Kungiyar Yan Ra'ayin Mazan Jiya Masu Bada Shawara Ta Amerika

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Kungiyar Yan Ra'ayin Mazan Jiya Masu Bada Shawara Ta Amerika
Bayanai
Iri ma'aikata da advocacy group (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Ideology (en) Fassara conservatism in the United States (en) Fassara
Aiki
Mamba na State Policy Network (en) Fassara da Cooler Heads Coalition (en) Fassara
Mulki
Tsari a hukumance 501(c) organization (en) Fassara
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1985
Wanda ya samar

atr.org


Americans for Tax Reform
Bayanai
Gajeren suna ATR
Iri Advocacy group
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Ideology (en) Fassara conservatism in the United States (en) Fassara
Aiki
Mamba na State Policy Network (en) Fassara da Cooler Heads Coalition (en) Fassara
Mulki
Hedkwata 722 12th Street NW
Tsari a hukumance 501(c) organization (en) Fassara
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira 1985
Wanda ya samar

atr.org


Kungiyar Yan Ra'ayin Mazan jiya Masu Bada Shawara (ATR) ne a siyasance ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Amurka ya bayar da shawarwari kungiyar wanda ya bayyana burin ne "wani tsarin a cikin abin da haraji ne mafi sauki, kisa, mafi bayyane, kuma ka runtse daga gare su a yau." A cewar ATR,"Ikon gwamnati na sarrafa rayuwar mutum ya samo asali ne daga karfinta zuwa haraji. Mun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a rage karfin iko. " An san kungiyar da "alkawarin kariyar masu biyan haraji", wanda ke neman 'yan takarar ofishin tarayya da na jihohi da su sadaukar da kansu a rubuce don adawa da duk karin harajin. Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ATR shine Grover Norquist, ɗan rajin kare haraji mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.

Tsarin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Amurkawa don Gyara Haraji ƙungiya ce ta 501 (c) (4) tare da ma'aikata 14, kuɗi na $ 3,912,958, da membobin 60,000 (kamar na 2004). Grover Norquist ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1985.

Kungiyar ilimin da ke da alaƙa ita ce Amurkawa don Taxaddamar da Gyara Haraji, wanda aka ƙaddara shi azaman bincike da ƙungiyar ilimi ta 501 (c) (3). Dalilin dukkanin bangarorin biyu shine ilmantarwa da / ko haraba akan duk ƙarin haraji.

Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Amurkawa don Gyaran Haraji memba ne na Policyungiyar Manufofin Siyasa, wata hanyar ƙasa ce ta Amurka da ke kula da kasuwannin da ke kan kasuwa. Amurkawa don Gyaran Haraji mai ba da tallafi ne ga masu ba da gudummawa ga masu ba da tallafi, asusun ba da taimako ga masu ba da tallafi.

Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Alkawarin Kare Mai Karba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga shekarar 1986, ATR ta dauki nauyin alkawarin kariyar masu biyan haraji, rubutaccen alkawarin da ‘yan majalisa da‘ yan takarar mukamin suka rubuta wanda ya basu damar adawa da karin harajin. Duk 'yan takarar neman mukamin jiha da na tarayya, da duk wadanda ke rike da mukamai ana musu alkawarin. Kusan zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai 1,400, daga wakilan jihohi, zuwa gwamnoni, kuma har zuwa Sanatocin Amurka, sun sanya hannu kan Alƙawarin. Akwai nau'ikan daban daban a matakin kasa da jiha.

A cikin sigar ta Majalisar Wakilan Amurka, mai sa hannun ya yi alwashin zuwa:

a wasu jihohin Yan majalissu sun sanya hannu In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:

A majalisar wakilai ta 112 da ke aiki a cikin shekarun 2011 da 2012, duk banda shida daga cikin membobin Republican 242 tare da mambobin Democrat biyu na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka, a jimillar 238 - mafi rinjaye na wannan majalisar - da ma duka banda bakwai na Membobin Jam’iyyar 47 tare da dan Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na Democrat guda daya, gaba daya sun kai 41, sun rattaba hannu kan alkawarin kariyar masu biyan haraji. Duk banda 'yan Republican 13 da ke zaune sun sanya hannu kan alƙawarin, yayin da' yan Democrat uku suka sanya hannu (mai fita-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) da mambobin majalisar Robert Andrews (NJ) da Ben Chandler (KY)).

