Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka

Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Yammacin Afirka
	;
Bayanai
Gajeren suna	UEMOA
Iri	intergovernmental organization (en) , international organization (en) da currency union (en)
Mulki
Hedkwata	Ouagadougou
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	10 ga Janairu, 1994
	uemoa.int

Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi da Tattalin Arziki na Afirka ta Yamma, wadda gabaɗaya ake magana a kai a cikin Ingilishi zuwa ga taƙaice ta Faransanci UEMOA (na Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine ) da kuma a madadin WAEMU, ^[1] tsari ne na tushen yarjejeniya da ya haɗu tare da ƙasashe takwas na yammacin Afirka a cikin babbar Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka, waɗanda bakwai daga cikinsu sun kasance yankunan Faransanci na yammacin Afirka . An kafa ta ne don haɓaka daidaiton kuɗi da na kuɗi da kuma haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki tsakanin ƙasashen da ke raba CFA franc na yammacin Afirka ( ISO 4217 : XOF) a matsayin kudin gama gari. ^[2] Daga 1962 zuwa 1994, an san ta da Ƙungiyar Kuɗin Kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma ( WAMU ko, a cikin Faransanci, UMOA na Union Monetaire Ouest-Africaine ).

A yankuna, UEMOA galibi yana haɗuwa da wata ƙungiyar yanki, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka, ECOWAS . ^[3]

Cibiyoyin gama gari na UEMOA sun haɗa da Majalisar Shugabannin Ƙasa ( Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. ) da Majalisar Ministoci; Hukumar, Kotun Shari'a, da Kotun Lissafi (duk a Ouagadougou ); Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka (BCEAO) a Dakar ; Hukumar Ba da Lamuni ta Afirka ta Yamma (CB-UMOA) da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwar Kudi ta Kungiyar Kudade ta Afirka ta Yamma (AMF-UMOA), duka a Abidjan ; da Bankin Raya Yammacin Afirka (BOAD) a Lomé . Ƙasashen UEMOA kuma suna raba Hukumar Kula da Inshora ta Yanki (CRCA, a Libreville ) tare da sauran ƙasashen Afirka na Yankin Franc .

Tarihi

Fage

A ƙarshen 1945, sabuwar 'yantar da Faransa ta yanke shawarar rage darajar kuɗinta, Faransa Franc, amma ta bar canjin kuɗi a cikin ƙasashenta na ketare waɗanda ba su taɓa samun irin wannan matsalar tattalin arziki ba. Ta haka ne ya kafa CFA franc (na Colonies Françaises d'Afrique ) don mulkin mallaka a Afirka, da kuma CFP franc ( Colonies Françaises du Pacifique ) ga waɗanda ke cikin Tekun Fasifik, yayin da yankunan Caribbean suka ci gaba da yin amfani da franc na Faransa kuma Indochina sun yi amfani da wani nau'i na kudin waje, piastre na Indochinese na Faransa .

A yammacin Afirka, Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale (BAO) ne ya ba da kuɗin CFA a ƙarƙashin gata na bayarwa da dokokin ƙasar Faransa suka bayar. A cikin 1955, ƙungiyar jama'a ta Institut d'Émission de l'Afrique Occidentale Française et du Togo ta maye gurbin BAO a cikin waccan rawar.

Ƙungiyar Kuɗin Kuɗi ta Afirka ta Yamma

An kafa kungiyar hada-hadar kudi ta Afirka ta Yamma a shekarar 1962 bisa yarjejeniya tsakanin Faransa da sabbin kasashe masu cin gashin kai. Yarjejeniyar 1962 ta kafa asusun aiki ( ) a baitul malin Faransa, inda kasashen Afirka da ke halartar taron suka himmatu wajen hada asusun ajiyar su na waje wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin da ya wuce gona da iri. A musayar, Faransa ta ba da garantin tabbatar da canji mara iyaka na CFA franc zuwa Faransanci na Faransa, a ƙayyadaddun canjin CFA franc 50 zuwa franc ɗaya na Faransa (wanda bai canza ba tun daga faduwar darajar Faransa a watan Oktoban 1948, duk da sake fasalin 100 tsohon franc na Faransa zuwa sabon Faransa 19).

A cikin 1973, an sake fasalin tsarin tare da sake fasalin yarjejeniya da sabuwar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta kuɗi wacce ta tanadi ƙaura daga Paris zuwa Dakar BCEAO. An kammala canja wurin a tsakiyar 1978 kuma an buɗe sabon ginin a watan Mayu 1979. ^[4]

Tarayyar Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi na Afirka ta Yamma

UEMOA an kafa ta ne ta wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a Dakar, Senegal, a Samfuri:Date, ta shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nijar, Senegal, da Togo .

