Lü Jinghua

Samfuri:DataboLü Jinghua (Lan-zh; an haife shi a 1960) ɗan adawa ne kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam daga ƙasar Sin, kuma yana daga cikin manyan mambobin Ƙungiyar 'Yan Ƙwadago ta Beijing (BWAF) a lokacin zanga-zangar Tiananmen a shekarar 1989. BWAF ita ce ƙungiyar 'yan ƙwadago ta farko mai zaman kanta a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC), wadda aka kafa a matsayin madadin Ƙungiyar 'Yan Ƙwadago ta Ƙasa gaba ɗaya da jam’iyya ke iko da ita, kuma Lü ya kasance mai watsa labarai na ƙungiyar. Bayan matakin murƙushe zanga-zangar ranar 4 ga Yuni, an saka Lü cikin jerin sunayen mafiya laifi da ake nema a ƙasar Sin, daga nan sai ya tsere zuwa Amurka.

Rayuwa ta farko da kuma kafin Tiananmen

An haifi Lü a Chongqing ga iyayen masu goyon bayan jam'iyya. Mahaifinta ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar kafin kafa PRC a 1949, kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai fafutukar unguwa a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu . Lü ta halarci Makarantar Tsakiya ta Yucai, inda yawancin abokan karatunta 'ya'ya maza da mata ne na jami'an Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a. Ta halarci makarantar zane-zane na shekara Gadda sannan ta gudanar da ayyuka da yawa, babu wani daga cikinsu da ya daɗe: a cikin kamfani na kasuwanci a Guangzhou, a gonar kaza a cikin ƙauye kusa da Beijing, kuma, a 1986, a matsayin manajan kantin sayar da tufafi mai zaman kansa, wanda ake kira getihu.

Matsayi a cikin zanga-zangar Tiananmen

A kan hanyarsa ta zuwa shagon tufafin da ke kan Chang'an Avenue, Lü ta wuce Tiananmen a kan keken ta kowace rana, sau da yawa tana tsayawa don kallon masu zanga-zangar da suka wuce ko sauraron jawabin dalibai. Kodayake ba ta da sha'awar siyasa sosai, bayan yajin aikin yunwa da dalibai ke jagoranta ya fara a ranar 13 ga Mayu, sai ta fara ba da tallafi ga masu zanga-zangar ta hanyar kawo abinci ga tarurrukan dalibai daban-daban. A musayar, ɗaliban sun gaya wa Lü game da bukatunsu, dimokuradiyya, da labarun cin hanci da rashawa na jam'iyya. Kamar yadda Lü ya tuna a cikin shirin The Gate of Heavenly Peace:

Mu ma'aikata da talakawa muna kallo. Sa'an nan, lokacin da dalibai suka fara yajin aikin yunwa, ta amfani da rayuwarsu don tayar da dukan al'ummar, mutane sun ji nauyin su, kuma sun tashi.

Lü ya fara tafiya tare da ɗalibai ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 26 ga watan Mayu, Lü ta ba da ayyukanta ga kungiyar ma'aikatan Beijing Autonomous Federation da aka kafa kwanan nan, da farko tana tattara kudade da taimako daga abokanta a shagon tufafi. Lü na ɗaya daga cikin mata kawai da suka shiga BWAF . Bayan dalibai sun ki ma'aikata su sami damar yin amfani da masu magana da babbar murya a cikin filin, an kafa tashar watsa shirye-shirye a hedkwatar BWAF kusa da wurin bita na yamma a waje da Tiananmen. A cewar masana zamantakewa Andrew G. Walder da Gong Xiaoxia, tashar ta zama muhimmiyar al'amari na kasancewar BWAF a filin, tana watsa shirye-shirye daga safe zuwa maraice. Wani bangare saboda muryarta mai ƙarfi da umurni, Lü ta zama murya ga tsarin jawabin jama'a na ƙungiyar, karanta takardun da ma'aikata, 'yan jarida, ma'aikatan ofishin gwamnati suka gabatar, har ma da ma'aikatan jam'iyya da sojoji. Lü ya karanta duk abin da aka gabatar ciki har da waƙoƙi, manifestos, roƙo don tallafin kayan aiki, kalmomin waƙa, wasikun buɗewa, sanarwa don zanga-zangar, da kuma ba da labarai don karfafa ma'aikata da masu kallo.

