Jump to content

Lafiya da tasirin muhalli na motocin lantarki na batir

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Lafiya da tasirin muhalli na motocin lantarki na batir
life cycle assessment (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Muhimmin darasi electric car (en) Fassara
Tesla Model Y ita ce babbar motar lantarki da ake siyarwa a duniya a shekarar 2022.[1]

Motocin lantarki suna lalata lafiyar mutane da muhalli ƙasa da irin wannan girman motocin Injin konewa na ciki. Duk da yake fannoni na samar da su na iya haifar da irin wannan, ƙananan ko tasiri daban-daban na muhalli, suna samar da ƙananan ko babu hayaki, kuma suna rage dogaro da man fetur, hayaki na gas, da mutuwar daga gurɓataccen iska.[2]

Motar lantarki sun fi inganci fiye da Injinan konewa na ciki kuma ta haka ne, har ma da lissafin ingancin wutar lantarki da asarar rarrabawa, [3] ana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi don sarrafa motar lantarki. Batir na masana'antu don motocin lantarki yana buƙatar ƙarin albarkatu da makamashi, don haka suna iya samun sawun muhalli mafi girma a lokacin samarwa.[4][5] Motocin lantarki kuma suna haifar da tasiri daban-daban a cikin aiki da kiyayewa. Motocin lantarki yawanci sun fi nauyi kuma zasu iya samar da karin taya da gurɓataccen iska na hanya, amma sake farfadowa da su na iya rage irin wannan gurɓatawar ƙwayoyin daga birki. Motocin lantarki sun fi sauƙi, wanda ke rage amfani da zubar da Man inji.

Kwatanta da motocin da ke dauke da man fetur

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kodayake duk motoci suna da tasiri ga wasu mutane, motocin lantarki na batir suna da manyan fa'idodi na muhalli akan motocin injin konewa na ciki na al'ada, kamar:

  • Cirewar gurɓataccen bututun ruwa kamar su oxides daban-daban na nitrogen, wanda ke kashe dubban mutane a kowace shekara [6]
  • Ƙananan hayaki na fiye da motocin da ke amfani da burbushin halittu, don haka iyakance canjin yanayi [7]
  • Kamar yadda kusan dukkanin motocin lantarki suna da braking mai sabuntawa, ana iya amfani da brake pads akai-akai fiye da a cikin motocin da ba na lantarki ba, kuma saboda haka wani lokacin yana iya samar da karancin gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin fiye da brakes a cikin motoci marasa lantarki.[8] Har ila yau, wasu motocin lantarki na iya samun haɗuwa da drum brakes da disc brakes, kuma an san drum brakes don haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da disc braks.[9] A karkashin Yuro 7 misali motocin lantarki suna da ƙananan iyaka na ƙwayoyin birki.[10][11][12]

Motocin lantarki na iya samun wasu matsaloli, kamar:

  • Zai yiwu ya kara gurɓataccen taya idan aka kwatanta da motocin da ke amfani da burbushin halittu. Wannan wani lokacin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawancin motocin lantarki suna da batir mai nauyi, wanda ke nufin taya na mota suna fuskantar lalacewa.[13][14] Ana haɓaka na'urori don kama ƙwayoyin taya, kuma a ƙarƙashin Yuro 7 duk sabbin motoci za su haɗu da iyakar ƙwayoyin tayoyin iri ɗaya. [15][16]
  • Idan motocin lantarki sun fi motocin man fetur na burbushin halittu akwai yiwuwar gurɓataccen hanya. Koyaya tun daga shekara ta 2024 ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan gurɓataccen iska na hanya.[2]

Tasirin hakar kayan aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Abubuwan da ba a amfani da su ba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hybrids da motocin lantarki suna gudana daga Batirin lithium-ion da motocin Motar lantarki na ƙasa mai wuya. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2016, motar fasinja ta lantarki na iya amfani da 5 kg (11 lb) na lithium carbonate daidai, yayin da daya daga cikin motocin lantarki na Tesla zai iya amfani da kusan 80 kg (180 lb) ya lithium carbonates daidai.

Yawancin motocin lantarki suna amfani da injunan neodymium Magnet na dindindin saboda sun fi inganci fiye da injunan induction. Wadannan magunguna na dindindin suna amfani da neodymium da praseodymium wanda zai iya zama datti [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] kuma yana da wuyar samarwa.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Pontes, José (2022-03-05). "Best-selling Electric Cars (Globally) in January 2022". CleanTechnica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ritchie, Hannah. "Do electric vehicles reduce air pollution?". www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  3. ↑ "All-Electric Vehicles". www.fueleconomy.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  4. ↑ Michalek; Chester; Jaramillo; Samaras; Shiau; Lave (2011). "Valuation of plug-in vehicle life cycle air emissions and oil displacement benefits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (40): 16554–16558. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10816554M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1104473108. PMC 3189019. PMID 21949359. S2CID 6979825.
  5. ↑ Tessum; Hill; Marshall (2014). "Life cycle air quality impacts of conventional and alternative light-duty transportation in the United States". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (52): 18490–18495. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11118490T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1406853111. PMC 4284558. PMID 25512510.
  6. ↑ Association, New Scientist and Press. "Diesel fumes lead to thousands more deaths than thought". New Scientist (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-10-12.
  7. ↑ "Supporting the global shift to electric mobility". UNEP - UN Environment Programme (in Turanci). 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  8. ↑ Loeb, Josh (March 10, 2017). "Particle pollution from electric cars could be worse than from diesel ones". eandt.theiet.org. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  9. ↑ Geylin, Mike (2022-06-09). "Corrosion, Emissions and the Return of Drum Brakes?". The BRAKE Report (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  10. ↑ Prez, Matt de (19 December 2023). "EU strikes provisional deal over Euro 7 emissions limits". www.fleetnews.co.uk.
  11. ↑ "Regulation of the European Parliament and of the council on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, with respect to their emissions and battery durability (Euro 7)". data.consilium.europa.eu. 2024-04-03. Annex I. Archived from the original on 2024-11-11. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
  12. ↑ "Euro 7: Deal on new EU rules to reduce road transport emissions | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (in Turanci). 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2024-01-05. The deal sets brake particles emissions limits (PM10) for cars and vans (3mg/km for pure electric vehicles; 7mg/km for most internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles and 11mg/km for large ICE vans).
  13. ↑ "Electric vehicle tires: a lesser-known pollution headache – DW – 07/12/2023". dw.com.
  14. ↑ Hawkins, Andrew J. (22 May 2023). "An auto CEO came very close to saying the right thing about heavy EV batteries". The Verge.
  15. ↑ "FEATURE: The engineers fighting deadly air pollution with an ingenious car add-on". www.imeche.org. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
  16. ↑ Fischer-Lauder, Hannah (2023-12-20). "Euro 7: EU Agrees on New Rules to Curb Road Transport Emissions". Impakter (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-01-27.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lafiya_da_tasirin_muhalli_na_motocin_lantarki_na_batir&oldid=698942"