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Kwamitocin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin (Burkina Faso)

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Kwamitocin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin (Burkina Faso)
Bayanai
Farawa 1983
Suna a harshen gida Comités de Défense de la Révolution
Wanda ya samar Thomas Sankara
Located in the present-day administrative territorial entity (en) Fassara Burkina Faso
Dissolved, abolished or demolished date (en) Fassara 1987
Wuri

Kwamitocin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin (Faransanci: Comités de Défense de la Révolution, CDRs) tsarin tsarin juyin juya hali ne na gida, wanda Marxist-Leninist da shugaban Pan-Africanist Thomas Sankara, Shugaban kasar daga 1983 har zuwa kisan kai aka yi masa a 1987. An kafa kwamitoci a kowane Wurin aiki. Kwamitocin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin a Cuba ne ya yi musu wahayi, kuma suna aiki a matsayin "ƙungiyoyin siyasa da zamantakewa".[1]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shekaru ashirin bayan mulkin mallaka daga Faransa, Jamhuriyar Upper Volta ta sha wahala da gwamnatocin soja da yawa da tashin hankali (da farko jagorancin ƙungiyar kwadago mai ƙarfi). A shekara ta 1982, Manjo Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo ya hambarar da gwamnatin Colonel Saye Zerbo, ya kafa mulkin Majalisar Ceto ta Jama'a (CSP). Rikicin tsakanin bangarori ya ci gaba tsakanin masu matsakaici a cikin CSP da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Thomas Sankara, tsohon soja wanda aka nada shi Firayim Minista a watan Janairun 1983.

An kama Sankara ba da daɗewa ba, wanda ya haifar da juyin mulki a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1983 wanda ya shirya da wasu Kyaftin Blaise Compaoré. An saki Sankara, kuma ya zama shugaban kasa. An kafa Majalisar Juyin Juya Halin Kasa (CNR) don mulkin kasar. A takaice dai ya fara aiwatar da wani shiri mai zurfi na zamantakewa, al'adu, tattalin arziki da siyasa, wanda ya kira "Democratic and Popular Revolution" (Faransa: Révolution démocratique et populaire, ko RDP).

Manufofin da Sankara ya kafa sun haɗa da kawar da hakkokin shugabannin kabilanci, ci gaba mai tsanani a cikin haƙƙin mata, ƙoƙarin rigakafin HIV / AIDS, kamfen ɗin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, manufofin kasashen waje da suka danganci adawa da mulkin mallaka, sake rarraba ƙasa daga masu mallakar gidaje zuwa manoma, allurar rigakafin yara, kamfen na karatu da rubutu a duk faɗin ƙasar, inganta gandun daji, da sauransu. An sake sunan Upper Volta Burkina Faso, don inganta sabon asalin ƙasa. Don cimma wannan canji mai ban mamaki na al'umma, ya kara yin amfani da ikon gwamnati a kan al'ummar, a ƙarshe ya haramta kungiyoyin kwadago da 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu. An gwada jami'an cin hanci da rashawa, "ma'aikata masu laushi" da masu adawa da juyin juya hali a fili a Kotunan Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a (Faransanci: Tribunaux populaires de la Révolution, TPRs). [2]

Ɗaya daga cikin kayan aiki na farko na aiwatar da "Jin Juyin Juya Halin Dimokuradiyya da Jama'a" shine Kwamitin Tsaro na Juyin Juyin Juyan Juya Halitta. An kafa su ne a shekara ta 1983, bayan an ambaci su a jawabin farko na Sankara bayan juyin mulkin - ya yi kira ga "mutane na Voltaic da su kafa Kwamitocin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin a ko'ina don su shiga cikin babban gwagwarmayar kishin kasa ta CNR da kuma hana abokan gaba mu cutar da mutanensu. "[3] [4]

Sankara, wanda Che Guevara da Juyin Juya Halin Cuba suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su,[5] ya tsara su bayan kwamitocin Defensa de la Revolución na Cuba, cibiyar sadarwa ta unguwa a fadin tsibirin. Fidel Castro ne ya kafa su a cikin 1960, Castro ya kira su "tsarin hadin gwiwa na juyin juya hali".[6]

Duk da haka, CDRs na Burkinabé sun ɗauki hanyar da ta fi dacewa - Sankara ya yi niyyar su zama sabon tushe na al'umma, dandamali don tattara jama'a [7] wanda zai sauya rayuwa a Burkina Faso kuma ya sake fasalin sararin zamantakewa a matakin gida. Wannan burin sake fasalin ayyukan al'umma ya faru ne ta hanyar Kwamitin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin ta hanyar ƙoƙarin tattara jama'a, da kuma gudanar da ilimin siyasa.[8] Har ila yau, an nuna shigar da mutane cikin mulki a matsayin "hanya mafi kyau don kauce wa sojojin da ke karɓar iko don kansu", kuma saboda haka an ba da CDRs nauyin gudanarwa, tattalin arziki da shari'a.[9]

