Kwamitin Gidaje da Ci Gaban
 Kwamitin Gidaje da Ci Gaban | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
statutory board of the Singapore Government (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Singapore |
| Mulki | |
| Shugaba |
Benny Lim (en) |
| Babban mai gudanarwa |
Tan Meng Dui (en) |
| Hedkwata |
Singapore da HDB Hub (en) |
| Mamallaki |
Ministry of National Development (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1960 |
    | |
Hukumar Housing & Development Board (HDB; galibi ana kiranta Hukumar Gidaje; Sinanci: 建屋發展局; pinyin: Jiànwū fāzhǎn jú; Malay: Lembaga Pembangunan dan Perumahan; Tamil: வீசம்மைப்பு. கழகம், romanized: Vīṭamaippu vaḷarccik kaḻakam), hukuma ce ta doka da ke ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ci gaban ƙasa da ke da alhakin gidajen jama'a a Singapore. An kafa shi a cikin 1960 a sakamakon ƙoƙarin da aka yi a ƙarshen 1950s don kafa hukuma don ɗaukar nauyin kula da gidaje na jama'a na Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT), HDB ta mayar da hankali kan gina gidaje na gaggawa da kuma sake tsugunar da mazauna kampong zuwa gidajen jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun farko na wanzuwarsa.
Wannan mayar da hankali ya sauya daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960, tare da gine-ginen HDB tare da ingantaccen kayan aiki da kuma ba da su don sayarwa. Daga shekarun 1970s, ta fara kokarin inganta hadin kan al'umma a cikin kadarorinta da neman ra'ayoyin mazauna. A cikin shekarun 1990s da 2000s, HDB ta gabatar da tsarin ingantawa da sake ginawa don dukiyar da ta manyanta, da kuma sababbin nau'ikan gidaje da aka nufa don biyan kungiyoyin samun kudin shiga daban-daban tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu. An sake tsara HDB a cikin 2003 don dacewa da kasuwar gidaje ta Singapore a cikin 2000s. Kokarin shiga mazauna tare da tsarin ingantawa ya karu a cikin 2000s da 2010s, kuma HDB ta fara aikin shigar da bangon hasken rana daga farkon 2010s.
HDB ta kunshi kwamiti mai mambobi 12 da sassan uku, Ginin, Gidaje da Sashen Kamfanoni. Baya ga samar da gidaje na jama'a, HDB tana kula da ayyukan farfado da ƙasa a Singapore kuma tana kula da ababen more rayuwa na albarkatun ƙasa na Singapore.
HDB kuma babban mai sayen ƙasar jihar ne daga Gwamnati tare da farashin sayan da HDB za ta biya zuwa cikin ajiyar da ta gabata.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihi da kafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shekarun 1940 da 1950, Singapore ta sami saurin haɓaka yawan jama'a, tare da yawan jama'ar da ke ƙaruwa zuwa miliyan 1.7 daga 940,700 tsakanin 1947 da 1957. Yanayin rayuwa na mutane a Singapore ya kara muni, tare da mutane da yawa da ke zaune a cikin ƙauyuka na al'ada ko shagunan da ke cikin ƙuƙwalwa.[2] Bugu da ƙari, Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT), wanda ke da alhakin gidaje na jama'a a Singapore, ya fuskanci matsaloli da yawa wajen samar da gidaje na gwamnati, tare da haya don gidaje yana da ƙarancin gaske don su kasance masu dorewa amma ba za a iya biyan su ba ga yawancin talakawa a Singapore. jinkirin amincewa da sabbin ci gaban gidaje ya rage yawan ginin gidaje a shekara ta 1958.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, dangane da binciken kwamitin karamar hukuma, gwamnati ta fara kokarin kafa sabon ikon gidaje a maimakon SIT. Wadannan kokarin sun ƙare a cikin Dokar Gidaje da Ci Gaban, wanda aka karanta wa Majalisar dokoki a 1958 kuma ya wuce shekara mai zuwa. Tare da wucewar lissafin, an kafa HDB a watan Fabrairun 1960, ta karɓi nauyin gidaje na jama'a na SIT.
