Kogin Ulanga
| Kogin Ulanga | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 8°31′17″S 37°20′33″E / 8.521523°S 37.342615°E |
| Kasa | Tanzaniya |
| Territory | Yankin Morogoro |
River mouth (en)  | Rafin Rufiji |
Kogin Ulanga, wanda aka fi sani da Kogin Kilombero, yana tashi a tsaunukan kudu maso yammacin yankin Morogoro, Tanzania, a gefen gabashin yankin Gabashin Afirka. Kogin yana gudana arewa maso gabas tare da iyakar arewa maso gabashin yankin Lindi kafin ya kwarara zuwa kogin Rufiji. Daga ƙarshe Rufiji yana kwarara zuwa Tekun Indiya a gabar tekun kudancin yankin Pwani.
Ilimin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwarin Ulanga wani yanki ne mai cike da dausayi na halitta wanda ya ƙunshi koguna da yawa, waɗanda suka zama mafi girman yankin ambaliyar ruwa mai tsafta a yankin Gabashin Afirka. Kogin Ulanga yana samar da kashi biyu bisa uku na ruwan Rufiji. [1]
Kogin Ulanga ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwa da manyan koguna da ke fitowa daga kudu, waɗanda ke gudana daga arewacin tsaunuka na yankunan Njombe da Iringa a kan gangaren gabashin Gabashin Afirka da kudu daga Dutsen Udzungwa da Dutsen Mahenge. Daga kudu Kogin Ruhudji yana iska zuwa gabas, yana rasa tsawo da sauri, zuwa saman babban ambaliyar ruwa na kwarin Ulanga. Filin ambaliyar ya mamaye ƙasa mai laushi na kwarin Ulanga a 210-250 m.a.s.l. Kwarin yana fuskantar kudu maso yammacin arewa maso gabas, tsakanin tsaunuka masu yawa a cikin Dutsen Udzungwa, wanda ya kai mita 2,250 sama da kwarin (7°47′0′′S 36°36′0′′E / 7.78333°S 36.60000°E / -7.78333333333; 36.600000000000), a gefen arewa maso yamma da Dutsen Mahenge/ 36.65′75000′′E). Ruhudji yana karɓar mahimman ruwa da yawa sannan ya rabu a kan ambaliyar ruwa zuwa tashoshi da yawa, waɗanda ke samar da cibiyar sadarwa a tsakiyar ambaliyar. Sauran masu wadata da ke zubar da duwatsu a bangarorin da ke adawa da kwarin sun shiga hanyar sadarwa don a tsakiyar akwai manyan tashoshi goma da ke gudana kusan a layi daya. Yankin tafkuna na dindindin, mai tsawon kilomita 45, ya kai kilomita 4 daga yammacin Kogin Kihansi. An yi madatsar ruwa a cikin kogin da ke sama da Kihansi Gorge a shekarar 1995. Yankunan kudancin tsakiyar ambaliyar ruwa sun sauka da mita 40 a kan nisan kilomita 210. A Ifakara kwarin ya ragu ya zama kusan kilomita 4 kuma koguna sun haɗu cikin babban rafin Kogin Ulanga. Gabashin Ifakara Ulanga yana gudana ta hanyar delta na tabkuna na oxbow kuma an haɗa shi a gefen hagu ta Kogin Msolwa. Wannan rafi ya fito ne daga tsaunuka masu tsawo na Udzungwas kuma yana ratsa arewacin yankin ambaliyar ruwa, yana kewaye da wani yanki na dindindin zuwa yamma. Daga wurin haɗuwa Kogin Ulanga yana juyawa sosai kudu maso gabas kuma yana barin filin ambaliyar ruwa (da Ramsar Site) a kan iyakar Selous Game Reserve. Kogin Ulanga ya ci gaba da kilomita 65 don haɗuwa da Luwegu inda suka haɗu a Shuguli Falls don zama Kogin Rufiji. Rufiji sa'an nan kuma yana gudana zuwa arewa maso gabas ta hanyar Selous Game Reserve a kan hanyarsa zuwa Tekun Indiya.[2]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun daga shekarar 1885, Karl Peters ya fara mallakar yankunan Gabashin Afirka ga Jamus. Gabar tekun Tanganyikan ta kasance mai sauƙi, amma mamaye yankunan cikin ƙasar mulkin mallaka har zuwa Kongo ta Belgium ya fi wahala domin har yanzu ba a gano manyan sassa ba. Saboda wannan dalili, Gwamna Gustav Adolf von Götzen ya jagoranci wani balaguro don mallakar waɗannan yankunan. Ya tafi da Georg von Prittwitz da Hermann Kersting.[3][4][5]
An fara binciken Kogin Ulanga da magudanar ruwansa na Kihansi a shekarar 1897-98 ta hannun von Prittwitz a yunƙurin tantance ko kogin biyu zai iya samun hanyar ruwa mai tafiya daga bakin teku zuwa yankin tsaunuka na Uhehe. Daga Perondo von Prittwitz ya yi tafiya da Kihansi a cikin kwale-kwale, yana tabbatar da cewa Kihansi yana da wahalar tafiya saboda yawan lanƙwasa masu kaifi tare da ƙaramin tashar da dorinar ruwa ke toshewa. Ulanga mai faɗi da lanƙwasa mai santsi yana da sauƙin tafiya da jirgin ruwa mai sauƙin shaƙa.[6]
Siyasa da tattalin arziki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kogin Ulanga ya samar da iyaka tsakanin gundumar Ulanga da gundumar Kilombero ta yankin Morogoro a kudu maso gabashin Tanzania.