Shugaban ATR Grover Norquist ya rubuta game da mahimmancin "Alƙawarin Kariyar Mai Biyan Haraji" don wallafe-wallafe da yawa ciki har da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Mutum a cikin Yunin shekarata 2010. A cikin wannan labarin, Norquist ya rubuta,

Tara haraji shine abin da politiciansan siyasa keyi yayin da basu da ƙarfin gudanar da mulki. Amincewa da kariyar mai biyan haraji an kirkire shi ne a cikin shekarata 1986 ta Amurkawa don Gyara Haraji a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin kiyaye ƙananan matakan harajin ƙasa na Dokar Gyara Haraji na Reagan na shekarata 1986. Ya girma cikin mahimmancin matsayin ɗaya daga cikin blackan fari-da-fari, Ee ko a'a, amsoshin da aka tilasta wa politiciansan siyasa su bawa masu jefa ƙuri'a kafin su nemi ƙuri'unsu.

Kwamitin Kamfen din Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya (DCCC) da daidaikun 'yan takarar Democrats suka fara kai hari "Yarjejeniyar Kariyar Mai Karba Haraji" da wadanda suka sanya hannu a lokacin zagayen shekarar 2010 tare da zargin cewa jingina ta kare ragin haraji ga kamfanonin da ke jigilar ayyukan kasashen waje. Bayyanar gardamar ta farko ta tashi ne a zaɓen musamman na HI-01. Amurkawa don Gyaran Haraji sun amsa ta hanyar kiran tallan kai harin "karya ce karara." Sun yi nuni da cewa Alkawarin ba ya hana a cire ko cire wani abu. Hakan kawai yana hana daidaikun mutane da / ko kamfanoni daga fuskantar ƙarin ƙimar harajin samun kuɗaɗe kuma yana ba da damar sake fasalin haraji mara tsaka-tsaki. Masu rashi bangaranci, masu zaman kansu Factcheck.org sun yi bitar tallan DCCC kuma sun amince da ATR cewa tallar "karya ce karara." Darektan Factcheck.org, Brooks Jackson, ya rubuta

Amurkawa ne suka kira shi "karya karara" don sake fasalin haraji, kungiyar da ke da alaka da Republican wacce ta sami sa hannun Djou kan alkawarin da ta yi na kin biyan haraji Mun yarda. Alkawarin harajin ATR yana kare hukumomi gaba ɗaya - amma kawai daga ƙarin haraji gaba ɗaya. Babu abin da ya ce game da ayyuka kwata-kwata. Mafi mahimmanci, baya hana sake fasalin lambar haraji. Masu sa hannu sun yarda da adawa da duk wani "raga" na rage ragi ko kirgawa "sai dai idan ya yi daidai da dala ta dala ta kara rage farashin haraji."

A cewar mujallar The Hill, 'Yan jam'iyyar Democrats sun debo kujeru takwas na Majalisar Wakilai a zaben Nuwamba na shekarata 2012, hade da' yan jam'iyyar Republicans da dama suka yi watsi da alkawarin, yana nufin cewa alkawarin ba zai sake samun goyon bayan mafi yawan waccan majalisar ba. lokacin da sabuwar Majalisa za ta fara zama a watan Janairun shekarata 2013. Norquist ya yi ikirarin cewa 'yan Republican 219 suna goyon bayan alkawarin; wannan adadi, duk da haka, ya haɗa da 'yan Jamhuriyyar Republican da dama waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan alƙawarin sai kawai su ƙi shi daga baya. [1]

