Kogon Corycian
| Kogon Corycian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Suna bayan |
Corycia (en)  |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 38°30′54″N 22°31′14″E / 38.515°N 22.520555555556°E |
| Bangare na |
Greek mythology (en) |
| Kasa | Greek |
| Territory |
Delfi Municipality (en) da Distomo-Arachova-Antikyra Municipality (en) |
Kogon Corycian / / kə ˈrɪʃən / ; Greek : Greek ) yana tsakiyar Girka a kan gangaren kudancin Dutsen Parnassus, a cikin National Park na Parnassus, wanda ke arewacin Delphi . Kogon Corycian ya kasance wuri mai tsarki tun zamanin Neolithic, kuma sunansa ya fito ne daga ruhohin dabi'ar tatsuniyoyi na Corycian nymphs, waɗanda aka kwatanta da kama da kyawawan 'yan mata kuma an ce suna zaune a cikin kogon. More musamman ana kiransa bayan nymph Corycia ; duk da haka, sunanta na asali ya samo asali daga korykos, "knapsack". Sunan zamani na kogon a cikin wasu nassoshi shine Sarantavli, ma'ana "dakuna arba'in" saboda kogon yana da kogo masu yawa waɗanda ke zurfafa cikin Mt. Parnassus. An yi amfani da kogon Corycian da farko a matsayin wurin bauta ga Pan, allahn daji, da kuma Corycian nymphs, Zeus, kuma ana tunanin shine gidan al'ada na Dionysus .
A yau, kogon Corycian sanannen wurin yawon bude ido ne ga waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa Delphi. Masu yawon bude ido sukan wuce kogon Corycian yayin da suke tafiya a kan tsaffin hanyoyi sama da tsaunin Parnassus don samun hangen nesa mai zurfi game da yanayin kwarin Livadi da ke ƙasa.
A zamanin yau, kogon ya kasance wurin mafaka ga jama'ar da ke kewaye a lokacin mamayewar kasashen waje misali daga Farisawa ( Herodotus, 8.36) a karni na 5 BC, Turkawa a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kai na Girka, da kuma daga Jamusawa a 1943.
Wuri da labarin kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Geography na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar marubuci Jeremy McInerney, "Delphi da Mt.Parnassus sun zama, ta hanyar tatsuniya da al'ada, wuri mai faɗi wanda za a iya ba da labari, tsarawa, da tsarawa". Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin al'ada da kuma a cikin hotuna inda aka raba Mt.Parnassus a cikin yankunan daji mai tsanani a kololuwarsa da bambanci da filin da ke ƙasa wanda aka yi amfani da shi don noma, kuma a tsakiyar wannan, kamar yadda McInerney ya ce, "... motsi mai zurfi daga hargitsi don yin oda ..." [1] shine Kogon Corycian. Saboda yanayin yanayinsa, ga tsoffin Helenawa kogon Corycian shine mai raba tsakanin jeji da al'adu. Yana wakiltar wani wuri a waje da Wuri Mai Tsarki na Delphi da ke ƙasa amma ba a tsaunin tsaunuka masu haɗari ba, wurin da don dalilai na tatsuniyoyi, "... inda alloli suka mallaki nymphs da kuma horar da su..." [1]
Kogon Corycian yana zaune a tsayin mita 1,250 sama da matakin teku. Hawan kogon Corycian daga tudun da ke ƙasa ya kasance mai tudu da dutse, yana hawan tsayin mita 1,000 a ƙasa da rabin kilomita.
Geography na ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kogon Corycian shine kogon mafi girma a yankin Delphi. [2] Wasu tsofaffin litattafai sun kwatanta kogon Corycian kamar yadda yake a ciki, "... wani babban bakin ciki na oval tare da manyan ganuwar dutse, inda mafi kyawun saffron ya girma; an cika shi da wani wuri mai dadi, inuwa mai duhu ... kuma a kasa akwai wani kogon karkashin kasa." [3] Ana tunanin cewa an kafa kogon ne bayan rugujewar wani tsohon tsarin kogon, mai yiyuwa ne sakamakon girgizar kasa. [3] Abubuwan da ke cikin Kogon Corycian da kansa ya ƙunshi dutsen farar ƙasa da schist plaques-kamar yadda aka saba da yawancin kogo a cikin yankin Delphi. Tsarin Kogon Corycian ya ƙunshi kogon tsakiya guda biyu sannan kuma yana ƙara kunkuntar yayin da yake ƙara zurfi. [2] Tsawo da faɗin ɗakin farko yana da kusan mita 90x60 kuma tsayin ya kai kusan mita 50. Har ila yau ɗakin yana cike da stalactites da stalagmites da aka yi daga farar ƙasa. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun stalagmite musamman wanda aka fi sani da Tebur yana da babban babba, saman lebur wanda aka yi amfani da wurin ajiyar kuɗi don masu bauta. [2]
Binciken kogo da ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An samo kayan tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
An hako kogon Corycian a cikin 1969 da ɗan kishin addinin Faransa Pierre Amandry da tawagarsa daga Makarantar Faransa ta Athens. A yayin tonowar sun gano kayayyakin tarihi da tasoshin da masu ibada na da suka bari. Mafi yawan abubuwan da aka gano an yi su ne daga kasusuwan dabbobi. Wannan ya haɗa da astragals 22,000, waɗanda galibi daga tumaki da awaki ne, waɗanda aka yi da talus, babban ƙashi da ke fitowa daga idon sawun. An yi imanin cewa an yi amfani da astragals da farko a wasannin kwatsam, kwatankwacin dice na zamani. Daga cikin 22,000 da aka gano, an gano 2,500 da gangan da gangan aka huda su ta yadda zaren fata ya bi ta cikin su don yin abin wuya (36 an sanya su cikin gubar da 2 a cikin zinariya). Har ila yau, a cikin kogon Corycian, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano zoben zobe iri-iri, da siffofi na tagulla, da tukwane, da abubuwa masu ƙarfe, da kuma kayan aikin iska da dama kamar auloi.
