Kufra
 Kufra | |||||
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oasis (en)  da municipality of Libya (en) | |||||
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| Bayanai | |||||
| Ƙasa | Libya | ||||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci |
UTC+02:00 (mul) | ||||
| Wuri | |||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Libya | ||||
| District of Libya (en) | Kufra District (en) | ||||
Kufra (/ˈkuːfrə/) wani kwari ne kuma rukuni ne na oasis a cikin Gundumar Kufra ta kudu maso gabashin Cyrenaica a Libya . A ƙarshen karni na 19, Kufra ya zama cibiyar da wuri mai tsarki na tsarin Senussi.[1] Har ila yau, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a Yammacin Yammacin Yaƙin Duniya na II.[2]
Tana cikin wani yanki mai nisa, ba wai kawai saboda tana tsakiyar hamadar Sahara ba har ma saboda an kewaye ta a bangarori uku da raunin da ya sa ta mamaye hanyar zirga-zirgar ƙasa ta gabas zuwa yamma a fadin hamada. Ga 'yan Italiya masu mulkin mallaka, yana da mahimmanci a matsayin tashar a kan hanyar iska ta arewa maso kudu zuwa Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya. Wadannan dalilai, tare da mamayar Kufra a yankin kudu maso gabashin Cyrenaica na Libya, suna nuna muhimmancin dabarun oasis da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya kasance batun rikici a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maganar al'umma ta haɗa kalmar "Kufra" kamar yadda ta fito ne daga kalmar Larabci Kafir (كافر), ma'ana "marasa imani" ko "marasa aminci". kalmar Kafir ta samo asali ne daga tushen Larabci K-F-R, wanda ke nufin "rufe" ko "rufe". A cikin tauhidin Islama, yana nufin wani wanda ya musanta ko ya ɓoye gaskiyar Islama, tare da ambaton mutanen Toubou 'yan asalin yankin.
Haɗin kalmar Kufra ya samo asali ne daga farkon karni na 19, wanda aka yi alama da rikice-rikicen kabilanci da aka fara da Larabawa da fadada yankin a kudancin Cyrenaica. Ƙabilun Larabawa - da farko Zuwayya da Jawabis - sun nemi tabbatar da iko a kan yankunan da suka fi dacewa a yankin, babban yanki na mazaunin Toubou.
Bayanan zamani, irin su na mai binciken Jamus Friedrich Hornemann (1772-1801), wanda ya haye hamadar Libya a cikin 1798, ya rubuta mamayewar farko a cikin yankin da Toubou ke sarrafawa. Hornemann yana nufin tafiye-tafiye da aka kaddamar daga Benghazi da Awjila, wanda ya kasance maimaitawar mamayewa zuwa yankin da ya gano a matsayin Febabo - Kufra na zamani (wanda aka fi sani da al-Jawf). Hare-haren Larabawa na farko, waɗanda kabilun Jawazi daga arewacin Cyrenaica suka yi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, sun haɗu da juriya ta gida kuma daga ƙarshe an kori su.
Wani lokaci mai mahimmanci ya faru a cikin 1808, a lokacin mulkin Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha na Tripoli . Bayan fuskantar tsayayya mai karfi, kabilun Larabawa sun nemi taimakon soja daga hukumomin Ottoman. A mayar da martani, an ba su bindigogi da sojoji, wanda ya haifar da mamaye yankin Kufra - daya daga cikin sansanonin Toubou - ta Zuwayya da abokansu. Wadannan kamfen din soja sun bayar da rahoton cewa sun haifar da mummunan rauni tsakanin 'yan asalin Toubou (Goran) da Zaghawa kuma an tilasta wa mutane da yawa su yi ƙaura daga yankin. Koyaya, Kufra bai taɓa ƙarƙashin mulkin Larabawa ko Ottomans ba. A wannan lokacin, sojojin Larabawa sun kira Toubou a matsayin kuffar (jama'a na Kafir, ma'ana "masu kafir"), kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin maganganun soja da maganganun kamfen. Don haka, ya zama mai alaƙa da yankin kanta, wanda ya haifar da sunan yankin Kufra.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kufra wani kwandon da ke da siffar elliptic, wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso gabas-kudu maso yamma. Babban jigon yana da 50 kilometres (31 mi) , ƙaramin 20 kilometres (12 mi) km (12 tsawo. Yana da iyaka da tuddai waɗanda suke da tsayi 100 m.[1] Ƙasa ta ƙunshi ja marl ko yashi kuma a cikin ƙananan sassa akwai tabkuna masu gishiri ko bushewar salines.[1] A cikin kwandon akwai wadannan oases:
- Al Jawf ("Center"), mafi girma, wanda yake a ƙarshen arewa maso gabashin kwandon, tsawon kilomita 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) (3.1 da kuma kilomita 2-3 (1.2-1.9 a fadin. Yana da wadata da dabino da lambuna.
- Buma da Buema, duka ƙananan kuma suna gabashin Al Jawf . [1] Gerhard Rohlfs ya kafa sansaninsa a arewacin Buema, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an san garin da "Garet-en-Nasrani" ("Field of the Christian" a Larabci). [1] Filin jirgin saman Kufra yana cikin Buma .
- Ez-Zurgh, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) (2.5 zuwa kudancin Al Jawf. Ya ƙunshi layin itatuwan dabino.[1] Har zuwa lokacin da Italiyanci suka mamaye shi, bayi ne kawai ke zaune a ciki.[1]
- Et-Tleilíb da Et-Talláb, dukansu suna kudu maso yammacin Al Jawf . [1] Wannan na ƙarshe shine mafi nisa daga Al Jawf, yana kwance 20 kilometres (12 mi) km (12 nesa.[1]
A gefen arewacin kwandon, akwai ƙauyen El Tag, wanda ke nufin kambi a Larabci, wanda ba ya dauke da oasis. Sayyid Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi ne ya kafa shi, ɗan wanda ya kafa tsarin Senussi, lokacin da ya koma Kufra kuma an dauke shi wuri mai tsarki na Senussi.[3]
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Saboda wurin da Kufra take a cikin Hamadar Libya, tana da yanayin zafi na hamada ( Köppen BWh ), tare da sanyi mai sauƙi, lokacin zafi sosai, yanayin zafi mai yawa a rana kuma kusan babu ruwan sama. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine 23.0 °C (73.4 °F), matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara shine 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) kuma matsakaicin ƙarancin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara shine 15.0 °C (59.0 °F) . Watannin Yuni, Yuli da Agusta su ne watanni mafi zafi, suna da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na 30.5 °C (86.9 °F), matsakaicin yanayin zafi mai zafi kusan 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) ko sama da haka kuma matsakaicin raguwar kusan 23.0 °C (73.4 °F) . Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici shine 21.0 °C (69.8 °F), matsakaicin matsakaici a 13.0 °C (55.4 °F) kuma matsakaicin matsakaici ƙasa a 5.0 °C (41.0 °F) .