Labarin yanayi
 Labarin yanayi | |
|---|---|
speculative fiction genre (en)  da science fiction theme (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
ecofiction (en) |
| Muhimmin darasi | Canjin yanayi da canjin yanayi |
Labarin yanayi (wani lokacin ana taƙaita shi zuwa Cli-fi) wallafe-wallafen ne da ke hulɗa da Canjin yanayi. Gabaɗaya hasashe ne a cikin yanayi amma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar kimiyyar yanayi, ayyukan almara na yanayi na iya faruwa a duniya kamar yadda muka sani, a nan gaba, ko a cikin duniyar almara da ke fuskantar canjin yanayi. Irin sau da yawa ya haɗa da fiction kimiyya da jigogi na dystopian ko Utopia, tunanin yiwuwar makomar da ke dogara da bincike game da Tasirin canjin yanayi da hasashe game da yadda mutane zasu iya amsawa ga waɗannan da matsalar canjin yanayi. Labarin yanayi yawanci ya haɗa da canjin yanayi na ɗan adam da sauran batutuwan muhalli kamar yadda ya saba da yanayi da bala'i gabaɗaya. Fasahar kamar aikin injiniya na yanayi ko ayyukan daidaita yanayin sau da yawa suna nunawa a cikin ayyukan da ke bincika tasirin su akan al'umma.
Kalmar "cli-fi" galibi ana ba da ita ga mai ba da labarai mai zaman kansa da mai fafutukar yanayi Dan Bloom, wanda ya kirkiro shi a ko dai 2007 ko 2008. [1] Nuni ga "fiction na yanayi" ya bayyana ya fara ne a cikin shekarun 2010, kodayake an yi amfani da kalmar a baya ga ayyuka da yawa.[2] Marubutan ƙarni na 20 na tarihin yanayi sun haɗa da J. G. Ballard da Octavia E. Butler, yayin da fiction dystopian daga Margaret Atwood galibi ana ambaton shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa ga fitowar jinsi. Tun daga shekara ta 2010, shahararrun marubutan cli-fi sun hada da Kim Stanley Robinson, Richard Powers, Paolo Bacigalupi, da Barbara Kingsolver . Buga littafin Robinson's The Ministry for the Future a cikin 2020 ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da fitowar jinsi; aikin ya haifar da shugaban kasa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma gayyatar Robinson don saduwa da masu tsarawa a Pentagon.
Darussan jami'a kan wallafe-wallafen da batutuwan muhalli na iya haɗawa da fiction na canjin yanayi a cikin syllabi. Wannan rukunin wallafe-wallafen an tattauna su ta hanyar wallafe-finai daban-daban, gami da The New York Times, The Guardian, da mujallar Dissent, a tsakanin sauran kafofin watsa labarai na duniya. Jerin tarihin yanayi sun tattara ta kungiyoyi ciki har da Grist, Outside Magazine, da New York Public Library.[3] Masana kimiyya da masu sukar suna nazarin yiwuwar tasirin fiction a fagen sadarwa na canjin yanayi.
Kalmomin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bloom ya yi amfani da kalmar don bayyana littafinsa na Polar City Red, wani labari na bayan apocalyptic game da 'Yan gudun hijirar yanayi a Alaska da aka kafa a cikin 2075, wanda bai yi nasara ba a kasuwanci. Daga baya ya shiga cikin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, lokacin da Christian Science Monitor da NPR suka gudanar da labaru game da sabon motsi na wallafe-wallafen litattafai da fina-finai waɗanda suka shafi Canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar.[4] Bloom ya kasance mai sukar rashin ambaton rawar da ya taka wajen kirkirar kalmar a cikin waɗannan fasalulluka.[4] Scott Thill ya rubuta a HuffPost a cikin 2014 cewa ya shahara da kalmar a cikin 2009, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar cakuda kimiyya da fiction a fim din Franny Armstrong The Age of Stupid . [5]
Littafin Jules Verne na 1889 The Purchase of the North Pole ya yi tunanin canjin yanayi saboda karkatar da axis na Duniya.[6] A cikin Paris a cikin karni na ashirin, wanda aka rubuta a 1883 kuma aka saita a cikin shekarun 1960, garin mai suna yana fuskantar raguwar zafin jiki, wanda ke da shekaru uku.[7]
Littafin Laurence Manning na 1933 mai suna The Man Who Awoke an bayyana shi a matsayin misali mai kyau na fiction na kimiyyar muhalli daga zamanin zinariya. Yana ba da labarin wani mutum wanda ya farka daga tashin hankali a lokuta daban-daban na gaba kuma ya koyi game da lalacewar yanayin duniya, wanda ya haifar da yawan amfani da man fetur, dumamar duniya, da kuma sare daji. Mutanen nan gaba suna magana ne game da mutane na karni na 20 a matsayin "wasters". Sun watsar da masana'antu da cinikin kayayyaki don zama a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka masu wadatar kansu waɗanda ke kewaye da bishiyoyi masu ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke samar da duk bukatunsu. Isaac Asimov ya yaba da <i id="mwlQ">Mutumin da ya farka</i> don kawo "matsalar makamashi" ga hankalinsa shekaru 40 kafin ya zama sananne a cikin shekarun 1970.
