Kogin Tana (Kenya)
| Kogin Tana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Tsawo | 800 km |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 2°31′54″S 40°31′40″E / 2.5317°S 40.5278°E |
| Kasa | Kenya |
Hydrography (en)  | |
| Tributary (en) | |
| Watershed area (en) | 95,000 km² |
| River source (en) | Aberdare Range (en) |
| River mouth (en) | Tekun Indiya |
Kogin Tana shine kogi mafi tsawo a Kenya, ana kuma kiransa Kogin Sagana a yankin Dutsen Kenya kuma an ba shi suna ga Gundumar Kogin Tana . Kimanin 1000 ne Tsawon kilomita, magudanar ruwanta ta mamaye kusan 100,000 km2 kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa ga ruwa da kuma ƙasan Tana wanda ya ƙunshi ɓangaren da ke ƙasan Kora inda kogin ke gudana kimanin 700. kilomita ta cikin filayen da ba su da ruwa sosai. Madatsun ruwansa sun haɗa da wasu manyan koguna a Yankin Tsakiya kamar Thika, Kogin Ragati, Nyamindi, Thiba, Mathioya, Chania, Thuci da Mutonga. Kogin ya taso ne daga Dutsen Kenya a Nyeri . Da farko yana tafiya kudu maso yamma kafin ya juya kudu a kusa da dutsen Kenya kuma ya karkata har zuwa Tekun Indiya.
A ƙasa da madatsar ruwa, kogin ya juya arewa kuma yana gudana tare da iyakar arewa maso kudu tsakanin Meru da North Kitui da Bisanadi, Kora da Rabole National Reserves. A cikin ajiyar kogin ya juya gabas, sannan kudu maso gabas. Yana wucewa ta garuruwan Garissa, Hola da Garsen kafin ya shiga Tekun Indiya a yankin Ungwana Bay-Kipini, a ƙarshen kogin da ya kai kusan kilomita 30 daga bakin kogin kanta. Yana gudana ta cikin yankin da ba shi da ruwa kuma yana ban ruwa da ƙasar da ke kewaye da shi.
Gudun shekara-shekara yana sama da mita cubic miliyan 5,000 (MCM) a matsakaici, amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin shekaru da kuma fadin shekaru, kuma ya haɗa da lokutan ambaliyar ruwa guda biyu a kowace shekara Tsakanin 1944 da 1978, matsakaicin jimlar gudana (a Garissa) ya kasance 6,105 MCM, ya bambanta daga 1,789 MCM kawai a 1949 zuwa 13,342 MCM a 1968. A lokacin 1982-1996, kwararar shekara-shekara ta kasance sama da 5,000 MCM. Ana samun ruwa daga kogin ta manyan ayyukan ban ruwa masu zuwa: Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project, Tana Irrigation Scheme da Tana Delta Irrigation Project.
Akwai shaidu masu yawa cewa Canjin yanayi zai rushe Kogin Tana da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi.[1][2][3]
Dams
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An gina jerin madatsun ruwa na lantarki (Sagaye na Forks Hydro na Bakwai ko Tsarin Forks Bakwai) a gefen kogi. Wadannan sun hada da (don tsari na cascading) madatsar ruwan Masinga (wanda aka ba da izini a 1981 tare da shigar da damar 40MW), madatsar ruwa ta Kamburu (1974, 94.20MW), Madatsar ruwa na Gitaru (1978, 225.25MW), da madatsar madatsar Kindar ruwa (1968, 72MW) da kuma madatsar mmiri ta Kiambere (1988, 168MW).[4][5] a [6] [7] Rashin Ruwa na Masinga da Rashin ruwa ya Kiambere, wanda madatsar ruwa ta Masinga da Kiambere suka kirkira bi da bi, suna aiki da manufa biyu: wutar lantarki (HEP) da kuma aikin gona. Sauran uku ana amfani da su ne kawai don ƙarni na HEP. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2003 ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na bukatun lantarki na Kenya sun fito ne daga jerin madatsun ruwa a Kogin Tana. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan kogi yana da ruwan kasa a ƙarƙashinsa, amma ba haka ba ne.[8] Ana ba da wutar lantarki ga tsarin grid na ƙasa kuma ana rarraba shi a duk faɗin ƙasar ta hanyar jerin tashoshin, masu canzawa da igiyoyi.[9]
Sunayen sunaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana kiran nau'o'in dabbobi masu rarrafe guda biyu na Afirka bayan Kogin Tana: Mochlus tanae da Myriopholis tanae . [10]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tana River Primate Reserve
- Shirin Ruwa da Gidauniyar Bura
- Shirin Galana Kulalu
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jenkins, Rhosanna L. M.; Warren, Rachel F.; Price, Jeff T. (2021-07-21). "Addressing risks to biodiversity arising from a changing climate: The need for ecosystem restoration in the Tana River Basin, Kenya". PLOS ONE (in Turanci). 16 (7). Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1654879J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254879. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8294490 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34288974 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Muthuwatta, Lal; Sood, Aditya; McCartney, Matthew; Silva, Nishchitha Sandeepana; Opere, Alfred (2018-06-05). "Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change in the Tana River Basin, Kenya". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (in English). Copernicus GmbH. 379: 37–42. Bibcode:2018PIAHS.379...37M. doi:10.5194/piahs-379-37-2018. S2CID 51999648.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Nakaegawa, Tosiyuki; Wachana, Calistus; Group, KAKUSHIN Team-3 Modeling (2012). "First impact assessment of hydrological cycle in the Tana River Basin, Kenya, under a changing climate in the late 21st Century". Hydrological Research Letters. 6: 29–34. Bibcode:2012HRL.....6...29N. doi:10.3178/hrl.6.29.
- ↑ Adams, W.M.; Hughes, F.M.R. (1986). "The environmental effects of dam construction in tropical Africa: Impacts and planning procedures". Geoforum. 17 (3–4): 403–410. doi:10.1016/0016-7185(86)90007-2.
- ↑ Galadin, H., Bidault, N., Stephen, L., Watkins, B., Dilley, M., and Mutunga, N. (2006). "Reducing the Impacts of Floods through Early Warning and Preparedness: A Pilot Study for Kenya" (PDF). Arnold, Chen, Deichmann, Dilley, Lerner-Lam, Pullen, and Trohanis. Natural Disaster Hotspots Case Studies. The World Bank. Retrieved 2012-06-23.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "KenGen".
- ↑ "Hydropower Stations in Kenya - energypedia".
- ↑ "Tana River, Kenya: integrating downstream values into hydropower planning" (PDF). Case Studies in Wetland Valuation #6. International Union for Conservation of Nature. May 2003. Retrieved 2012-06-24.
- ↑ "KenGen increases hydropower output". Daily Nation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-02-21.
- ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Tana", p. 260).