Kwayar cutar Carrot Y
| Kwayar cutar Carrot Y | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Dangi | Potyviridae (mul)  |
| Genus | Potyvirus (mul)
|
| jinsi | Carrot virus Y ,
|
Kwayar cutar Carrot Y (CarVY) kwayar cutar ce (+) ss-RNA wacce ke shafar amfanin gona na dangin carrot (Apiaceae), irin su carot, anise, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill da parsnip.[1] Carrots ne kawai sanannen amfanin gona da za a kamu da shi a filin. Cutar da kwayar cutar ta haifar da tushen da ya lalace da ganye masu launi ko maras kyau. Kwayar cutar ta yadu ta hanyar kwari, kuma a halin yanzu ana samun ta ne kawai a Ostiraliya.[2]
Alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamomin CarVY a cikin ganyen carrot na iya haɗawa da ƙwayoyin chlorotic (ƙananan launin rawaya na yau da kullun), necrosis na leaflet ko reding, chlorosis na ganye, da kuma shuka shuka. Necrosis yana faruwa ne lokacin da kwayoyin halitta ko ƙwayoyin halitta suka mutu ko suka lalace. Necrosis na shuka yana haifar da ganye, tsokoki da sauran sassan shuka don duhu da bushewa. Wannan sakamakon kwayar cutar ne ta amfani da shuka a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin, yayin da ake karkatar da makamashi na shuka zuwa kwayar cutar maimakon ci gaban shuka. A tsawon lokaci, wannan ƙarancin makamashi yana haifar da necrosis a yankin da ya kamu da cutar inda kwayar cutar ke ninka kanta.[3] A cikin chlorosis na shuke-shuke, ƙwayoyin da ke da kore sun zama fari, rawaya, ko kuma sun yi haske. Wannan ya haifar da chlorophyll ya kasa bunkasa saboda kamuwa da kwayar cutar.[4] Bugu da ƙari, shuka mai kamuwa da cutar na iya nuna bayyanar 'fuka-fuki' saboda karuwa a cikin sassan takardu carrot.[1][5]
Alamun ganye da alamun shuke-shuke sun bambanta sosai tsakanin nau'ikan carrot daban-daban. Wasu tsire-tsire za su sami alamun bayyanar da za a iya gani daga nesa. Koyaya, wasu na iya nuna alamun da suke da sauƙi sosai har ma da idan aka bincika tsire-tsire masu cutar sosai. A cikin amfanin gona mai girma, alamun ganye na CarVY suna da sauƙin rikicewa tare da alamun rashi na abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, masu shuka suna daina ƙara taki a ƙarshen kowane lokacin girma don rage cututtukan carrot bayan girbi. Wannan yana haifar da alamun launin rawaya, wanda za'a iya rikitar da alamun da suka yi kama da waɗanda CarVY ya haifar.[5]
Tushen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tushen tsire-tsire na carrot ma sun lalace sosai sakamakon kamuwa da cuta ta CarVY. Lokacin da tsire-tsire na carrot suka kamu da CarVY a farkon matakin a cikin sake zagayowar girma, suna nuna tushen tushe tare da mummunar karkatarwa da ƙuƙwalwa (ciwon 'Michelin carrot'". Karotunan da suka kamu da cutar daga baya a cikin sake zagayowar rayuwa sun fi tsayi kuma sun fi tsami fiye da karotunan da aka kamu da cutar a baya. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsire-tsire da suka kamu da cutar da wuri, saman tushen suna fitowa daga ƙasa kuma suna fuskantar rana. Wannan yana haifar da 'kafar' na karoshi suna juya launin kore. Tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cutar na farko suna da mummunar lalacewar jijiyoyin jijiyoyi na ciki. Maimakon siffar zagaye na yau da kullun, karoshi suna nuna bambancin jijiyoyin da ke kama da tauraro wanda ya kunshi jujjuyawar da yawa.[5]
An watsar da dukkan filayen saboda kamuwa da cuta. Rashin lalacewar tushen da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta farko ya sa karotuna ba za a iya sayar da su ba. Carrots da suka kamu da cutar daga baya a cikin sake zagayowar girma ba sa nuna irin wannan lalacewa mai ban mamaki, amma har yanzu ana ɗaukar su da ƙarancin sha'awa kuma ana sayar da su da ƙanƙantaccen farashi.[1]
Tsarinsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]CarVY na cikin dangin Kwayoyin cuta na Potyviridae. Potyviruses ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ba a rufe shi ba waɗanda suke da ma'auni. Wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu laushi yawanci 720-850 nm ne da tsawo da 12-15 nm a diamita.[6] Za'a iya gano virions din su cikin sauƙi a cikin samfurori na ganye masu kamuwa da cuta ta amfani da microscopy na lantarki.[5]
Kwayar halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]kwayar halitta ta CarVY ba tare da sashi ba, tana da 1,754 kb.[7] CarVY yawanci 11 nm ne mai faɗi da 770 nm tsawo.[6]
Vectors
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aphids
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
CarVY ana watsa shi tsakanin tsire-tsire ta hanyar aphids, gami da waɗanda ba sa yawan zama karoshi. Aphids kwari ne masu taushi waɗanda ke cin abinci a kan ruwan shuka. Yankin bakinsu na shanyewa yana ba da damar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta tsakanin tsire-tsire. Tare da ikon su na haifuwa ba tare da jima'i ba, suna iya ninkawa da mulkin mallaka da sauri. Wannan yana ba su damar yaduwar kwayar cutar da sauri. Myzus persicae (M. personae) , ƙaramin kore mai suna aphid wanda aka fi sani da green peach aphid, shine mafi kyawun mai watsa kwayar cutar.[2] Ta hanyar cin abinci a kan ruwan tsire-tsire na carrot, aphids suna cinye kwayar cutar ta mai masaukin, wanda daga baya za su iya watsawa ga wasu tsire-shuke marasa kamuwa da cuta waɗanda za su ci. Sauran nau'o'in mulkin mallaka, irin su Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid) da D. apiifolia (hawthorn parsley aphid), suma suna iya zama masu cin nasara. Dabbobi marasa mulkin mallaka kamar su Lipahis erysimi (turnip aphid) da Acyrthosiphon kondoi (bluegreen aphid), na iya zama masu watsawa masu inganci.[8]
Tsire-tsire
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]tabbatar da cewa CarVY zai iya yaduwa a cikin bincike na gaba, ana sa ran zai kasance a ƙananan matakan, kamar yadda Kwayar cutar Lettuce mosaic (LMV), kwayar cutar potyvirus, tana yaduwa ne kawai a ƙananan matakan. LMV kwayar cuta ce da ke shafar amfanin gona. Idan an tabbatar da yaduwar iri, za a buƙaci a gwada kayan iri akai-akai kafin a shuka [5]
Rarraba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan aphid ya sami nasarar ɗaukar virion, kuma virion ya kasance mai ɗorewa, ana iya watsa kwayar cutar zuwa sabon mai masauki. Dangane da aphid, ƙwayoyin cuta ne marasa zagayawa. Kwayoyin cuta marasa zagayawa suna da alaƙa da bangarorin baki da foregut, suna ba su dangantaka mai zurfi da na ɗan lokaci tare da vector. CarVY ba ya baygaba yana cutar da aphid vector. Yaduwar kwayar cuta ta ƙunshi aƙalla matakai uku:
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Carrot virus Y". www.agric.wa.gov.au (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Carrot virus Y: Page 2 of 2". www.agric.wa.gov.au (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ↑ "The Definition of Necrosis in Plants". Sciencing (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ↑ "Chlorosis | plant disease". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Latham, Lindrea J; Jones, Roger A.C (March 2004). "Carrot virus Y: symptoms, losses, incidence, epidemiology and control". Virus Research. 100 (1): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.017. ISSN 0168-1702. PMID 15036839.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Potyvirus ~ ViralZone page". viralzone.expasy.org. Archived from the original on 2019-09-26. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ↑ "Carrot virus Y country Australia polyprotein gene, partial cds" (in Turanci). 2002-10-10. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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