A ranar Samfuri:Date, Guinea-Bissau, tsohuwar mulkin mallaka na Portugal, ta zama ƙasa memba ta takwas (kuma wacce ba ta francophone kaɗai ba).

A Samfuri:Date, sake fasalin yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar kuɗi tare da Faransa ya haifar da dakatar da tsarin asusun aiyuka a cikin Janairu 2020, yayin da Faransa ta kiyaye garantin canzawa mara iyaka zuwa Yuro . ^[5]

UEMOA tana da asusun aiki na kasa da kasa guda 32, wanda aka bazu a cikin kasashe goma da kuma kudade daban-daban guda takwas, gami da daya a Tarayyar Amurka. ^[6]

Dangantaka da kawancen jihohin Sahel

A hukumance sun hade a wata kungiyar ( Kawancen Kasashen Sahel ) ba tare da wani yanki na kudi ba, wadannan kasashe uku ba su nuna aniyarsu ta karya alaka da UEMOA ba. Don haka barin UEMOA shine yanke shawara mai rikitarwa. Ƙasashen memba na ƙungiyar suna raba kuɗi guda ɗaya, CFA franc, wanda ya dogara ne akan garantin canzawa ta Baitulmalin Faransa. Idan wata kasa ta fice daga UEMOA, dole ne ta dawo da asusun ajiyarta na waje, wanda a halin yanzu ya raba tsakanin babban bankin UEMOA da ke Abidjan (50%) da baitul malin Faransa (50%). ^[7]

Bayanin Gabaɗaya

UEMOA wata ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwar kwastan da kuma haɗin gwiwar kuɗi tsakanin mambobinta. Manufofinta sun haɗa da:^[8]

Ƙara faɗaɗa gasa ta tattalin arziki ta hanyar buɗaɗɗen kasuwa, tare da daidaita da haɗaɗɗiyar doka
Daidaita manufofin macro-economic da alamominsu
Ƙirƙirar kasuwa ɗaya
Daidaita manufofin fannoni daban-daban
Daidaita manufofin haraji

Daga cikin nasarorinta, UEMOA ta aiwatar da ƙa'idodin daidaituwar macro-economic da tsari mai inganci na sa ido. Ta kafa ƙungiyar kwastan da harajin shigo da kaya na gama-gari, tare da haɗa dokokin haraji kai tsaye, kana ta fara aiwatar da manufofi na tsarin gunduma da fannonin ƙasa. Wani bincike da IMF ta gudanar a watan Satumba 2002 ya bayyana UEMOA a matsayin "wacce ta fi kusa da cikar haɗin kai" cikin duka ƙungiyoyin yanki na Afirka.^[9]

Duk da haka, a cikin yankin akwai ƙarancin haɗin kai tare da ƙaruwa a rashin daidaiton samun kudin shiga tun bayan kafuwar UEMOA. Côte d'Ivoire ta fi kowace ƙasa GDP per capita a 2022 da dala $1,950, yayin da Nijar ke da mafi ƙanƙanta da $484. A wannan shekarar, Côte d'Ivoire da Senegal ne suka bayar da fiye da kashi 60% na fitar da kayayyakin ƙungiyar. Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambanci mai yawa a tsakanin ƙasashe dangane da aikin tattalin arzikinsu a cikin shekarun 2010; Côte d'Ivoire ta fi yin nasara (6.72% na ci gaban shekara-shekara), yayin da Guinea Bissau ta fi raguwar (3.85%). Duk da haka, an samu ci gaba mai kyau wajen rabon tattalin arziki tun bayan kafuwar UEMOA, inda matsakaicin watsin ci gaban yankin ya kasance 1.26 kafin kafuwa da 0.73 bayan haka.^[2]

Mu'amala da ECOWAS

Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS) da UEMOA sun tsara wata manufa ta bai ɗaya dangane da 'yantar da ciniki da daidaita manufofin tattalin arzikin kasa baki ɗaya. Kungiyoyin sun kuma amince da ƙa’idojin asalinsu na bai ɗaya domin ƙarfafa ciniki, sannan ECOWAS ta amince da rungumar nau'in takardun bayani kan kwastan da UEMOA ke amfani da su da kuma hanyoyin diyya.^[10]