Kotun daukaka kara
 Kotun daukaka kara | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
court (en)  da public prosecutor's office (en) |
| Hannun riga da |
trial court (en) |
Kotun daukaka kara, wacce aka fi sani da kotun daukaka kara (s), [1]kotun daukaka kara, kotun shari’a ta biyu ko kotun shari’a ta biyu, ita ce duk wata kotun shari’a da ke da ikon sauraron karar da aka daukaka daga kotun shari’a ko wata karamar kotun. Kotun daukaka kara banda kotun koli wani lokaci ana kiranta da kotun daukaka kara ta tsaka-tsaki. [2] A yawancin duniya, tsarin shari'a ya kasu kashi aƙalla matakai uku: kotun shari'a, wadda ta fara sauraron shari'a kuma tana la'akari da hujjoji da shaidun da suka dace da shari'ar; aƙalla kotun daukaka kara guda ɗaya; da kuma kotun koli (ko kotu ta karshe) wacce da farko tana bitar hukuncin da kotunan tsakiya suka yanke, sau da yawa bisa ga ra'ayi. Kotun koli ta musamman ita ce babbar kotun daukaka kara.[3] kotunan daukaka kara a duk fadin kasar na iya aiki karkashin ka'idoji daban-daban.[4]
A karkashin tsarinta na bita, kotun daukaka kara tana tantance girman girman hukuncin da karamar kotun ta yanke, bisa la’akari da ko karar ta tabbata ko na doka. A wasu hukunce-hukuncen dokokin farar hula, musamman wadanda ke bin tsarin shari’ar Faransa, kotun daukaka kara ta farko tana da ikon yin nazari na biyu kan binciken da kotun sauraren karar ta yi da kuma sake gwada gaskiyar lamarin a wancan matakin karkashin ka’idar sau biyu degré de jurisdiction.
Bifurcation na farar hula da na laifuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da kotunan daukaka kara da yawa ke da hurumin shari'ar da kananan kotuna suka yanke hukunci, wasu tsare-tsare na da kotunan daukaka kara da aka raba da irin ikon da suke amfani da su. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen na da kotunan daukaka kara na musamman, kamar Kotun daukaka kara ta Texas, wacce kawai ke sauraron kararrakin da aka gabatar a kan laifuka, da kuma Kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka, wacce ke da hurumin gamayya amma tana samun mafi yawan karar ta daga shari’o’in mallakar mallaka, a daya bangaren, da kuma daukaka kara daga Kotun Tarayya. A cikin Amurka, Alabama, Tennessee, da Oklahoma suma suna da kotuna daban-daban na ƙarar laifuka. Texas da Oklahoma suna da yanke hukunci na ƙarshe na shari'o'in laifuka da aka ba su ga kotuna daban-daban na ƙarar laifuka, [5] yayin da Alabama da Tennessee suka ba da izinin yanke hukuncin kotun ƙararrakin laifuka don a ƙara ƙara zuwa kotun koli ta jiha.[6] [7]
Kotunan daukaka kara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farar hula Kotun daukaka kara na laifuka (Ingila da Wales), an soke 1966 Kotun daukaka karar laifuka (Ireland), an soke 2014 Jihohin Amurka: Kotun daukaka kara ta Alabama Kotun daukaka kara ta Oklahoma Kotun daukaka kara ta Tennessee Kotun daukaka kara ta Texas
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Garner, Bryan A.
- ↑ Law in the United States
- ↑ Supreme Court". Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved October 26, 2012 from CollinsDictionary.com.
- ↑ "A Guide to Illinois Civil Appellate Procedure" (PDF). Appellate Lawyers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015
- ↑ "Bifurcated Appellate Review: The Texas Story of Two High Courts"
- ↑ "Alabama Judicial System"
- ↑ "About the Court of Criminal Appeals - Tennessee Administrative and Administrative Appeals has Office of the Inspector General's Department and Courts"