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Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi

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Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi
biome (en) Fassara da WWF biome (en) Fassara
Rarraba gandun daji masu laushi na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical

Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan na wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi ( TSMF ), wanda kuma aka sani da gandun daji mai zafi, nau'in mazaunin daji ne na wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi wanda Asusun Duniya na Duniya don yanayi (WWF) ya ayyana.

Bayyanawa

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Dajin da ke da ruwa a cikin Mudumalai National ParkGidan shakatawa na Mudumalai
Dajin ruwan sama na Kongo wanda Gilbertiodendron dewevrei ya mamaye, kusa da Isiro

Ana samun TSMF gabaɗaya manyan, ɓangarori masu tsakiya waɗanda ke tsakiya a kan belin equatorial da tsakanin Tropic of Cancer da Tropic of Capricorn. TSMF ana nuna su da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara da matakan ruwan sama sama sama da 2,000 mm (79 in) in) a kowace shekara. Abubuwan da ke cikin gandun daji sun mamaye nau'ikan bishiyoyi mai tsayi da tsayi.

Wadannan gandun daji suna da gida ga nau'o'i da yawa fiye da kowane tsarin halittu na duniya a Duniya: Rabin nau'o-in halittu na Duniya na iya rayuwa a cikin waɗannan gandun daji, inda murabba'in kilomita na iya zama gida ga fiye da nau'in bishiyoyi 1,000. Ana samun waɗannan gandun daji a duk duniya, musamman a cikin Indo-Malayan Archipelago, Amazon Basin, da African Congo Basin .

Yanayin zafi, mai laushi yana sa waɗannan mahalli su fi amfani fiye da kowane mahalli na ƙasa a Duniya kuma yana inganta ci gaban tsire-tsire masu fashewa.[1] Itace a nan na iya girma sama da 75 ft (23 m) m (75 a tsawo a cikin shekaru 5 kawai. Daga sama, gandun daji ya bayyana a matsayin teku marar iyaka na kore, ya karye ne kawai ta hanyar wasu bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Wadannan manyan abubuwan da suka fito sune yankin hornbills, toucans, da harpy eagle.

Gabaɗaya, bambancin halittu ya fi girma a cikin gandun daji. Za'a iya raba rufin zuwa yadudduka biyar: rufin da ke da kambi mai tasowa, matsakaiciyar rufin, ƙananan rufin, matakin shrub, kuma a ƙarshe understory.[2]

Ginin yana da gida ga yawancin dabbobin daji, gami da birai da birai. A ƙasa da rufin, ƙananan ƙauyuka suna karɓar macizai da manyan cats. Gidan gandun daji, wanda ya kasance a bayyane saboda tsananin rufin da ke sama, wasu dabbobi kamar gorillas da deer ne ke biye da shi.

Dukkanin matakan wadannan gandun daji suna dauke da bambancin da ba a kwatanta da shi ba na nau'in dabbobi marasa rai, gami da kwari da kwari na New Guinea da kuma malamin da zasu iya girma sama da 1 ft (30 cm) a tsawon.

Ana share gandun daji da yawa don gonaki, yayin da wasu ke ƙarƙashin manyan kasuwancin kasuwanci. Yankin da girman Ireland yake lalacewa a kowace 'yan shekaru.

Nau'o'in

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Kudancin zafi na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical (TSMF) kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin tsarin rarraba na Holdridge Life Zones, kuma ya haɗa da gandun daji masu laushi, gandun daji mai laushi, da gandun dajin ruwan sama. [haɗin da bai dace ba?] [<span title="The material near this tag may be based upon an improper synthesis of sources. (December 2018)">improper synthesis?</span>]

Halitta ta haɗa da nau'ikan gandun daji da yawa:

  • Lowland equatorial evergreen rainforests, wanda aka fi sani da tropical rainforests، sune gandun daji waɗanda ke samun ruwan sama mai yawa (Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi tare da fiye da 2000 mm, ko 80 inci, a kowace shekara) a duk shekara. Wadannan gandun daji suna faruwa a cikin belin da ke kewaye da ma'auni, tare da manyan yankuna a cikin kwandon Amazon na Kudancin Amurka, kwarin Congo na tsakiyar Afirka, da Wet Tropics na Queensland a Ostiraliya da kuma wasu sassan Malay Archipelago. Kimanin rabin gandun daji na duniya suna cikin ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka na Brazil da Peru. dazuzzuka yanzu sun rufe kasa da kashi 6% na ƙasar duniya. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin dukkan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi na duniya suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.  
  • dazuzzuka na yanayi na wurare masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da ruwan sama, ruwan sama ko gandun daji na yanayi mai laushi (haɗe), suna da yanayin zafi ko yanayin zafi na Savannah (kamar yadda yake a cikin rarraba yanayin Köppen): karɓar ruwan sama mai yawa tare da Lokacin fari na rani da (sau da yawa) lokacin sanyi na hunturu. Wasu bishiyoyi a cikin wadannan gandun daji suna zubar da wasu ko dukkan ganye a lokacin hunturu. Ana samun waɗannan gandun daji a Kudancin Florida, sassan Kudancin Amurka, a Amurka ta tsakiya da kewayen Caribbean, a bakin tekun Yammacin Afirka, sassan Yankin Indiya, Arewacin Australia da kuma yawancin Indochina.[3][4]
  • Ana samun gandun daji na Montane a yankunan tsaunuka masu sanyi. Wadanda ke da tsaunuka masu tsawo don haɗuwa da girgije mai ƙarancin matakin a kai a kai an san su da gandun daji na girgije.
  • dazuzzuka masu ambaliyar ruwa, gami da gandun daji na ruwa mai laushi da gandun dajin peat.
  • Manigua wani ƙasa ne, sau da yawa ba za a iya shiga ba, mai zurfi mai zurfi na shrubs na wurare masu zafi da ƙananan bishiyoyi. Yawancin lokaci ana samunsa a wuraren marshy amma kuma a kan busassun ƙasa a wasu wurare. Ana amfani da kalmar a Cuba, Jamhuriyar Dominica, Puerto Rico da Colombia.

Yankunan da aka fi sani da su

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Yawancin yankuna na TSMF sanannu ne saboda bambancin halittu da kuma endemism:

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Basic Biology (2016). "Forest".
  2. ↑ Webb, Len (1 Oct 1959). "A Physiognomic Classification of Australian Rain Forests". Journal of Ecology. British Ecological Society : Journal of Ecology Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 551-570. 47 (3): 551–570. Bibcode:1959JEcol..47..551W. doi:10.2307/2257290. JSTOR 2257290.
  3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  4. ↑ Stanton, J.P.; Fell, David. G. (2005). "The rainforests of Cape York Peninsula". Rainforest CRC – via National Library of Australia.
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