Kirkira[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 1997, aikin Ronald Reagan Legacy Project na ATR, yayi aiki don ganin kowace karamar hukuma a Amurka ta tuna tsohon shugaban ta hanyar "muhimmiyar" kuma "ta gari", kamar sanya sunan gidan jama'a. Har ila yau aikin ya tallafawa ƙoƙari don sanya Reagan a kan dala goma . Har ila yau, aikin ya karfafa gwiwar gwamnonin jihohi da su ayyana ranar 6 ga Fabrairu ta zama “Ranar Ronald Reagan”; har zuwa shekarata 2006, gwamnoni 40 sun yi hakan.

Cibiyar Kula da Kasafin Kuɗi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga shekarar 2008, ATR ta nemi karfafa nuna gaskiya da rikon amana a cikin gwamnati ta hanyar Cibiyar Kula da Kasafin Kudi. Manufofin kungiyar sun hada da tallafawa kirkirar wuraren adana bayanai na yanar gizo na kudaden da gwamnati ke kashewa, a tsakanin sauran shirye-shirye.

Kudin Ranar Gwamnati[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ATR tana daukar nauyin lissafin "Kudin Ranar Gwamnati", ranar da, a lissafin ta, "Amurkawa suka daina aiki don biyan kudaden haraji, kashe gibin, da ka'idoji daga gwamnatocin tarayya da na jihohi." Tun shekara ta 2008 Cibiyar da ke Kula da Kasafin Kuɗi ta ɗauki nauyin taron.

Kawancen Hakkokin Mallaka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kawancen Hakkokin Yan Adam aiki ne na Amurkawa don Gyara Haraji. Tana samarda exididdigar haƙƙin Internationalasashe na Duniya kowace shekara, haɓaka rankingancin mutum don mallakar mallakar keɓaɓɓu a ƙasashen duniya. Indexididdigar ya mai da hankali kan manyan abubuwa guda uku. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: Yanayi na Shari'a da Siyasa (LP), haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka na jiki (PPR), da haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaki na ilimi (IPR).

Yadda ake bada haraji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Oktoba na shekarata 2014 ATR din ya ce wani rahoto da Babban Sufeton Janar na Kula da Haraji (TIGTA) ya gano cewa IRS ba ta kiyaye bayanan harajin tarayya yadda ya kamata. IRS ne suka tattara bayanan harajin daga kudaden harajin da aka shigar a Amurka.

IRS tana ba da bayanan sirri ga sama da 280 na tarayya, jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi. A cewar wannan rahoton na TIGTA Littafin na IRS na Harajin Cikin Gida baya buƙatar ingancin shafin yanar gizo na ikon hukuma na kare bayanan harajin tarayya kuma baya saita wasu sharuɗɗa don asalin binciken hukumar don samun wannan bayanan.

Rahoton na TIGTA ya binciki hukumomi 15 wadanda suke karbar bayanan harajin gwamnatin tarayya kuma ya gano cewa babu daya daga cikinsu da ta gudanar da cikakken bincike game da ma'aikatan da ke kula da bayanan: wata hukumar ta gudanar da binciken kasa, hukumomin guda hudu masu yatsan hannu kuma daya ne kawai ke rajistar rajistar mai laifin . Kusan rabin hukumomin suna daukar masu laifi da aka yanke musu hukunci.

Bayanin harajin Tarayyar da aka baiwa wasu hukumomin dole ne ya zama sirrin dokar tarayya. [2]

Sauran ayyukan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ATR yana da layuka na musamman da yawa waɗanda aka keɓe don takamaiman batutuwa ciki har da Shareungiyar Masu Rarraba Amurka (ASA), Alliance for Freedom of Worker (AWF), da The Media Freedom Project (MFP).

