Kudin yanayi a Amurka
 Kudin yanayi a Amurka | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | Kudin yanayi |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Muhimmin darasi | Kudin yanayi |
Kudin yanayi a Amurka ya haɗa da tattara kudade na jama'a da masu zaman kansu don tallafawa kokarin ragewa da daidaitawa da Canjin yanayi, tare da mai da hankali kan yin amfani da hanyoyin da ke kasuwa, ƙarfafa manufofi, da saka hannun jari a cikin makamashi mai tsabta da shirye-shiryen juriya don saduwa da burin yanayi na cikin gida da na duniya.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kudin yanayi a Amurka ya samo asali sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, wanda aka tsara ta yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa, ayyukan manufofin cikin gida, da kuma shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Hanyar Amurka game da kudaden yanayi an gina ta ne a kan tushen amfani da abubuwan da suka shafi tattalin arziki da hanyoyin da suka shafi kasuwa don magance canjin yanayi. Wannan labarin ya binciki shigar Amurka cikin yarjejeniyar yanayi ta duniya, musamman Yarjejeniyar Paris, kuma ya rushe alkawuran da Amurka ta yi. Har ila yau, yana nazarin sakamakon kokarin kudi na yanayi na Amurka, yana mai da hankali kan mahimman manufofi, ayyuka, da kuma alkawuran kudi waɗanda suka tsara yanayin yanayin kudi na yanayi a cikin gida da duniya.[1]
Alkawarin kudi na Amurka ga Yarjejeniyar Paris
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haɗa wasu alkawuran kuɗi a cikin gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta Amurka ga Yarjejeniyar Paris. Amurka ta yi alkawarin dala biliyan 3 ga Asusun Yanayi na Green, tare da manufar tallafawa ayyukan rage sauyin yanayi da daidaitawa a Kasashe masu tasowa. A shekara ta 2016, Amurka ta riga ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 500.[2] Canjin Fasaha da Gina Capacity: Amurka ta himmatu ga sauƙaƙe canjin fasaha da shirye-shiryen haɓaka ƙwarewa da nufin taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa su cimma burinsu na yanayi. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakon kuɗi da fasaha a ƙarƙashin tsarin Yarjejeniyar Paris.[3]
Sakamakon kudaden yanayi na Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manufofin da ayyukan majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amurka ta kafa mahimman dokoki da yawa waɗanda ke tallafawa kudaden yanayi da saka hannun jari mai tsabta. Dokar Rage Girma (IRA) ta shekarar 2022: Wannan doka mai mahimmanci ta ware dala biliyan 369 a cikin kudade don makamashi mai tsabta da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi yanayi. IRA tana ba da kuɗin haraji don ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa, karɓar motar lantarki, da ingantaccen makamashi. Yana wakiltar ɗayan manyan saka hannun jari na yanayi a tarihin Amurka kuma an yi niyyar fitar da saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu a cikin fasahar makamashi mai tsabta. Kudin Haraji na Zuba Jari da Fitarwa (ITC da PTC). Amurka ta daɗe tana amfani da ƙarfafawar kuɗi kamar ITC da PTC don inganta ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa. ITC tana ba da babbar bashi ga haraji don saka hannun jari na Hasken rana, yayin da PTC ke ƙarfafa samar da makamashi daga hanyoyin sabuntawa kamar iska.[4]
Alkawarin kudi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amurka ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara kudaden yanayi, a cikin gida da na duniya: Green Climate Fund (GCF). Da farko Amurka ta yi alkawarin dala biliyan 3 ga GCF, da nufin taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa su rage da kuma daidaitawa da canjin yanayi. Koyaya, wannan sadaukarwar ta rushe ta hanyar shawarar da Gwamnatin Trump ta yanke na dakatar da ƙarin gudummawa bayan dala miliyan 500 na farko. Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci. Ƙoƙarin kuɗin yanayi na Amurka ya sami ƙarfafawa ta hanyar shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Kamfanoni kamar Microsoft, Amazon, da Tesla sun yi muhimmiyar alkawura ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon da saka hannun jari a cikin kama carbon da ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa. Bugu da ƙari, cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar BlackRock sun yi alkawarin ƙara saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar kore, suna jaddada rawar da masu zaman kansu ke takawa a cikin kuɗin yanayi.[1]
Sakamakon da tasirin duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hanyoyin Kasuwanci: Amurka ta kasance jagora a cikin hanyoyin da suka danganci kasuwa kamar tsarin Cap-and-trade, tare da shirye-shiryen yanki kamar shirin California na cap-and'trade da Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) suna nuna tasirin karfafawa na kasuwa don rage fitar da iskar gas.[5]
Kasuwancin carbon na son rai: Amurka ta kara tallafawa kasuwannin carbon na son rai, inda kamfanoni zasu iya siyan carbon don biyan diyya ga hayakin su. Wannan ya karfafa kirkire-kirkire da saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan kama carbon da sake gina gandun daji.[6]
