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Koguna na Meghalaya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Koguna na Meghalaya
cave system (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙasa Indiya
Wuri
ƘasaIndiya
Jihar IndiyaMeghalaya
Balaguron kogo a Meghalaya
Kogon Mawsmai kusa da Cherrapunji, kogon rijiyar [1]

Caves na Meghalaya sun ƙunshi kogo masu yawa a cikin Jaintia, Khasi Hills, da Garo Hills a cikin jihar Meghalaya ta Indiya, kuma suna cikin kogo mafi tsayi a duniya. Daga cikin kogo goma mafi tsayi da zurfi a Indiya, tara na farko suna Meghalaya, yayin da na goma yana cikin Mizoram . Mafi tsayi shine Krem Liat Prah a cikin Jaintia Hills, wanda shine 30,957 metres (101,565 ft) dogon. [1] [2] Kalmar "Krem" tana nufin kogo a yaren Khasi na gida . [3]

Binciken Kogon Meghalaya a halin yanzu ana gudanar da shi don ayyukan kimiyya da na nishaɗi, kuma har yanzu akwai wasu kogwanni da yawa da ba a bincika ba kuma a cikin jihar. [4] Tafiya na kogo na shekara-shekara wanda Meghalaya Adventurers Association (MAA) ta shirya ana kiranta da "Caving in the Abode of the Clouds Project". [4] [5] Saboda an samo asali ne a cikin gine-ginen dutse, kogon yana ci gaba da fuskantar barazana daga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. [3]

Tarihi

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A cewar jaridar Bengal Gazette, Krem Mawmluh shine kogo [6] da wani batu na Biritaniya, Lt. Yule, ya bincika a cikin 1844 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) an bincika kuma an gano nau'ikan rayuwar kogo guda huɗu. [2] Bayan lokacin Raj na Burtaniya an sami babban sha'awa a cikin kogo a matsayin wasan kasada a cikin jihar. Tun daga 1990s, wata kungiya ta musamman da aka sani da Meghalaya Adventurers Association (MAA) (wanda ke Shillong ) yana gudanar da bincike na shekara-shekara tare da masu ilimin kimiyya na Turai, cavers daga Indiya, masana daga sauran yankuna na duniya, Sojojin Indiya da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na Indiya, [4] [7] suna kawo haske da yawa a cikin yankunan da aka fi sani da kar a cikin ƙasa. [7]

Lambobi da girman kogo

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Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2015, an gano kogo da wuraren kogo guda 1,580 a Meghalaya, daga cikinsu an bincika kogo 980 gaba daya ko wani bangare, tsawon tsawon 427 kilometres (265 mi) kogon bincike. Tare da binciken tsawon 30,957 metres (101,565 ft), Krem Liat Prah a Jaintia Hills shine kogo mafi tsayi a Meghalaya, da Indiya, kuma an jera shi cikin kogo mafi tsayi a duniya. [2] [8] Krem Liat Prah ya ƙunshi wani katon nassi mai suna "Aircraft Hangar." [1] Tun lokacin da aka kafa MAA a cikin 1994, kogon da aka bincika yana da kusan kusan 5% na jimlar hanyoyin karkashin kasa a cikin jihar Meghalaya. [9]

Kiyayewa

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Ma'adinan farar ƙasa don masana'antar siminti babbar barazana ce ga kogon Meghalaya, [3] yana haifar da babban rushewar kogon Krem Mawmluh, kogo na bakwai mafi tsayi a jihar Meghalaya . "Kogon-in" ya kara wayar da kan jama'a game da yuwuwar barazanar wuraren hakar ma'adinai ga arziƙin kimiyya, yawon shakatawa da al'adun gargajiya. Masana kimiyyar halittu da masu nazarin halittu sun matsa wa gwamnatin Meghalaya lamba da ta dauki kwararan matakai na dakatar da aikin hakar farar fata a kusa da kogon dutsen da ke cikin jihar. [3] A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, an shirya wani kamfanin siminti kusa da kogon Siju (wanda ake kira Bat Cave), kusa da wurin shakatawa na Balphakram a cikin tudun Garo. Wannan aikin ya haifar da adawa mai karfi daga al'ummar yankin, wanda masana kimiyya na duniya suka goyi bayansa, saboda kogon yana dauke da nau'in jemagu da yawa. Bayan an matsa lamba ga jama'a, a karshe ma'aikatar muhalli da gandun daji ta hana izinin gudanar da aikin.

