Lafiya a Kowane Girma
Lafiya a Kowane Girma (HAES) tsarin kiwon lafiya ne na jama'a wanda ke jaddada cewa dukkan jikin suna da damar neman kiwon lafiya, ba tare da la'burin shiga tsakani na kiwon lafiya, sabodaakari da girman ba, ba tare tare da nuna bambanci ba, da kuma rage wulakanci ga mutanen da ke rayuwa da kiba.[1] Masu goyon baya suna jayayya cewa tsoma baki na gargajiya da aka mayar da hankali kan asarar nauyi, kamar cin abinci, ba su samar da sakamako mai kyau na kiwon lafiya ba, kuma cewa kiwon lafiya shine sakamakon salon rayuwa wanda za'a iya yi shi ba tare da nauyin jiki ba.[2] Koyaya, mutane da yawa suna sukar hanyar kuma suna jayayya cewa asarar nauyi ya kamata a wasu lokuta ya zama bayyananne mummunan sakamako na kiwon lafiyar da ke da alaƙa da kiba.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lafiya a Kowane Girma ya fara bayyana a cikin 1960s, yana ba da shawarar cewa canjin al'ada zuwa kyawun jiki da ƙa'idodin kyau yana da mummunan sakamako na lafiya da tunani ga masu kiba. Sun yi imani cewa saboda siriri da nau'in jiki mai dacewa ya zama ma'auni mai karɓuwa na sha'awa, masu kiba za su yi zafi sosai don su rasa nauyi, kuma wannan ba, a zahiri, ko da yaushe lafiya ga mutum. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa wasu mutane a dabi'a sun fi girma nau'in jiki, kuma a wasu lokuta rasa adadi mai yawa na iya zama rashin lafiya ga wasu. Ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1967, Lew Louderback ya rubuta wata kasida mai suna "Ƙarin Mutane Ya Kamata Su Yi Kiba!" wanda ya fito a cikin fitacciyar mujallar Amurka, The Saturday Evening Pos . A cikin ra'ayi, Louderback ya yi jayayya cewa:
- "Mutane masu kitse" suna fama da jiki da motsin rai daga cin abinci zuwa ƙasa da nauyin jikinsu na halitta.
- Canje-canje na tilasta a cikin nauyi ba kawai na wucin gadi ba ne, har ma da haifar da lalacewar jiki da motsin rai.
- Cin abinci yana da alama yana haifar da lalacewa da kuma halin motsin rai.
- Cin abinci ba tare da cin abinci ba ya ba Louderback da matarsa damar shakatawa da jin daɗi yayin da suke riƙe da nauyin iri ɗaya.
Bill Fabrey, matashin injiniya a lokacin, ya karanta labarin kuma ya tuntubi Louderback bayan 'yan watanni a cikin 1968. Fabrey ya taimaka wa Louderback binciken littafinsa na gaba, Fat Power, da Louderback ya goyi bayan Fabrey wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirkawa (NAAFA) a 1969, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama mai zaman kanta. Daga baya NAAFA za ta canza sunanta zuwa tsakiyar 1980s zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Karɓar Fat.
A farkon shekarun 1980s, littattafai huɗu gaba ɗaya sun gabatar da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi Lafiya A Kowane Girma. A cikin Diets Don't Work (1982), Bob Schwartz ya karfafa "cin abinci na fahimta", kamar yadda Molly Groger ya yi a cikin Eating Awareness Training (1986). Wadannan marubutan sun yi imanin cewa wannan zai haifar da asarar nauyi a matsayin sakamako mai illa. William Bennett da Joel Gurin's The Dieter's Dilemma (1982), da Janet Polivy da C. Peter Herman's Breaking The Diet Habit (1983) sun yi jayayya cewa kowa yana da nauyin halitta da saiti, kuma cewa cin abinci don asarar nauyi ba ya aiki.[4] [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] [better source needed]
A cewar Lindo Bacon, a cikin Kiwon Lafiya a Kowane Girma (2008), ainihin mahimmanci na HAES shine "Kyakkyawan lafiya da halaye masu kyau sun fi mahimmanci fiye da kowane lamba akan sikelin." [1] Emily Nagoski, a cikin littafinta Come as You Are (2015), ya inganta ra'ayin Lafiya a Kowane Girma don inganta amincewar mata da jin dadin jima'i.