Yawancin mazauna ƙauyen da ke kwarin Ulanga manoma ne na masara da shinkafa, kodayake da yawa suna kamun kifi. Akwai manyan gonakin itacen teak a kwarin Ulanga. A arewa maso yammacin gundumar, gonakin kamfanin sukari na Illovo sun mamaye mafi yawan yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.
Namun daji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwarin Ulanga yana da yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar barewa, giwa, dorinar ruwa, zaki, da puku. Yawancin barewa na puku a duniya suna zaune ne a kwarin Ulanga. Kwarin yana gida ga ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan mutane na kada na Nilu a Afirka kuma wuri ne mai mahimmanci na kiwo ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye kamar su openbill na Afirka, lapwing mai kai fari, da kuma skimmer na Afirka.[1][7][8][9][10][11][12] Kwarin yana da nau'ikan halittu da yawa da ake samu a can kawai, kamar biri Udzungwa red colobus da nau'ikan tsuntsaye uku, Ulanga weaver da nau'ikan cisticolas guda biyu da ba a bayyana su ba. [1]
Kogin yana ɗauke da nau'ikan kifaye 23 waɗanda ake kamawa akai-akai, ciki har da nau'ikan kifaye uku da ba a samu a ƙasan Rufiji ba: Alestes stuhlmannii da nau'ikan Citharinus congicus guda biyu. Kifi daga tsarin kogin Rufiji suna ƙaura zuwa sama zuwa Ulanga don yin haihu, yawanci a farkon ruwan sama a watan Nuwamba tare da yawan haihuwa a watan Disamba.
Nassoshin al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jirgin ruwan da aka yi wa lakabi da "The African Queen" a cikin littafin CS Forester mai suna "The African Queen" (1935) da kuma fim ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi daga baya (1951) wani jirgin ruwa ne mai amfani da tururi, mallakar wani kamfanin haƙar ma'adinai na Belgium, wanda ya ratsa saman Kogin Ulanga.
Mai zane-zanen dabbobi na Jamus Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert ya nuna kogin a cikin zanensa na 1898 mai suna The Gallery of Trees River Ulanga.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Gadar Kilombero
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 "Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands" (PDF). Dar es Salaam: United Republic of Tanzania, Director of Wildlife, Wildlife Division, Ministry of Natural resources and Tourism. 2002-06-19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2010-05-15. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Ramsar" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Andreas Wildner; et al. "Rufiji River". Retrieved 2010-05-14.
- ↑ Gustav Adolf von Götzen (1895). Durch Afrika von Ost nach West. Berlin: D. Reimer. p. 1.
Gustav Adolf von Götzen.
- ↑ Deutsch-Ostafrika im Aufstand 1905/06. Berlin. 1909.
- ↑ Reinhart Bindseil (1992). Ruanda im Lebensbild des Offiziers, Afrikaforschers und Kaiserlichen Gouverneurs Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen (1866—1910). Mit einem Abriss über die zeitgenössischen Forschungsreisenden Franz Stuhlmann, Oscar Baumann, Richard Kandt, Adolf Friedrich Herzog zu Mecklenburg und Hans Meyer. Berlin. ISBN 3-496-00427-4.
- ↑ Royal Geographical Society of Great Britain (1899). The Geographical journal, Volume 13. London: Royal Geographical Society. pp. 660–661.
- ↑ Games I., & Severre E. L. M., 1999, Tanzanian crocodile survey, October 1999, A report to the Director of Wildlife, Tanzania
- ↑ Dinesen, L., Lehmberg, T., Rahner, M. & Fjeldsa, J. 2001. Conservation priorities for the forests of the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, based on primates, duikers and birds. Biological Conservation 99:223-236.
- ↑ Stattersfield, A. J., Crowby, M.J., long, A. J., Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the World. Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge UK. Tanzania Country Study on Biological Diversity 1998. Sponsored by UNEP, GEF, NORAD. Government of the United Republic of Tanzania, Vice Presidents Office.
- ↑ Baker, N. 1996. Tanzania Waterbird Count - The first coordinated count on the major wetlands of Tanzania. For Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania/BirdLife Tanzania.
- ↑ Jenkins, R, Roettcher, K, Corti, G & Fanning, E, 2000b, The Ulanga River Fishery, Annual Report, unpublished, Frontier Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- ↑ Rainey, H., Birnie, N., Cameron, A., Mwangomo, E., Starkey, M. 2000. Bird Survey in Ulanga Valley in 1997. Unpublished report.