Jerin kogo ashirin mafi tsayi a Meghalaya

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System Length Location Formation Remarks
Krem Liat Prah 30,957 metres (101,565 ft)[2][8] Jaintia Hills Limestone In the Shnongrim Ridge. Huge trunk passage called the Aircraft Hangar. Longest cave in the Indian Subcontinent.[1]
  • Krem KotSati
  • Kotsati – Umlawan Cave System
 21,530 metres (70,640 ft)[2] Lumshnong village, Jaintia Hills Limestone 24 entrances, both horizontal and vertical. Needs to swim to enter the caves[1]
  • Krem Tyngheng
  • Diengjem
 21,250 metres (69,720 ft)[2] Jaintia Hills Limestone Near Sammasi village. many side passages and very impressive.[2]
  • Krem Umthloo-Synrang Labbit
  • Synrang-Pamiang
 18,181 metres (59,649 ft)[2] Chiehruphi village, on NH 44, Jaintia Hills Limestone Dendritic pattern of stream cave passage. Many entrances. "Titanic Hall" chamber with coloured formations in orange, red, black, grey, blue, green and white.[1]
  • Krem Chympe
  • Piel Khlieng Pouk
 12,434 metres (40,794 ft) From village Khaddum to Sielkan, Jaintia Hills Limestone A river cave. 50 natural dams or gours, 6–8 metres (20–26 ft) high. Large colony of bats.[1]
  • Krem Shrieh
  • Tangnub
 8,862 metres (29,075 ft)[1] Tangnub village, Jaintia Hills Limestone Also known as Very large vertical entrance shaft of 97 metres (318 ft) depth leads to fine stream passage and plethora of high fossil passages.[1]
Krem Tyngheng 8,671 metres (28,448 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
7,194 metres (23,602 ft)[10] Khasi Hills Limestone Filled with water needs wading, ceiling is 2.5 feet (0.76 m), formations of stalactite, stalagmite, and rock fossils. Also large number of bats.[11] A speleothem in Mawmluh Cave indicates a dramatic worldwide climate event around 2250 BC, and has been selected by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as the boundary stratotype of the Meghalayan stage/age of the late Holocene.
  • Krem Lymput
  • Nongjri
 6,641 metres (21,788 ft)[10] Nongjri village, Khasi Hills Limestone Attraction is from a small entrance leads to 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) passage called "Way to Heaven," and further to a Mughal Room (more than 25 metres (82 ft) wide, 25 metres (82 ft) high, and 75 metres (246 ft) long).[1]
Krem Rongdangngai Mondil Kol 5,831 metres (19,131 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
  • Krem Shyrong Labbit
  • Shyieng Khlieh
 5,715 metres (18,750 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
Tetengkil Balwakol 5,681 metres (18,638 ft)[10] Nengkhong village, Garo Hills Limestone two circular entrances of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) dia expanding to walking height passages with dendric river flow.[1]
Krem Umsynrang 5,612 metres (18,412 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
4,772 metres (15,656 ft)[10] Siju village, Garo Hills Limestone It is in the vertical side of the Simsang River. Also known as "bat cave". Has attractive stalagmites and stalactites. It has a Di's chamber.[1] The cave has been extensively researched and is well known.
Krem Risang 4,565 metres (14,977 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
Krem Synrang Ngap 4,172 metres (13,688 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone Initial reaches consist of calcite bosses to reach a major junction leading to an inlet tunnel converging to a smaller section of passage beyond which are potholed galleries with cave pearl-like sandstone pebbles in the floor[12]
Krem Synrang Labbit 3,933 metres (12,904 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
Krem Wah Ryngo – Khongrang 3,416 metres (11,207 ft)[10] Jaintia Hills Limestone
Krem Iawe 3,398 metres (11,148 ft)[10] Shnongrim-Tangnub Ridge, Jaintia Hills Limestone Daylight lit very wide pothole entrance. A number of attractive fossil passages.[1]
Krem Mawshun 3,339 metres (10,955 ft)[10] Near church Lelad, Khasi Hills Limestone Dendritic master river cave. Has many decorated high level passages.[1]

IUGS Geological Heritage Site

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Dangane da Krem Mawmluh Cave site kasancewar 'GSSP na ƙaramin yanki na sikelin lokacin geologic da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi mai ban mamaki tare da tasiri kan wayewar ɗan adam' Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Duniya (IUGS)" ta haɗa da 'GSSP na Meghalayan Stage a cikin Mawmluh Cave' a cikin taronta na Oktoba 100 a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya. 2022. Ƙungiyar ta bayyana wani 'IUGS Geological Heritage Site' a matsayin 'mahimmin wuri tare da abubuwan ilimin geological da / ko matakai na dacewa da kimiyya na kasa da kasa, da aka yi amfani da su azaman tunani, da / ko tare da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa ta tarihi.' [13]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Caves". Tourism Department, Government of Meghalaya. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Tour" defined multiple times with different content
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Daly 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Cave-in proves ecologists right- Limestone mining causes part of India's seventh longest cave to collapse". The Telegraph India. 28 April 2008. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 "What is Caving". Adventure & Nature Network Pvt. Ltd. Archived from the original on 2015-07-04.
  5. ↑ "Exploration 2000: Caving in the Abode of the Clouds Project". Indian caving Organization.
  6. ↑ "The biodiversity of Krem Mawkhyrdop of Meghalaya, India, on the verge of extinction" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-27. Retrieved 2025-08-12.
  7. 1 2 "Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Caves in Meghalaya, India" (PDF). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2025-08-12.
  8. 1 2 "Worlds Longest Caves". caverbob.com. 4 June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  9. ↑ "Longest/Deepest Limestone Caves of Indian Subcontinent" (PDF). Ambient Science. 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Feb
  11. ↑ "Caving for beginners – Meghalaya". The Outdoor Journal. 20 August 2013.[permanent dead link]
  12. ↑ "Meghalaya". Bristol Exploration Club.
  13. ↑ "The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites" (PDF). IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage. IUGS. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
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