Ta kuma taimaka wajen samar da takardun hannu da takardu ta amfani da mimeograph mai sauƙi, ta sayi littattafai da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da cin hanci da rashawa na Jam'iyyar, ta ziyarci masana'antun da ke kusa don gwadawa da tara ma'aikata don tallafawa ɗalibai, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun BWAF daga 26 ga Mayu zuwa 3 ga Yuni. A cikin wannan rawar ta ƙarshe, Lü ta fuskanci tashin hankali tsakanin ma'aikata da ɗalibai, tana mai cewa a wani lokaci cewa lokacin da ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi magana da Chai Ling, ɗaliban da "suna kula da tsarkakar motsi" sun juya Lü.

Bayan sojoji sun shiga filin a ranar 3-4, Lü ya taimaka wajen lalata jerin sunayen mambobin BWAF kafin su kwashe. A ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, Kwamandan Shari'a na Sojoji ya ayyana BWAF kungiya ce ba bisa ka'ida ba, ya umarce ta da ta rushe, kuma ya sanya shugabanninta a cikin "manyan masu tayar da kayar baya da masu shirya tawaye a babban birnin juyin juya halin. " Bayan da aka kama mambobin BWAF da yawa, Lü ta yi makonni da yawa tana tserewa: ta farko a cikin gidan aboki, kafin ta gudu zuwa lardin Hebei a arewa maso gabas, inda mijinta ke aiki (mijinta, Li Zhilang, zai yi aiki a kurkuku watanni bakwai). A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, an sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fi nema a matsayin "babban mai laifi wanda ba a kama shi ba tukuna," kasancewar ita ce kawai ma'aikaciyar mace da ta kasance a cikin jerin. Daga ƙarshe Lü ya isa Guangzhou. A can, masu gwagwarmayar Hong Kong da 'yan jarida sun kafa Hanyar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa, kuma, a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, ta sami damar tsallaka iyaka zuwa aminci a Hong Kong. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1989, watanni biyar bayan da ta nemi mafaka ta siyasa a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Hong Kong, ta isa Los Angeles a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira ta siyasa.

Rayuwa bayan Tiananmen

Ta yi aiki a wani kantin sayar da kayan masarufi a Los Angeles, kafin ta koma New York. Ta hanyar bayyanarta da gwagwarmaya tare da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, Lü ta zo ga hankalin kungiyar ma'aikatan tufafin mata ta kasa da kasa (ILGWU), wanda ya hayar da ita a shekarar 1990. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya da kuma malami tare da ILGWU har zuwa 1996 lokacin da kungiyar ta haɗu da Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Kayan Kayan Kungiyar A shekara ta 1996, ta sauya zuwa gina tsarin kwamfuta; a yau tana sayar da dukiya.

Tun lokacin da ya bar kasar Sin, Lu ya yi kamfen sosai don kare hakkin ma'aikata da kuma dimokuradiyya a kasar Sin. A shekara ta 1990, ta sadu da sanatocin Amurka da AFL-CIO don gwadawa da shawo kansu su yi kamfen don sakin ma'aikatan kasar Sin, musamman wadanda aka daure bayan zanga-zangar Tiananmen. Har ila yau, a cikin 1990, Human Rights Watch ta girmama ta saboda kokarin da ta yi a madadin masu fafutukar aiki da aka daure a kasar Sin. Ya zuwa 2017, yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Sin don Dimokuradiyya, ƙungiyar da Wang Bingzhang ya kafa a 1983 wanda ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da dimokuradiyya na China.

Lü ta yi ƙoƙari ta koma China a 1992 don ganin mahaifiyarta da 'yarta, amma an hana ta shiga Filin jirgin saman Beijing Capital International. A shekara ta 1994, 'yarta ta sami damar shiga Lü a New York. Lokacin da iyayenta suka mutu a cikin 1998 da 1999, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ki ba da biza ga Lü don halartar jana'izarsu.

A watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Lü na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan adawa da aka ba su izinin halartar jana'izar mai fafutuka da ɗan siyasa na Hong Kong Szeto Wah a Hong Kong. [1] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, Lü ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi tafiya zuwa Indiya don halartar taron Interfaith na kabilanci da addinai na kasar Sin, da kuma saduwa da Dalai Lama, amma an hana shi shiga. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnatin kasar Sin ce ta kasance wani abu da ke bayan sokewar, saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin zanga-zangar Tiananmen da kuma Matsayin gwamnatin kasar Sin game da Tibet da Dalai Lama.[2] Gwamnatin Indiya ta musanta wannan, duk da haka, tana jayayya cewa Lü ya nemi takardar visa mara kyau.