A kan kafa Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Ci Gaban (HDB), ta sanar da shirye-shiryen gina gidaje sama da 50,000, galibi a cikin birni, a karkashin shirin shekaru biyar, kuma ta sami hanyoyin gina gidaje da arha yadda zai yiwu don matalauta su iya zama a cikinsu. HDB ta kuma ci gaba da kokarin SIT na gina gidajen gaggawa a Tiong Bahru, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don sake gina mutanen da gobarar Bukit Ho Swee fire">Bukit Ho Swee wuta kori a watan Mayu 1961. Bayan gobarar, HDB ta mayar da hankali ga kokarin ta kan sake gina Bukit Ho Swee, da sauri ta tsara da kuma gina gidan gidaje na jama'a a shafin wuta, tare da mutanen da suka rasa ta hanyar ayyukan sabunta birane da gobarar kampong da aka sake komawa cikin gidajen gidan. Mazaunansu ba sa son ɗakunan gaggawa guda ɗaya, don haka a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, HDB ta ci gaba da gina manyan ɗakuna, musamman a kusa da Yankin Tsakiya. Duk da haka, dukiyar Bukit Ho Swee ta nuna farkon kokarin sake zama na HDB, kuma an sake dawo da mazaunan kampong cikin gidajen jama'a. A shekara ta 1965, an gina gidaje 54,430, tare da karuwar yawan mutanen da ke zaune a gidajen HDB.[3]
Gidajen mazaunan kampong sun ba da damar HDB ta bi shirye-shiryen sake ginawa don Yankin Tsakiya, [3] kuma an kafa Sashen Sabuntawa na Birni a cikin HDB a cikin 1966 don gudanar da ayyukan sake ginawa. Wannan sashen ya kuma kula da gina sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa a yankin tsakiya kuma ya hada kai da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wajen gina sabbin gine-gine a wuraren da aka share. Koyaya, a cikin shekarun 1970s, ayyukan sabunta birane sun kasance babba ga sashen ya sarrafa shi kaɗai, don haka Hukumar Sabuntawa ta Birane, kwamitin doka, ta maye gurbin sashen a shekara ta 1974.
Tare da gina gidan Bukit Ho Swee, HDB ta kuma nemi canza yadda mazauna yankin ke nunawa, da kuma ba jihar iko mafi girma akan rayuwarsu.[3] Bugu da ƙari, tare da sabbin gidaje da ba a raba su da launin fata ba, HDB ta sauƙaƙa kafa al'ummomin launin fata a maimakon waɗanda suka raba launin fata.[4] Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun 1980s, rarrabuwar launin fata a cikin dukiyar HDB ta kara bayyana, don haka don rage yiwuwar tashin hankali na kabilanci, an gabatar da Manufar Haɗin Kai, wanda ya rufe yawan launin fata na mazauna a cikin dukiyoyin HDB, a cikin 1989.