Shirye-shiryen Kudi na Yanayi na Bi-Artisan: Tallafin Bi-Artist ya fito ne don manufofin kudi masu alaƙa da yanayi, musamman game da juriya da ababen more rayuwa da daidaitawa da tasirin yanayi.[7]
Ƙalubalen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da wadannan ci gaba, Amurka ta fuskanci kalubale wajen kiyaye manufofin kudi na yanayi, musamman a lokacin sauyin siyasa. Fitar da gwamnatin Trump daga Yarjejeniyar Paris a shekarar 2017 ya nuna koma baya, rage gudummawar Amurka ga kudaden yanayi na duniya da kuma dakatar da kokarin rage fitar da kayayyaki na cikin gida.[8]
Sake shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2021, Gwamnatin Biden ta sake komawa Yarjejeniyar Paris, ta himmatu ga ƙarin burin yanayi, gami da raguwar 50-52% a cikin hayaki a shekara ta 2030 idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2005. Wannan sake shiga ya sake farfado da gudummawar Amurka ga kudaden yanayi na kasa da kasa kuma ya sake farga da kokarin cikin gida don hana hayaki.[9]
Amurka ta dauki matakai masu mahimmanci don magance canjin yanayi ta hanyar manufofi da alkawuran kudi. Yarjejeniyar Paris ta nuna wani lokaci mai mahimmanci ga kudaden yanayi na Amurka, tare da alkawura don rage hayaki da tallafawa kokarin duniya ta hanyar taimakon kudi da fasaha. Duk da koma baya a lokacin gwamnatin Trump, Amurka ta sabunta jajircewarta ga burin yanayi na kasa da kasa a karkashin Shugaba Biden, ta amfani da jama'a da masu zaman kansu don fitar da matakin yanayi. Makomar kudaden yanayi na Amurka za ta dogara da ci gaba da tallafawa siyasa, kirkire-kirkire na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don fuskantar kalubalen da canjin yanayi na duniya ya kawo.[10]
Kudin yanayi a Mako na Yanayi NYC
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin Climate Week NYC 2024, an mayar da hankali sosai kan alkawuran kudi na yanayi, tare da abubuwan da suka faru sama da 600 da aka shirya a duk faɗin birnin, suna mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarurruka na shekara-shekara da aka keɓe don aikin yanayi. Manyan 'yan wasa a wannan taron sun hada da masu saka hannun jari, bankunan, da masu inshora wadanda suka tattauna yadda ake tallafawa sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin carbon mai ƙarancin gaske da haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin mafita na makamashi mai tsabta.[11]
Bugu da ƙari, wasu kungiyoyi sun shirya zaman a kan kasuwannin carbon na son rai da inshorar bala'i a matsayin mahimman hanyoyin don hanzarta aikin yanayi ta hanyar kayan aikin kuɗi. Tattaunawar ta kuma rufe saka hannun jari a cikin kiyaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da kuma haɗa la'akari da yanayi a cikin dabarun kamfanoni, yana nuna ƙarfin shiga na 'yan wasan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.[12][13]
Gabaɗaya, Mako na Yanayi NYC 2024 ya nuna muhimmiyar rawar da kudi ke takawa wajen aiwatar da yanayin yanayi na duniya, tare da shugabannin jama'a da masu zaman kansu da ke aiki tare kan mafita don saduwa da burin yanayi da rufe gibin kudade da ake buƙata don sauya makamashi da ƙoƙarin juriya yanayi.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Missing Middle: Capital Imbalances in the Energy Transition". S2G (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "auto" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "U.S.-China Joint Presidential Statement on Climate Change". White House (in Turanci). 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "Key aspects of the Paris Agreement". unfccc.int. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ "Elements of RGGI". Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ Zwick, Steve (2008-03-21). "A Quick Guide to the Voluntary Carbon Markets". Ecosystem Marketplace (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "Bipartisan Infrastructure Law - Climate / Resilience | Federal Highway Administration". www.fhwa.dot.gov. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
- ↑ "CRS Report". Congressional Research Service. 2019-04-05. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ↑ "UNFCCC Paris Agreement". United Nations Climate Change. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "FACT SHEET: President Biden Takes Executive Actions to Tackle the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, Create Jobs, and Restore Scientific Integrity Across Federal Government". The White House (in Turanci). 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ King, Charlie (2024-09-23). "Climate Week NYC: The Opening Ceremony's Who, What & Why". Sustainability Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "Sustainable Investment Forum 2024 | Climate Week NYC". Sustainable Investment Forum North America (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "UNEP FI at Climate Week NYC 2024". United Nations Environment Programme (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "Building a vital Earth for everyone". Environmental Defense Fund (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-10-02.