A watan Oktoba shekarata 2010 ATR ta fara aika wa masu jefa kuri'a a Florida wasika tana umurtar su da su kira gwamnan Florida kuma dan takara mai zaman kansa na Majalisar Dattawa, Charlie Crist. Masu aika sakonnin ATR sun hada da hotunan Crist tare da Obama da kuma ambato daga marubutan dama.

Taron Laraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jim kaɗan bayan zaɓen Bill Clinton na shekarata 1992, hedkwatar ATR ta zama dandalin mako-mako, tare da rikodin rikodin rikodin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya don daidaita ayyuka da dabaru. "Taron Laraba" na Leaveungiyar Hadin gwiwar Mu bar mu ba da daɗewa ba ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar shirya siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Mahalarta kowane mako sun hada da shugabannin majalisar wakilai ta Republican, kungiyoyin masu tunani na dama, kungiyoyin masu ba da shawara masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu neman shiga K Street. George W. Bush ya fara tura wakili zuwa taron Laraba tun kafin ya bayyana a hukumance ya fito takarar shugaban kasa a 1999, kuma ya ci gaba da tura wakilai bayan zabensa a shekarata 2000.

ATR ta taimaka wajen kafa tarurruka na yau da kullun ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda aka tsara bayan taron Laraba a Washington, tare da burin ƙirƙirar haɗin yanar gizo na masu fafutuka masu ra'ayin mazan jiya don taimakawa goyan baya ga manufofi kamar rage haraji da lalata doka. A yanzu akwai tarurruka a cikin jihohi 48 da ƙari a duniya, tare da tarurruka a Kanada, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Faransa, Italia, Japan, Spain, da United Kingdom.

Mahimmancin taron na Laraba ya rinjayi masu sassaucin ra'ayi da Democrats don shirya irin waɗannan tarurruka don daidaita ayyukan game da manufofin su ɗaya. A cikin shekarar 2001, USA Today ta ruwaito cewa Rep. Rosa DeLauro ta fara irin wannan taron ne bisa roƙon shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat na wancan lokacin Richard Gephardt, har ma da yin ta a ranar Laraba.

Matsayin siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban manufar manufofin Amurkawa don Gyara Haraji shi ne rage kaso na GDP da gwamnati ke amfani da shi. ATR ta ce "tana adawa da duk ƙarin harajin a matsayin ƙa'ida." Amurkawa don Gyaran Haraji suna neman taƙaita kashe kuɗaɗen gwamnati ta hanyar tallafawa dokar biyan haraji na haƙƙoƙin (TABOR) da kuma manufofin nuna gaskiya, da adawa da dokokin cinikin-fatauci da ciniki da kuma ƙoƙarin Demokraɗiya don sake fasalin kiwon lafiya.

ATR memba ne na alungiyar Kawancen Masu Sanya Ruwa, wanda ke ɗaukar matsayi a cikin rikice-rikicen dumamar yanayi cewa "ilimin kimiyyar ɗumamar yanayi bai tabbata ba, amma mummunan tasirin tasirin ɗumamar ɗumamar duniya kan masu amfani duk gaskiya ne."[ana buƙatar hujja] ATR ta goyi bayan Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Dokar Shige da Fice na Shige da Fice na shekara ta 2006 kuma tana ci gaba da fifita wani kudurin dokar garambawul ga bakin haure.

ATR ta yi kira da a rage kasafin kudin tsaron domin rage kashe kudade. [3]

Dokoki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

ATR ta goyi bayan Dokar Bincike da Gasar Amurka ta 2014 (HR 4438; 113th Congress), lissafin da zai gyara Dokar Haraji ta Cikin Gida don gyara hanyar lissafi da ƙimar kuɗin haraji don ƙididdigar binciken ƙwarewa wanda ya ƙare a ƙarshen 2013 kuma zai sanya wannan ingantaccen darajar ta dindindin. ATR ya yi ikirarin cewa dokar za ta kasance "saukaka haraji na dindindin ga ma'aikatan Amurka" kuma ya nuna gaskiyar cewa darajar ta kasance tun shekarata 1981, amma 'yan kasuwa koyaushe suna fuskantar rashin tabbas game da hakan saboda ana tilasta wa Majalisar sabunta shi sau 14. Kamfanin ATR ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa kamfanoni sun riga sun fuskanci yawan harajin kudaden shiga na kamfanoni kuma cewa "saka jari a cikin sabbin fasahohi da hanyoyin samun jari na fuskantar matsin lamba daga wasu bangarorin lambar harajin."