HDB ta fara bayar da gidaje don sayarwa a shekara ta 1964, amma kamar yadda yawancin mazauna gida a lokacin ba za su iya yin hakan ba, da farko bai yi nasara sosai ba. Masu nema za su iya amfani da gudummawar su na Babban Asusun Gudanarwa (CPF) don biyan gidajensu tun daga shekarar 1968. Kudin karɓar sayayya ya karu kamar yadda a cikin shekarun 1980s, yawancin masu neman sayarwa suna zaɓar siyan su.[2] Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960 zuwa gaba, HDB ta tsara gidaje da dukiya tare da ingantaccen kayan more rayuwa da kayan aiki don inganta ingancin rayuwa. Don ci gaba da waɗannan ƙoƙarin, a cikin 1970s da 1980s, HDB ta gabatar da kwamitocin mazauna a cikin gidajensu don inganta haɗin kan al'umma, sassauta ka'idoji akan gyare-gyare, da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan ingantawa. Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da fadada tsoffin ɗakuna guda ɗaya da kuma gina sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa a cikin tsofaffin gidaje.[5] Bugu da kari, HDB ta fara neman ra'ayoyi daga mazauna ta hanyar Binciken Gida na Gida (SHS) daga 1975.[6]
A shekara ta 1982, an sauya iko akan Kamfanin Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane (HUDC) zuwa HDB. Tare da farashin gidajen HUDC da ke kusantar waɗanda ke cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, kuma aji na tsakiya suna iya siyan gidajen HDB, HDB ta dakatar da gina gidajen HU DC a cikin 1985.[5]
Shekaru na 1990 zuwa yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A kokarin karfafa matasa su ci gaba da zama a cikin tsofaffin gidajen jama'a, HDB ta ba da sanarwar Babban Shirin Ingantawa ga waɗancan gidaje a cikin 1989.[5] An san shi da Babban Shirin Ingantawa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya inganta waɗannan kadarorin ta hanyar ƙara sabbin wurare ga waɗannan kadarorin, inganta kayan aiki a cikin gidaje da canza yanayin ginshiƙan gidaje a yankuna daban-daban.[4] Bugu da kari, HDB ta fara shirin sake ginawa, Tsarin sake ginawa na Selective En block (SERS) a cikin 1995, inda aka rushe gidajen da aka zaɓa kuma an biya mazaunansu. SERS ta gudanar da tsare-tsaren sabuntawa a cibiyoyin gari a wasu tsofaffin gidaje a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. Akwai jimlar shafuka 81 na SERS tun daga shekarar 2018.[5]
Tare da tsare-tsaren ingantawa, HDB ta gabatar da sabbin tsare-tsare na gidaje da yawa a cikin shekarun 1990. Wadannan sun hada da tsarin Design da Build da Design Plus, tare da gidajen da aka tsara tare da haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu kuma an gina su zuwa matsayi mafi girma fiye da sauran gidaje, da kuma gine-ginen zartarwa, tare da abubuwan more rayuwa masu kama da gidaje masu zaman kansu.[5] An gabatar da ƙarin tsare-tsare a cikin 2000s, kamar Build-to-Order, wanda aka fara gina gidaje ne kawai bayan masu neman sun nemi su, da kuma Tsarin Design, Build and Sell, wanda masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu suka haɓaka kuma suka sayar da gidaje.[7]
Duk da haka, HDB ba ta iya daidaitawa da canje-canje a kasuwar gidaje ta Singapore da sauri a farkon 2000s. Don ƙayyadewa da sake bayyana matsayinta a kasuwar gidaje, an sake tsara HDB, yana canja wurin samar da rance zuwa bankunan masu zaman kansu, da kuma kamfanonin gine-gine da ci gaba don samar da sabon reshe, HDB Corp.
HDB ya ƙara ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don sa mazauna wurin samar da gidajen jama'a a cikin 2000s. Waɗannan yunƙurin sun haɗa da tsare-tsaren tuntuɓar jama'a da Shirin Sabunta Ƙungiya, wanda aka inganta ko inganta kayan aiki a cikin yankuna da yawa da ke kusa da su, kuma mazauna sun sami damar ba da amsa game da abubuwan da aka tsara. Ƙoƙarin haɓaka ɗimbin sa hannu na zama an yi a cikin 2013 tare da Gina Mafarkin Maƙwabtanmu! aikin, wanda mazauna za su iya ba da shawarar inganta unguwanni maimakon ba da amsa kawai, amma ayyukan farko ba su sami karbuwa sosai ba.[6]
