunan kifin, da kuma hanyar sadarwa da wurin yadawa.

Tsarin heiau na Lanipau ya sami tasiri sosai ta hanyar gina filin golf na Sea Mountain Resort. Da zarar mafi girma daga cikin uku, a yau abin da ya rage na Lanipau shine ainihin "tsibiran" wanda teku ta haɗiye shi da kuma fitar da kayan lambu.

Gidan heiau da ke zaune a kan teku da Punaluʻ Beach ana kiransa da sunaye da yawa ciki har da Halelau, Kaneʻ; Mailekini ko Punaluʻ Nui. Wannan hieau mai yiwuwa ya kai ga gefen dutsen a Punalu'u Bay. An lalata iyakar yammacin don buɗe hanyar gina gidan ajiya na tashar jiragen ruwa don kamfanin sukari a cikin 1906. An gano shi a matsayin heiau luakini (haikalin hadaya na mutum), babban dutse mai kama da tebur yana zaune a waje da bangon kudancin kuma an san shi a cikin gida kamar Pohaku Mohai (dutse na hadaya). Binciken farko na shafin ya lura da yiwuwar kauhale (gidaje) kusa da heiau wanda mai yiwuwa ne mazaunan na kahuna (masu ilimin addini).

Wani muhimmin fasalin al'adu shi ne Ala Kahakai (hanyar teku) wanda ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin cibiyoyin al'ada da al'ummomin bakin teku. Aka yi tunani ala kahakai Hanyar farko da Allah Lono ya bi daga Arewacin Kohala zuwa iyakar kudu da tsibirin sannan ya bi ta Ka ʻ zuwa Puna . Wannan hanyar da aka taɓa shimfidawa tare da na ʻ ili ʻ ili hanau an sanya shi azaman Tafarkin Tarihi na Ƙasa a cikin 2029 kuma ana iya samun ragowar a duka Punalu ʻ Nui da Ka ʻ ʻ heiau.

Ruwa na Anchialine

Yankin maras kyau da tafkin anchialine kusa da Ninole a kan Babban Tsibirin Hawaii kusa da Punalu'u Black Sand Beach

Anchialine tafkuna iri-iri suna faRuwa a kusa da kusa da Punaluʻ da Ninole Cove. Wadannan tafkunan suna da wuya kuma suna da ruwa mai laushi tare da kwararar bakin teku wanda ke nuna sauye-sauye ba tare da haɗin kai ga teku ba. Sun haɗa da tafkunan da ke kusa da bakin teku da kuma tafkunan marasa damuwa a cikin bututun dutse da suka rushe, tsagewa, da koguna. Dabbobi masu kama da na asali suna zaune a cikin tafkuna kuma suna tafiya tsakanin su da kuma ta hanyar su ta hanyar tsagewa na karkashin kasa. Orange-black damselfly (Megalagrion xanthomelas) yana haifuwa a cikin tafkunan anchialine yayin da kwari na asali ke zaune a kan ciyayi da ke kusa. A ko'ina cikin jihar, nau'in anchialine suna fuskantar barazanar kwari na waje, asarar mazaunin saboda ci gaban bakin teku, da sauran tasirin ɗan adam.

Anchialine tafkuna suna daya daga cikin yanayin halittu da ke fuskantar barazana a Hawaii. Ruwa na Anchialine tafkuna ne masu laushi da ke kusa da bakin teku da aka haɗa da teku ta hanyar bututu. Ana nuna su ta hanyar sauye-sauye, waɗannan tafkuna masu ban sha'awa da masu rauni gida ne ga tsire-tsire da dabbobi masu ban mamaki.

A cikin Amurka, wannan mazaunin ya wanzu ne kawai a cikin tsibirin Hawaiian kuma, daga cikin kusan tafkunan anchialine 700 da aka sani, yawancin suna kan tsibirin Hawaii. An kafa su ta hanyar aikin dutsen wuta, waɗannan tafkunan gida ne ga tarin halittu masu zaman kansu da nau'ikan algal, wasu daga cikinsu an san su ne kawai a cikin wannan mazaunin. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, an gabatar da nau'ikan kifi marasa asali kuma / ko mamaye mafi yawan tafkunan. Wadannan nau'o'in baƙi sun sannu a hankali sun lalata ma'aunin muhalli a yawancin tafkuna ta hanyar kawar da yawancin nau'o-in halittu na musamman.

Gidajen kifi

An san Punaluʻ da daɗewa saboda koa ("gidajen kifi") inda takamaiman nau'in kifi ke zaune a takamaiman yankuna na bakin teku. Ruwan ruwa mai tsabta, ruwa mai ruwa na Punalu'u da aka haɗu da ruwan gishiri na teku yana ba da kyakkyawan wurin zama ga kifi iri-iri da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan halittu na halitta. Akwai koa da yawa kawai a bakin teku daga Punalu'u har yanzu masu kamun kifi na gida suna amfani da su. Kowane koa an gano shi ta hanyar nau'in kifi da ke zaune a can, gami da yellowfin tuna (ahi) da mackerel (ono, ko wahoo). A tarihi, iyalai na Hawaiian za su ciyar da kifi a cikin taro da kabewa da aka dafa kuma kifin, a sakamakon haka, zai samar da tushen furotin na yau da kullun.

Ci gaba

An gina filin golf a bangarorin biyu na Belt Road a nan ta C. Brewer & Co. daga 1969 zuwa 1972. An ba da shawarar wani wurin shakatawa mafi girma a shekarar 1986. Bayan adawa, an rage shirye-shiryen. An gina aikin ne amma an watsar da shi.

A shekara ta 2005, wani kamfani da ke Beverly Hills, California ya ba da shawarar ci gaba da ci gaba da ake kira "Sea Mountain" na kimanin kadada 433 (ha 175) kuma har zuwa raka'a 2000 . An gabatar da wata sanarwa ta tasirin muhalli a shekara ta 2006. Duk da sa hannun Jean-Michel Cousteau, wannan ci gaban ya sadu da adawa a cikin gida.

A cikin al'adun gargajiya

A cikin shekarun 1960s, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Japan kuma mai ba da guitar Yūzō Kayama ya kirkiro waƙar dutse mai suna "Black Sand Beach". Yūzō Kayama da Launchers, Takeshi Terauchi da Blue Jeans, The Ventures, da The Aquatudes ne suka buga wannan waƙar.