Konstantinos Psachos

Konstantinos Psachos (Girkanci; 18 ga Mayu, 1869 - 9 ga Yuli, 1949) masanin Girka ne, malami, mawaƙi, mawaƙi da masanin kiɗa.

Tarihin rayuwa

An haife shi a ƙauyen Mega Revma kusa da Constantinople a 1869. Shi ɗan Irene-Erifylli ne da Alexander Psachos, wanda ya fito ne daga Cephalonia.

Bayan 'yan shekaru sai ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Constantinople a matsayin mai girma. A cikin Babban Seminary, Psachos ya kammala ilimin zagaye kuma malamin da ke da alhakin kuma mai kula da makarantar, Archimandrite Theodore Matzouranis ya koyar da waka.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1887, ya zama cantor (domestikos) a Cocin Transfiguration a Galata, yana aiki a can har zuwa shekara ta 1891. A shekara ta 1892, ya zama babban jami'in a asibitin Girka na Saint Charalampos na Smyrna . Ya koma Constantinople kuma a cikin 1895 an nada shi a matsayin archcantor a Metochion na Kabari Mai Tsarki, inda aka ba shi damar yin nazarin rubuce-rubuce da yawa a cikin ɗakin karatu na Metochion.

Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami na harshen Girkanci da addini a makarantu daban-daban, kamar Makarantar 'yan mata a Metochion, inda aka nada shi a shekara ta 1896.[1] A shekara ta 1898, ya taimaka wajen kafa "Ecclesiastical Music Association of Constantinople", wanda ya kasance sakatare na musamman kuma inda ya yi aiki sosai har zuwa 1902, lokacin da ya yi murabus. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin archcantor a majami'u na Saint Theodore na Vlanga (1901 zuwa 1903) da Saint Nicholas na Galata (1903 zuwa 1904). [2]

Rayuwa a Athens

A farkon karni na 20, Theocletus, Babban bishop na Athens, da George Nazos, darektan Athens Conservatory, sun yanke shawarar kafa makarantar kiɗa ta Byzantine kuma sun rubuta wa Patriarchate na Constantinople, suna neman shawarwari ga darektan farko na makarantar. Patriarch Anthimus VII ya amsa bukatarsu ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa Konstantinos Psachos mutum ne mai dacewa ga wannan mukamin. A cikin 1904, bisa umarnin Sarki George I na Girka, jirgin yaki da ke tafiya zuwa Constantinople ya ɗauki Psachos zuwa Athens, inda ya isa a watan Satumbar 1904. A ranar 23 ga Satumba 1904 Makarantar ta fara aiki.

A ranar 4 ga Satumba 1905 ya auri Evanthia Amerikanou daga Smyrna . A cikin 1919, ya yi rikici da Darakta na Conservatory na Athens, kuma ya bar makarantar, tare da Manolis Kalomiris . A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1919, ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa ta Kasa a Athens.

Matar farko ta Psachos ta mutu a 1922. Ya auri matarsa ta biyu, Amalia Armao, a watan Disamba 1932 a Delphi .

Ayyukan kiɗa

Konstantinos Psachos ya yi nazarin bayanin Byzantine da tsohuwar kiɗa na Girka. Ya kirkiro kayan kida na keyboard, Panarmonio na Eva, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga abokinsa da ɗalibinsa, Eva Palmer-Sikelianou, don yin kiɗa na Byzantine a cikin hanyar da ta fi dacewa. Ya rubuta kiɗa don bala'o'i na dā kuma ya ba da shawarar daidaita kiɗa na Byzantine tare da amfani da layi biyu ko uku maimakon ɗaya kawai.

Psachos ya rubuta ka'idar kiɗa ta Girka. Kazalika da saita waƙoƙi masu tsarki ga kiɗa, ya rubuta waƙoƙin duniya. Ya saita waƙoƙin tsohuwar Hymn to Apollo, ya rubuta waƙoƙi na bala'i na dā (kamar Antigone na Sophocles), ya kirkiro ayyuka don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da mawaƙa kuma ya buga karatu da yawa. Ya kuma tattara tarin waƙoƙin gargajiya tare da Byzantine da na Turai. Shirye-shiryen musamman sun haɗa da "Axion Esti" a cikin yanayin jituwa da kuma "Apostolic cut" a cikin salon chromatic na huɗu.