Tabbacin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masu goyon baya sun yi iƙirarin cewa shaidar daga wasu binciken kimiyya sun ba da wasu dalilai don sauyawa a cikin kula da kiwon lafiya daga asarar nauyi zuwa tsarin tsaka-tsaki a cikin mutanen da ke da babban haɗarin ciwon sukari na nau'in 2 da / ko alamun cututtukan zuciya, kuma cewa tsarin da ya haɗa da nauyi yana mai da hankali kan masu nuna alamar kiwon lafiya, maimakon hanyoyin da ke mai da hankali ga asarar nauyi kadai, yana ba da ingantaccen kiwon lafiya.[5][6]
Ka'idodin HAES ba su ba da shawarar cewa mutane suna da lafiya ta atomatik a kowane girman ba, amma sun ba da shawarar gore ya kamata mutane su nemi karɓar halaye masu kyau ba tare da la'akari da nauyin jikinsu ba.[7][8]
Amanda Sainsbury-Salis, mai binciken kiwon lafiya na Australiya, ta yi kira ga sake tunani game da manufar HAES, [3] tana jayayya cewa ba zai yiwu a kasance kuma ya kasance da lafiya da gaske a kowane girman ba, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa mayar da hankali ga HAES na iya ƙarfafa mutane su yi watsi da karuwar nauyi, wanda bincikenta ya fi sauƙi ya rasa jim kadan bayan samun. Ta yi, duk da haka, lura cewa yana yiwuwa a sami halayyar lafiya wanda ke ba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya a nau'ikan jiki iri-iri. Wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa HAES mayar da hankali na iya ƙarfafa mutane su jinkirta yunkurin rage nauyi har abada.[3]
Akwai wasu shaidu HAES tsoma baki na iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau na tunani, jiki, da halayyar, gami da rage nauyin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci, BMI da kitsen jiki.[9] Har ila yau, akwai wasu binciken da ba daidai ba wanda ke nuna tasirin Hawan jini, azumi glucose, da matakan triglycerides.[9]
- ↑ Penney, Tarra L.; Kirk, Sara F. L. (2015). "The Health at Every Size Paradigm and Obesity: Missing Empirical Evidence May Help Push the Reframing Obesity Debate Forward". American Journal of Public Health. 105 (5): e38–e42. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302552. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4386524. PMID 25790393.
- ↑ Brown, Lora Beth (March–April 2009). "Teaching the 'Health at Every Size' Paradigm Benefits Future Fitness and Health Professionals". Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 41 (2): 144–145. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2008.04.358. PMID 19304261.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sainsbury, Amanda; Hay, Phillipa (2014-03-18). "Call for an urgent rethink of the 'health at every size' concept". Journal of Eating Disorders. 2 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/2050-2974-2-8. ISSN 2050-2974. PMC 3995323. PMID 24764532. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Hay2014" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Bruno, Barbara Altman (April 30, 2013). "the HAES® files: History of the Health At Every Size® Movement—the 1970s & 80s (Part 2)". Health at Every Size Blog. Archived from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ↑ Tylka, TL; Annunziato, RA; Burgard, D; Daníelsdóttir, S; Shuman, E; Davis, C; Calogero, RM (2014). "The weight-inclusive versus weight-normative approach to health: evaluating the evidence for prioritizing well-being over weight loss". Journal of Obesity. 2014: 983495. doi:10.1155/2014/983495. PMC 4132299. PMID 25147734.
- ↑ Bacon L, Aphramor L (2011). "Weight science: evaluating the evidence for a paradigm shift". Nutr J. 10: 9. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-9. PMC 3041737. PMID 21261939.
- ↑ Ulian; Aburad; da Silva Oliveira; Poppe; Sabatini; Perez; Baeza Scagliusi (2018). "Effects of health at every size® interventions on health‐related outcomes of people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review". Obesity Reviews. `9: 1659–1666.
- ↑ "Size Diversity & Health at Every Size". National Eating Disorders Association (in Turanci). 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ulian MD, Aburad L, da Silva Oliveira MS, Poppe AC, Sabatini F, et al. (December 2018). "Effects of health at every size® interventions on health-related outcomes of people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review". Obes Rev (Systematic review). 19 (12): 1659–1666. doi:10.1111/obr.12749. PMID 30261553. S2CID 52878615.