Ko da yake akwai wasu lokuta a cikin kogon da aka samu zinari, amma tasoshin da aka fi samu su ne na kashin barewa, tumaki, da akuya. Kayayyakin kayan tarihi da aka samu a kogon Corycian na nuni da cewa galibin masu ibadar makiyaya ne, makiyaya, da mafarauta saboda rashin wasu kyaututtuka masu tsada da aka bari a kogon.
A matsayin wuri mai tsarki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin amfani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shaidar farko ta zama ɗan adam a cikin Kogon Corycian ya koma zamanin Neolithic-kusan shekaru 4000 KZ. [4] An yi amfani da kogon Corycian a kashe kuma a kan tsawon tarihin maimakon ci gaba. Wasu daga cikin farkon shaidar bauta a Kogon Corycian daga mafarauta da makiyaya ne a lokacin Neolithic na gaba. A lokacin Yaƙin Girka da Farisa (499-448 KZ), mazaunan Delphi na d ¯ a sun yi amfani da kogon Corycian a matsayin wurin buya daga mahara Farisa. [5]
Alkaluman masu bauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shaidun archaeological daga Kogon Corycian sun nuna cewa yawancin masu ibada sun kasance masu tawali'u, talakawa maimakon masu arziki ko masu iko. [7] Yawancin masu bauta a Kogon Corycian ana tsammanin makiyaya ne ko mafarauta waɗanda suka rayu kuma suka yi aiki a kusa da Dutsen Parnassus. [8] Akwai kuma shaidar mata da yara suna yin ibada a Kogon Corycian. Kogon Corycian kuma ya shahara a tsakanin masu bautar da ke cikin al'adun Pan saboda alaƙar tatsuniyar kogon tare da allahn. Yawancin kuri'un da masu bauta suka bari a cikin Kogon Corycian an yi su ne da yumbu ko kashi. [8] Babban birni na d ¯ a Delphi yana kusa da kusanci da Kogon Corycian. A sakamakon haka, waɗanda suka yi tafiya daga wasu wurare don ganin abubuwan tarihi na Delphi za su tsaya a wani lokaci a Kogon Corycian kuma su bar ƴan ƴan takara. [8]
Kwarewar masu bauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsohon masanin ilimin kasa Pomponius Mela ya yi nuni da kwarewarsa a Kogon Corycian a cikin rubuce-rubucensa. Wani labarin da George C. Boon ya yi game da aikin Mela ya karanta, "'Yana tsoratar da waɗanda ke shiga ta hanyar sautin kuge masu adawa da hukumar allahntaka kuma tare da babban din ... A cikin ciki akwai sarari mafi girma fiye da kowa ya yi ƙoƙari ya haye, yana da ban tsoro, kuma a kan wannan ba a sani ba.' " [9] Aikin Mela, kamar yadda Boon ya yi nuni, ya nuna cewa masu bautar da ke ziyartar Kogon Corycian na iya jin tsoro saboda ƙarar ƙara, duhu, da sararin sararin samaniya. [9] Masu bauta kuma za su ga ruwa yana digowa daga rufin kuma yana fita daga ƙasa, wanda ya ba Corycian Cave haske a wuraren da haske ya kasance. [10] Masu bauta na d ¯ a sun kuma yi imani cewa wani kogon ciki na Kogon Corycian shine gidan dodo na tatsuniyoyi na Typhon. Wani wurin ibada na Poseidon yana kusa da kofar shiga lakar Typhon, kuma masu ibada suna jin cewa hakan zai hana dodo tserewa da yin barna. [9] Baya ga jin tsoro, Mela ta kuma bayyana Corycian Cave a matsayin mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Akwai kuma rahotannin da ake ganin hayaki na fitowa daga kogon Corycian, wanda ya sa masu ibada suka yi imani cewa kogon na da wasu gumaka. [9]
A zamanin d Girkanci kafofin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zamanin d ¯ a, an yi amfani da kogon Corycian a matsayin wuri mai tsarki tun aƙalla 4000 KZ [4] Kogon Corycian kuma ya bayyana a wasu tsoffin tushen Girka: Strabo, a cikin Geography, ya rubuta cewa:
On the way from Delphi to the summit of Parnassus, about sixty stades distant from Delphi, there is a bronze image. The ascent to the Corycian cave is easier for an active walker than it is for mules or horses. I mentioned a little earlier in my narrative that this cave was named after a nymph called Corycia, and of all the caves I have ever seen this seemed to me the best worth seeing.... But the Corycian cave exceeds in size those I have mentioned, and it is possible to make one's way through the greater part of it even without lights. The roof stands at a sufficient height from the floor, and water, rising in part from springs but still more dripping from the roof, has made clearly visible the marks of drops on the floor throughout the cave. The dwellers around Parnassus believe it to be sacred to the Corycian nymphs, and especially to Pan. (10.32.2–7)