HDB ta fara shigar da bangarorin hasken rana a kan gidajen jama'a da kuma kadarorinta a cikin shekarun 2010. A cikin 2014, tare da Hukumar Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, ta fara shirin SolarNova don kula da shigarwar panel na hasken rana a kan kadarorin gwamnati da gine-gine.[8]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A karkashin Dokar Gidaje da Ci Gaban, an ba da HDB aiki don tsarawa da aiwatar da gini ko inganta kowane gini, share wuraren da ba a sani ba, sarrafawa da kula da dukiya da gine-ginen da ta mallaka, da kuma samar da rance ga mutane don siyan ƙasa ko gidajen jama'a.[9] HDB kuma tana gudanar da ayyukan farfado da ƙasa kuma tana kula da ababen more rayuwa don ajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na Singapore.[8]
Shirye-shiryen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]HDB ta kunshi shugaban da wasu mambobi 11, [10] tare da sassan uku, Ginin, Gidaje da Sashen Kamfanoni, a ƙarƙashin ikon babban jami'in zartarwa, [11] wanda memba ne na kwamitin. [12] Kowace sashen an sake raba shi zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban. Bincike da Shirye-shiryen, Ci gaba da Sayarwa, Ingancin Gine-gine da Gine-gine-gine da Cibiyar Bincike suna ƙarƙashin sashen Gine-gine; Gudanar da Gidaje da Gidajen, Dangantaka da Gidauniyar Ƙasa a ƙarƙashin sashen Gidajen; da Ci gaban Kamfanoni, Sadarwar Kamfanoni.[11]
HDB kuma tana sarrafa kashi 75% na Ayyukan EM, kamfani da ke kula da kula da gidajen HDB da kadarorin, da kuma kadarorin sauran kungiyoyin jama'a.[13] Ana shirya ma'aikatan HDB a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar gida, HDB Staff Union (HDBSU). [14]
Babban shugabanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Sunan | Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su | Tabbacin. |
|---|---|---|
| Lim Kim San | 1960–1963 | |
| Tan Kia Gan | 1963–1966 | [15] |
| Howe Yoon Chong | 1966–1969 | |
| Pang Tee Pow | 1969–1970 | [16] |
| Lee Hee Seng | 1971–1975 | [17] |
| Michael Fam | 1975–1983 | [18] |
| Hsuan Owyang | 1983–1998 | |
| Ngiam Tong Dow | 1998–2003 | |
| Aline Wong | 2003–2007 | [19] |
| James Koh Cher Siang | 2007–2016 | [20] |
| Bobby Chin Yoke Choong | 2016–2023 | [21] |
| Benny Lim Siang Hoe | 2023– | [22] |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Corrections regarding HDB's deficits and Singapore's Past Reserves". Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lim, William Siew Wai (July–August 1984). "Public housing and community development in Singapore". Ekistics. 51 (307): 319–327. JSTOR 43621881. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 (Derek ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goh, Robbie B.H. (August 2001). "Ideologies of 'Upgrading' in Singapore Public Housing: Post-modern Style, Globalisation and Class Construction in the Built Environment". Urban Studies. 38 (9): 1589–1604. doi:10.1080/00420980120076821. JSTOR 43196729. S2CID 143688718. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Teo, Siew Eng; Kong, Lily (March 1997). "Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s". Urban Studies. 34 (3): 441–452. Bibcode:1997UrbSt..34..441S. doi:10.1080/0042098976069. JSTOR 43083375. S2CID 154318656. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cho, Im Sik; Nasution, Ivan; Lee, Jihye; Mascherenhas, Nina (Winter 2017). "Mechanisms for facilitating community participation in Singapore's neighbourhood-planning framework". Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. 34 (4): 320–335. JSTOR 44987240. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ Generalova, Elena; Generalov, Viktor (2014). "Social Issues: Designing High-Rise Housing: The Singapore Experience". CTBUH Journal (4): 40–45. JSTOR 24192834. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Annual Report 2019/2020". hdb.gov.sg. Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ "Housing and Development Act". sso.agc.gov.sg. Singapore Statutes Online. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ "Annual Report 2019/2020". hdb.gov.sg. Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Organisation Chart". hdb.gov.sg. Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ↑ "Corporate Governance". hdb.gov.sg. Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ↑ "Subsidiary and Associated Companies". hdb.gov.sg. Housing and Development Board. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ↑ "Housing & Development Board | Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP)". www.tafep.sg. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
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