Yawancin sanannun ayyukan Dythopian na marubucin Burtaniya J. G. Ballard suna hulɗa da bala'o'in yanayi da suka shafi yanayi. A cikin The Wind from Nowhere (1961), wayewa ta lalace ta hanyar iskar guguwa, kuma The Drowned World (1962) ya bayyana makomar kankara da aka narke da kuma hauhawar matakin teku wanda radiation na rana ya haifar.[8] A cikin The Burning World (1964, daga baya aka sake masa suna The Drought) bala'in yanayi ya faru ne daga mutum, fari ne saboda rushewar sake zagayowar ruwan sama ta hanyar gurɓataccen masana'antu.[9]
Littafin almara na kimiyya na Frank Herbert na 1965 <i id="mwtA">Dune</i>, wanda aka kafa a duniyar hamada ta almara, an gabatar da shi a matsayin mai gabatarwa na almara na yanayi don jigoginsa na muhalli da muhalli.[2]
Misali na Octavia E. Butler na Sower (1993) ya yi tunanin makomar Amurka inda canjin yanayi, rashin daidaito na dukiya, da haɗama na kamfanoni ke haifar da rikici na apocalyptic. A nan, kuma a cikin ci gaba Parable of the Talents (1998), Butler ya bayyana yadda rashin kwanciyar hankali da cin zarafin siyasa ke kara tsananta mummunan zalunci na al'umma (musamman game da wariyar launin fata da jima'i) kuma yana bincika jigogi na rayuwa da juriya. Butler ya rubuta littafin "yana tunanin game da makomar, yana tunanin abubuwan da muke yi yanzu da kuma irin makomar da muke saya wa kanmu, idan ba mu da hankali".
Kamar yadda ilimin kimiyya Sami da tasirin amfani da man fetur na burbushin halittu da kuma haifar da karuwar yawan CO2 ya shiga fagen jama'a da siyasa a matsayin "wargitsi na duniya", [10] canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar ya shiga ayyukan fiction. Susan M. Gaines's Carbon Dreams (2000) misali ne na farko na wani littafi na wallafe-wallafen da "yana ba da labari game da mummunar batun canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar", wanda aka kafa a cikin 1980s kuma aka buga kafin a kirkiro kalmar "cli-fi".[11] Michael Crichton's State of Fear (2004), Mai ban tsoro na fasaha, ya kasance mafi kyawun sayarwa a lokacin da aka saki shi amma masana kimiyya sun soki shi saboda nuna canjin yanayi a matsayin "babban yaudara ta kimiyya" da kuma kin amincewar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi.[12][13] Littafin Sigbjørn Skåden mai suna Fugl (2019) littafi ne na Sámi wanda aka rubuta a yaren Norwegian wanda ke haɗa rushewar muhalli tare da almara na mulkin mallaka.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Plantz, Kyle. "As the weather shifts, 'cli-fi' takes root as a new literary genre". news.trust.org. Reuters. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dune, climate fiction pioneer: The ecological lessons of Frank Herbert's sci-fi masterpiece were ahead of its time". Salon (in Turanci). 14 August 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Compelling Climate Fiction To Read Before It Becomes Nonfiction". The New York Public Library (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ "Cli-Fi Is Real". HuffPost (in Turanci). 30 October 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ↑ Egholm Lund, Sebastian (2022). "No Earth from Nowhere: Jules Verne's Critique of Terraforming". Dix-Neuf. 26 (3): 169–185. doi:10.1080/14787318.2022.2144339. S2CID 253570300 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Evans, Arthur B. (March 1995). "The 'New' Jules Verne". Science-Fiction Studies. XXII:1 (65): 35–46. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
Taves, Brian (March 1997). "Jules Verne's Paris in the Twentieth Century". Science Fiction Studies. 24, Part 1 (71). - ↑ Litt, Toby (21 January 2009). "The best of JG Ballard". The Guardian.
- ↑ Milicia, Joe (December 1985). "Dry Thoughts in a Dry Season". Riverside Quarterly. 7. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ↑ Weart, Spencer (2003). "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect". The Discovery of Global Warming. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ↑ Wilson, Elizabeth K. (4 June 2001). "Novelist Combines CO2 and Romance". Chemical & Engineering News.
- ↑ Slovic, Scott (2008). "Science, Eloquence, and the Asymmetry of Trust: What's at Stake in Climate Change Fiction". Green Theory & Praxis: The Journal of Ecopedagogy. 4 (1): 100–112. doi:10.3903/gtp.2008.1.6 (inactive 1 July 2025). ISSN 1941-0948.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of ga Yuli, 2025 (link)
- ↑ "Novel on global warming gets some scientists burned up". The Seattle Times (in Turanci). 4 February 2005. Retrieved 15 February 2022.