A cikin tatsuniyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Corycian nymphs
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_-_Nymphs_and_Satyr_(1873).jpg)
Corycian nymphs rukuni ne na tatsuniyoyi na 'yan'uwa mata uku waɗanda ke zaune a Dutsen Parnassus, kuma su ne 'ya'yan Pleistus-allahn kogi. Corycian nymphs sune Corycia, Melaina, da Kleodora. An san Corycia da kasancewa mai suna Corycian Cave, kuma an ce tana da ɗa, mai suna Lycorus, tare da allahn Apollo. Wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa Melaina ta haifi ɗaya daga cikin ’ya’yan Apollo mai suna Delphos—wanda aka ce ana kiran sunan birnin Delphi. An san Kleodora don ɗaukar ɗanta, Parnassus, tare da allahn Poseidon. An ce Parnassus shine sunan Dutsen Parnassus. [11] A zamanin da, akwai al'adar bautar nymphs a cikin kogo waɗanda ke da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na halitta, kuma ana bautar da nymphs na Corycian a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan al'ada. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin nymphs na Corycian ana danganta su da Apollo. Lokacin da Apollo ya kashe Delphyne (wani dodo) kusa da Dutsen Parnassus, an ce Corycian nymphs sun yi ihu don su goyi bayan allah kuma su ba shi ƙarfi. [7] Taimakawa ta hanyar ceton Corycian Nymphs a lokacin yakinsa da Delphyne, Apollo ya sami damar samun ikon duba. [2]
Pan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan yakin Marathon (490) Pan ya maye gurbin Hamisa a matsayin allahn da ya fi hade da nymphs-ciki har da Corycian Nymphs a Corycian Cave. [7] Saboda wannan ƙungiyar, Pan ya zama abin bauta akai-akai a Kogon Corycian. [7] Wadanda suka zauna kusa da Dutsen Parnassus sun ɗauki Pan a matsayin mai kula da Kogon Corycian. [11] Yawancin waɗanda suka rayu kuma suka yi aiki a kusa da Dutsen Parnassus sun kasance mafarauta ko makiyaya, kuma Pan yana da alaƙa da waɗannan sana'o'in. [8] Yawancin kuri'a da kayan tarihi da aka samo a cikin Kogon Corycian ana iya ɗaure su da al'adar Pan. [3] Akwai kuma shaida na almara na bauta ga Pan, kamar yadda aka ambace shi a cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka sassaƙa a ɗaya daga cikin Ganuwar a cikin Kogon Corycian. [12] Har ila yau, Pan yana cikin wani tsohon al'ada wanda makiyayi zai yi ado kamar Pan kuma ya farautar kifi, kuma daga baya za a yanka kifin ga Pan bayan an kama su. Wannan al'ada yana da alaƙa da shigar Pan a cikin yaƙin tatsuniya tsakanin Zeus da Typhon - wanda ya ƙare a lokacin da aka kore Typhon zuwa Kogon Corycian. [12]
Zeus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kogon Corycian yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaƙin tatsuniya tsakanin Zeus da Typhon. Typhon wani dabba ne mai tatsuniyoyi, haifaffen Duniya da Tartarus kuma ya yi yaƙi da alloli, musamman Zeus. A lokacin yakinsu, Zeus da Typhon sun yi yaƙi da baya, Zeus ya jefa walƙiya, ya ji rauni Typhon. Duk da haka, Typhon kuma ya ji wa Zeus rauni kuma ya iya kawo shi, ya ɗaure shi a cikin Kogon Corycian. Typhon ta sami kariya daga kogon da dragon Delphyne. Duk da haka, Hamisa da Aegipan sun sami damar 'yantar da Zeus kuma ya ci gaba da cin nasara akan Typhon. Kogon Corycian ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaƙe-yaƙe na tatsuniyoyi na Girka da alloli, kuma domin an ce Zeus an ɗaure shi a cikin kogon, shi ma a can ake bauta masa. [13]
Dionysus
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yayin da haɗin kai da Corycian nymphs da Pan suna da kyau kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin rubutun tara da aka samo a cikin kogon da Pausanias, haɗin kai da Dionysus ba shi da kyau. Ɗaya daga cikin rubutun, wanda yanayin yanayi ya lalace sosai, da alama yana cewa Thyiades sun halarci bukukuwa a Kogon Corycian. Har ila yau, idan aka kalli aikin Aeschylus, Eumenides, da alama akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa da aka kafa tsakanin Dionysus da Kogon Corycian. [14] Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Jagorar Pausanias zuwa Girka, lokacin da yake magana game da wurin da kogon Corycian yake, Pausanias ya ci gaba da kwatanta tsayin Dutsen Parnassus kuma ya bayyana wa mai karatu cewa Thyiades ya yi farin ciki a can. [15] Duk da raƙuman daji da ke faruwa a saman dutsen sabanin kogon, ana iya ganin kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin kewayen kogon Corycian da Cult of Dionysus. Ƙarin shaida game da alaƙa tsakanin Dionysus da Kogon Corycian ya samo asali ne daga Pan ana yawan nuna su a cikin al'amuran tare da Dionysus, yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin alloli biyu. [16]
