Léopold Sédar Senghor
Léopold Sédar Senghor (/sɒŋˈɡɔːr/ song-GOR, Faransanci: [leɔpɔl sedaʁ sɑ̃ɡɔʁ]; 9 Oktoba 1906 - 20 Disamba 2001) ɗan siyasan Senegal ne, masanin al'adu kuma mawaƙi wanda ya zama shugaban farko na Senegal daga 1960.
A ra'ayi ɗan gurguzu na Afirka, Senghor yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana ka'idojin Négritude. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan al'adun Afirka, baƙar fata, da ƙarfafa Afirka a cikin tsarin dangantakar Faransa da Afirka. Ya ba da shawarar tsawaita cikakken haƙƙin farar hula da na siyasa ga yankunan Afirka na Faransa yayin da yake jayayya cewa Faransawa na Afirka za su fi dacewa a cikin tsarin Faransa na tarayya fiye da a matsayin ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu.
Senghor ya zama shugaban kasar Senegal na farko mai cin gashin kansa. Ya yi kaca-kaca da babban abokinsa Mamadou Dia wanda shi ne firaministan kasar Senegal, inda suka kama shi bisa zargin kitsa juyin mulki tare da daure shi na tsawon shekaru 12. Senghor ya kafa wata kasa mai mulki ta jam'iyya daya a Senegal, inda aka haramtawa duk jam'iyyun siyasa masu hamayya da juna.
Senghor shi ne wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar Democratic Bloc ta Senegal a shekarar 1948. Shi ne dan Afirka na farko da aka zaba a matsayin memba na kungiyar Académie française kuma ya lashe kyautar Nonino ta kasa da kasa a shekarar 1985 a Italiya. Mutane da yawa suna kallon Senghor a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masanan Afirka na karni na 20.
Shekarun farko: 1906-28
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Léopold Sédar Senghor a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1906 a birnin Joal, kimanin kilomita 110 kudu da Dakar, babban birnin Senegal. Mahaifinsa, Basile Diogoye Senghor (lafazi: Basile Jogoy Senghor), ɗan kasuwan gyada ne [1] na mutanen Burgeois Serer.[2][3][4] An ce Basile Senghor babban mutum ne kuma ya mallaki dubunnan shanu da filaye masu fadi, wasu daga cikinsu wanda dan uwansa sarkin Sine ya ba shi. Gnilane Ndiémé Bakhoum (1861-1948), mahaifiyar Senghor, matar mahaifinsa ta uku, musulma ce mai asalin Fula wadda ta fito daga kabilar Tabor, an haife ta a kusa da Djilor ga dangin Kirista. Ta haifi ‘ya’ya shida, ciki har da ‘ya’ya maza biyu[5]. Takardar shaidar haihuwar Senghor ta bayyana cewa an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1906; duk da haka, akwai saɓani da takardar shaidar baftisma, wadda ta ce ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga Agusta 1906.[6] Sunansa na tsakiya na Serer Sédar ya fito ne daga harshen Serer, ma'ana "wanda ba za a wulakanta ba" ko "wanda ba za ka iya wulakanta ba"[7][8]. Sunan nasa Senghor hade ne na kalmomin Serer Sène (sunan Serer da sunan Babban Allahntaka a addinin Serer da ake kira Rog Sene) [9] da gor ko ghor, asalin asalinsu shine kor a cikin yaren Serer, ma'ana namiji ko mutum. Tukura Badiar Senghor, yariman Sine kuma wani mutumi daga wanda aka ba da rahoton cewa Léopold Sédar Senghor ya samo asali ne, c. Serer mai daraja na ƙarni na 13.[10][11].
Yana da shekaru takwas, Senghor ya fara karatunsa a Senegal a makarantar kwana ta Ngasobil na Uban Ruhu Mai Tsarki. A 1922, ya shiga makarantar hauza a Dakar. Bayan an gaya masa cewa rayuwar addini ba ta gare shi ba, sai ya je wata makarantar boko. A lokacin, ya riga ya kasance mai sha'awar adabin Faransanci. Ya ci nasara a cikin Faransanci, Latin, Girkanci da Algebra. Bayan kammala karatunsa na Baccalaureate, an ba shi tallafin karatu don ci gaba da karatunsa a Faransa.[12].
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Vaillant, Janet G. (1976). Bâ, Sylvia Washington; Senghor, Leopold Sedar; Hymans, Jacques-Louis; Markovitz, Irving; Milcent, Ernest; Sordet, Monique (eds.). "Perspectives on Leopold Senghor and the Changing Face of Negritude". ASA Review of Books. 2: 154–162. doi:10.2307/532364. ISSN 0364-1686. JSTOR 532364.
- ↑ Collins, Robert O. (1990). African History: Western African History. p. 130.
- ↑ Senegalaisement.com
- ↑ Bibliographie, Dakar, Bureau de documentation de la Présidence de la République, 1982 (2nd édition), 158 pp.
- ↑ Bibliographie, Dakar, Bureau de documentation de la Présidence de la République, 1982 (2nd édition), 158 pp.
- ↑ Washington Ba, Sylvia (8 March 2015). The Concept of Negritude in the Poetry of Leopold Sedar Senghor. Princeton University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-400-86713-4.
- ↑ Becker, Charles, and Waly Coly Faye, "La Nomination Sereer", Ethiopiques, n° 54, revue semestrielle de culture Négro-Africaine Nouvelle série volume 7, 2e semestre 1991.
- ↑ Université De La Vallée D'Aoste. LÉOPOLD SÉDAR SENGHOR (1906–2001).
- ↑ Thiaw, Issa Laye, "La Religiousite des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation", Ethiopiques, No. 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Vol. 7, 2e Semestre 1991.
- ↑ Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine-Saloum, Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3–4, 1986–1987.
- ↑ R. P. Gravrand, Le Gabou Dans Les Traditions Orales Du Ngabou, Ethiopiques numéro 28 – numéro special, Revue Socialiste de culture Négro-Africaine. Octobre 1981.
- ↑ Ryan, Bryan. Major 20th-Century Writers: a selection of sketches from contemporary authors, Volume 4, Gale Research, 1991. ISBN 0-8103-7915-5, ISBN 978-0-8103-7915-2.