ATR tana tallafawa HR 6246, Dokar Kare kumbura na Ritaya na shekarata 2016. An tsara wannan aikin ne don rage harajin samun babban jari ta hanyar rage haraji akan ribar babban birnin ta daidaitaccen ƙimar hauhawar farashin lokacin lokacin da aka saka hannun jari. ATR ta bayar da hujjar cewa ta hanyar sanya haraji ga ribar ba tare da yin la’akari da nasarorin da ya faru ba saboda hauhawar farashi, cewa ana hukunta masu saka hannun jari saboda saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci. Kungiyar ta wallafa budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga dan majalisar inda ta bukace su da su kada kuri’ar amincewa da kudirin, wanda ya maida hankali kan cutarwar da ke faruwa ga tsofaffi saboda rashin kariya da wannan kudurin zai samar. An gabatar da wannan dokar ne a ranar 28 ga Satumbar, 2016 a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka kuma har zuwa Nuwamba 2, 2016 ba a jefa ƙuri'a ba. [4]

Dokar kulawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A lokacin annobar 2020 COVID-19, kungiyar ta sami tallafi tsakanin $ 150,000 da $ 350,000 a cikin rancen kananan kasuwanci da gwamnatin tarayya ta tallafawa daga Bankin PNC a matsayin wani bangare na shirin Kariyar Biyan Kuɗi . Kungiyar ta ce za ta ba su damar rike ayyukan 33. An ga bashin na su sananne ne, tun da (da kuma musamman Norquist) suna yaƙin neman zaɓen gwamnati fiye da kima kuma su masu ba da shawara ne na ƙananan hukumomi. [5]

Da yake karin haske kan adadin rancen, Roll Call ya lura cewa ATR da ATR Foundation suna biyan Norquist jumlar dala 250,000 na shekara-shekara. Norquist kuma a baya ya soki kariyar rashin aikin yi na Dokar CARES a matsayin "jinkirta dawowa". [5]

Kasancewa tare da Jack Abramoff[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar wani rahoton bincike daga Kwamitin Harkokin Majalisar Dattawa na Indiya game da badakalar Jack Abramoff, wanda aka fitar a watan Yunin shekarata 2006, ATR ta kasance "hanyar ruwa" don kudaden da ke zuwa daga abokan cinikin Abramoff don ba da gudummawar kamfen din neman yakin neman zabe. Bayanai sun nuna cewa gudummawa daga Choctaw da Kickapoo kabilun zuwa ATR an haɗa su ne ta wani ɓangaren ta Abramoff, kuma a wasu lokutan ma a kan fara taron tsakanin kabilun da Fadar White House.

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Amurkawa don Harajin Gaskiya
  • Jama'a don Adalcin Haraji
  • Taxungiyar masu biyan haraji ta ƙasa
  • Asusun Haraji
  • Amurkawa da ke tsaye don Sauƙaƙe Harajin Estate

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Majiyoyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Berman, Russell. Norquist tax pledge takes election hit. The Hill, 2012-11-13.
  2. https://www.atr.org/new-report-finds-irs-failing-protect-confidential-tax-information
  3. "Senate Appropriators Offer Fake Freeze in Place of Spending Cuts" ATR, September 19, 2011.
  4. "H.R.6246 — 114th Congress (2015-2016)" Congress, November 2, 2016.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Vocal Opponents of Federal Spending Took PPP Loans, Including Ayn Rand Institute, Grover Norquist Group, Andrew Solender, Forbes, July 6, 2020