Wasu sun kalli Kwamitin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin da ba su da kyau, suna aiwatar da zalunci maimakon juyin juya halin zamantakewa. An yi zargin cewa an kafa CDRs ne don tsoratar da raunana kungiyoyin kwadago da sauran kungiyoyin da aka kafa.[3] firist na Katolika na Uganda Emmanuel Katongole ya rubuta cewa CDRs suna aiki ne a matsayin "masu gudanarwa da kungiyoyin masu tsaro maimakon masu kula da abin da sabuwar al'umma da ta canza da gaske zata iya zama kamar yadda take. " Wasu sun bayyana CDRs a hankali suna fadawa cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan maimakon a kafa su, suna lalacewa daga sanannun kungiyoyin jama'a zuwa ƙungiyoyin 'yan bindiga masu dauke da makamai waɗanda suka yi karo da' yan sana'a.[10]

A Ghana, karkashin jagorancin Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa ta wucin gadi (PNDC), rundunar soja karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, an kafa kungiyoyi masu suna Kwamitin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1984, mai yiwuwa an yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar Burkinabé bambancin sunan. Wadannan an yi niyyar "yi aiki a matsayin masu tsaro game da cin hanci da rashawa", kuma sun maye gurbin Kwamitin Tsaro na Jama'a da Ma'aikata na baya.[11] [12] [13] Rawlings, babban aboki na Thomas Sankara,[14] zai karɓi manufofi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na dama maimakon irin wannan na hagu.[15]

A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1987 wani rukuni na jami'an soja ya kashe Sankara, a cikin juyin mulki da tsohon abokin aikinsa da abokinsa, Blaise Compaoré ya shirya. Duk da sanin yaduwar mutuwar mai juyin juya hali, wasu CDRs sun kafa tsayayya da sojoji na kwanaki da yawa.[16] Compaoré, wanda zai ci gaba da mulkin Burkina Faso kusan kusan shekaru talatin kafin a kore shi daga mulki ta hanyar tashin hankali na Burkinabé na 2014 (akalla wani bangare da Thomas Sankara ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi[17]), nan da nan ya fara juyar da yawancin gyare-gyaren da aka yi da sunan "Democratic and Popular Revolution". Daga cikin sauran canje-canje, an soke Kwamitin Tsaro na Juyin Juya Halin da sauri.[18]

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Otayek, René (1986). "The Revolutionary Process in Burkina Faso: Breaks and Continuities". In Markakis, John; Waller, Michael (eds.). Military Marxist Régimes in Africa. London: Frank Cass. p. 95. ISBN 113-517-654-X.
  2. ↑ Robin Shuffield (Director) (2006). Thomas Sankara: The Upright Man. San Francisco: California Newsreel.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kandeh, Jimmy D. (2004). Coups from Below: Armed Subalterns and State Power in West Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 124. ISBN 140-397-877-8.
  4. ↑ Bonkoungou, Mathieu (17 October 2007). "Burkina Faso salutes "Africa's Che" Thomas Sankara". Reuters. London. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  5. ↑ Samfuri:Cite speech
  6. ↑ Welch, Claude E. (1990). "Human Rights in Francophone West Africa". In An-Na'im, Abdullahi; Deng, Francis M. (eds.). Human Rights in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 192. ISBN 081-571-563-3.
  7. ↑ (Francis M. ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ Boudon, Laura E. (2005). "Burkina Faso". In Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. London: Psychology Press. p. 211. ISBN 157-958-388-1.
  9. ↑ Lawson, Edward H.; Bertucci, Mary Lou, eds. (1996). Encyclopedia of Human Rights. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis. p. 167. ISBN 156-032-362-0.
  10. ↑ Kandé, Sylvie (1994). Irele, Abiola; Jeyifo, Biodun (eds.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 303. ISBN 019-533-473-6.
  11. ↑ Sklar, Richard L. (1994). "Social Class and Political Action in Africa: The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat". In Apter, David Ernest; Rosberg, Carl Gustav (eds.). Political Development and the New Realism in Sub-Saharan Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. p. 134. ISBN 081-391-479-5.
  12. ↑ Katongole, Emmanuel (2011). The Sacrifice of Africa: A Political Theology for Africa. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 97. ISBN 978-080-286-268-6.
  13. ↑ Dickovick, J. Tyler (2014). Africa 2014. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 74. ISBN 978-147-581-238-1.
  14. ↑ Dickovick, J. Tyler (2013). Africa 2013. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. ISBN 978-081-087-500-5.
  15. ↑ Owusu-Ansah, David (2014). Historical Dictionary of Ghana. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 225. ISBN 978-147-580-472-0.
  16. ↑ Duval Smith, Alex (30 April 2014). "'Africa's Che Guevara': Thomas Sankara's legacy". British Broadcasting Corporation. Ouagadougou. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  17. ↑ Kobo, Kingsley (31 October 2014). "Burkina Faso: Ghost of 'Africa's Che Guevara'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  18. ↑ Ake, Claude (2001). Democracy and Development in Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 95. ISBN 081-572-348-2.
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