Kula da Cututtuka

Kula da Cututtuka
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	public health surveillance (en)

Kula da Cututtuka aiki ne na yaduwar cututtuka wanda ake sa ido kan yaduwar Cutar don kafa alamu na ci gaba. Babban rawar da sa ido kan cututtuka ke takawa shine tsinkaya, lura, da rage cutar da barkewar cutar, annobar, da yanayin annobar suka haifar, da kuma kara ilimi game da waɗanne dalilai ne ke taimakawa ga irin wannan yanayi. Wani muhimmin bangare na sa ido kan cututtukan zamani shine aikin bayar da Rahoton cutar.

Za a iya tattara adadin masu kamuwa da cutar daga asibitoci - wanda za a sa ran ganin mafi yawan abubuwan da suka faru - an tattara su, kuma a ƙarshe an bayyana su a fili. Tare da zuwan Fasahar sadarwa ta zamani, wannan ya canza sosai. Kungiyoyi kamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) yanzu na iya bayar da rahoton shari'o'i da mutuwar daga manyan cututtuka a cikin kwanaki - wani lokacin a cikin sa'o'in - na faruwar lamarin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai matsin lamba na jama'a don samun wannan bayanin da sauri da kuma daidai.    

Rahoton da ya zama dole

Rahoton da aka yi game da cututtukan cututtukani masu yaduwa shine abin da ake buƙata da gwamnatocin yanki da na ƙasa da yawa suka sanya wa masu ba da kiwon lafiya, da kuma gwamnatocin ƙasa ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don saka idanu kan yaduwar masu yaduwar cututtuka. Tun daga shekara ta 1969, WHO ta buƙaci a ba da rahoton duk lokuta na cututtukan da suka biyo baya ga kungiyar: kwalara, annoba, zazzabi mai launin rawaya, kyanda, sake dawowa da zazzabi. A shekara ta 2005, an tsawaita jerin don haɗawa da cutar shan inna da SARS. Gwamnatocin yanki da na ƙasa yawanci suna sa ido kan manyan cututtukan (kimanin 80 a Amurka) waɗanda ke iya yin barazana ga yawan jama'a. Cutar tarin fuka, HIV, botulism, hantavirus, anthrax, da rabies misalai ne na irin waɗannan cututtukan. Ana amfani da ƙididdigar cututtuka a matsayin alamun kiwon lafiya don bayyana lafiyar jama'a gaba ɗaya. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ita ce babbar hukumar daidaita martani na duniya ga manyan cututtuka. WHO tana kula da shafukan yanar gizo don cututtuka da yawa kuma tana da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki a ƙasashe da yawa inda waɗannan cututtukan ke faruwa.

A lokacin barkewar SARS a farkon shekara ta 2004, alal misali, ma'aikatan Beijing na WHO sun samar da sabuntawa a kowane 'yan kwanaki na tsawon lokacin barkewar. Farawa a watan Janairun 2004, WHO ta samar da irin wannan sabuntawa ga H5N1. Wadannan sakamakon ana bayar da rahoto sosai kuma ana kallo sosai. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

• Anthrax
• Avian influenza
• Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever
• Ebola virus disease
• Hepatitis
• Influenza
• Lassa fever
• Marburg hemorrhagic fever
• Meningococcal disease
• Plague
• Rift Valley fever
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
• Smallpox
• Tularemia
• Yellow fever

Ƙalubalen siyasa

A matsayin jagora a cikin lafiyar jama'a ta duniya, WHO tana da rawar gani a cikin siyasar duniya. Dole ne ya kula da kyakkyawar dangantaka da kowace ƙasa da yawa inda yake aiki. A sakamakon haka, yana iya bayar da rahoton sakamakon ne kawai a cikin wata ƙasa tare da yarjejeniyar gwamnatin ƙasar. Saboda wasu gwamnatoci suna ɗaukar sakin duk wani bayani game da barkewar cutar a matsayin sirri na jihar, wannan na iya sanya WHO cikin mawuyacin hali. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

WHO ta tsara Alert da Amsa na Kasa da Kasa don tabbatar da cewa "an tabbatar da barkewar muhimmancin kasa da kasa da sauri kuma ana raba bayanai cikin sauri a cikin Cibiyar sadarwa" amma ba lallai ba ne ta jama'a; haɗa da daidaita "ayyukan don tallafawa kokarin kasa" maimakon kalubalanci ikon kasa a cikin wannan al'umma don "girmama 'yancin kai da daidaito na dukkan abokan hulɗa". Shawarwarin cewa "Dukkanin martani na Cibiyar sadarwa za su ci gaba da cikakken girmamawa ga ka'idojin ɗabi'a, haƙƙin ɗan adam, dokokin ƙasa da na gida, ƙwarewar al'adu da al'ada" yana tabbatar da kowace ƙasa cewa za a ba da cikakken tsaro, kuɗi, da sauran abubuwan da ke so.

Ƙalubalen fasaha

Gwajin cutar na iya zama mai tsada, kuma rarrabe tsakanin cututtuka biyu na iya zama da wahala sosai a kasashe da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya tantance idan mutum ya sami wata cuta ita ce gwada kasancewar magungunan rigakafi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan cuta. Game da H5N1, alal misali, akwai ƙananan cututtukan H5N1 a cikin tsuntsayen daji a Arewacin Amurka wanda mutum zai iya samun magungunan rigakafi. Zai zama da matukar wahala a rarrabe tsakanin magungunan rigakafi da wannan nau'in ya samar, da magungunan da aka samar ta hanyar asalin Asiya HPAI A (H5N1). Irin wannan matsala ta zama ruwan dare, kuma tana da wuyar tantance yadda cutar ta yadu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]

A halin yanzu akwai karancin bayanai game da yaduwar H5N1 a cikin tsuntsayen daji a Afirka da Asiya. Ba tare da irin wannan bayanan ba, yin hasashen yadda cutar zata iya yaduwa a nan gaba yana da wahala. Bayanan da masana kimiyya da masu yanke shawara ke buƙatar yin samfuran kiwon lafiya masu amfani da yanke shawara mai mahimmanci don kiwon lafiya, amma a halin yanzu ba su da: [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]