A ƙarshe, ana tunanin cewa Kogon Corycian shine wurin zama na Dionysus, kamar yadda mazaunin Apollo yake Delphi. A lokacin hunturu, lokacin da Apollo ya bar Delphi, Dionysus ya sauko daga kogon kuma ya mamaye wurin Apollo a Delphi. Wannan tsarin miƙa mulki ya ƙunshi ƴan matan Delphi (wanda ake zaton su Thyiades) aka aika zuwa kogon sannan su taimaka wajen raka allahn zuwa cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki da kuma girmama Dionysus a cikin Haikali na Apollo.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wright, John Henry (1906). "The Origin of Plato's Cave". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 17: 131–142. doi:10.2307/310313. JSTOR 310313. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Parnassus and the Corycian Cave - Archaeological Site of Delphi" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-02. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":22" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Boon, George C. (1976). "Clement of Alexandria, Wookey Hole, and the Corycian Cave" (PDF). Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. 14: 131–140. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":13" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Liritzis, Ioannis; Aravantinos, Vassilios; Polymeris, George S.; Zacharias, Nikolaos; Fappas, Ioannis; Agiamarniotis, George; Sfampa, Ioanna K.; Vafiadou, Asimina; Kitis, George (2015-04-01). "Witnessing prehistoric Delphi by luminescence dating". Comptes Rendus Palevol (in Turanci). 14 (3): 219–232. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.007. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Liritzis 219–232" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMcInerney pp 263–283 - ↑ "Parnassus and the Corycian Cave - Archaeological Site of Delphi" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Larson, Jennifer (1995). "The Corycian nymphs and the bee maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes". Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. 36: 341–357 – via Duke University Libraries. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":02" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Volioti, Katerina (2011-10-30). "Travel tokens to the Korykian Cave near Delphi: Perspectives from material and human mobility". Pallas (in Turanci). 86 (86): 263–285. doi:10.4000/pallas.2188.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Boon, George C. (1976). "Clement of Alexandria, Wookey Hole, and the Corycian Cave" (PDF). Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelæological Society. 14: 131–140.
- ↑ Bowe, Patrick (2013–2014). "The garden grotto: its origin in the ancient Greek perception of the natural cave". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 33 (2): 128. doi:10.1080/14601176.2013.807077. S2CID 161376375.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "CORYCIAN NYMPHS (Nymphai Korykiai) - Delphian Naiad Nymphs of Greek Mythology". www.theoi.com. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lytle, Ephraim (2011). "The Strange Love of the Fish and the Goat: Regional Contexts and Rough Cilician Religion in Oppian's "Halieutica" 4.308-73". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 141 (2): 333–386. doi:10.1353/apa.2011.0010. JSTOR 41289748. S2CID 162268311.
- ↑ "APOLLODORUS, THE LIBRARY BOOK 1 - Theoi Classical Texts Library". www.theoi.com. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMcInerney p 278 - ↑ Pausanias. "Pausanias: 10.32-38". Theoi Classical Texts Library. Theoi Classical Texts Library.
- ↑ "Pan-Greek God of Shepherds, Hunters, and the Wilds". Theoi Classical Texts Library. Theoi Classical Texts Library.