Laifukan (Sashe na 59) Dokar Gyara ta 2007

Laifukan (Sashe na 59) Dokar Gyara ta 2007
New Zealand statute (en)
Bayanai
Laƙabi	Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007
Ƙasa	Sabuwar Zelandiya
Applies to jurisdiction (en)	Sabuwar Zelandiya
Harshen aiki ko suna	Turanci
Kwanan wata	2007
Legislated by (en)	New Zealand Parliament (en)
Legal citation of this text (en)	Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007

Dokar Gyara Laifuka (Sashe na 59) Dokar Gyara ta 2007 (tsohon Laifuka (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Bill na Gyara ne ga Dokar Laifuka ta New Zealand ta 1961 wanda ya cire kariya ta shari'a ta "ƙarfi mai ma'ana" ga iyaye da aka gurfanar da su don kai hari kan yaransu.

An gabatar da dokar ga Majalisar dokokin New Zealand a matsayin lissafin memba mai zaman kansa ta Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford a shekara ta 2005, bayan an cire shi daga kuri'un. Ya jawo hankalin muhawara mai tsanani, a cikin majalisa da kuma daga jama'a. Yawancin abokan adawarsa da jaridu sun kira lissafin a matsayin " lissafin rigakafi". An zartar da lissafin a karatun ta na uku a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2007 da kuri'u 113 zuwa takwas. Gwamna Janar na New Zealand ya ba da Royal Assent a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2007, kuma dokar ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ta Yuni 2007.

An gudanar da raba gardama da 'yan ƙasa suka fara game da batutuwan da suka shafi dokar tsakanin 30 ga Yuli da 21 ga Agusta 2009, suna tambaya "Ya kamata a yi masa laifi a matsayin wani ɓangare na gyaran iyaye mai kyau a New Zealand?" Duk da yawan zargi game da kalmomin tambayar, an dawo da raba gardamar tare da kashi 87.4 cikin dari na kuri'un "A'a" a kan yawan masu halarta na kashi 56.1.

Yanayin Shari'a

Kafin dokar gyare-gyare, Sashe na 59 ya karanta kamar haka:

59 Horar da gida (1) Kowane iyaye na yaro kuma, dangane da sashi (3), kowane mutum a wurin iyaye na yaro yana da adalci ta hanyar amfani da karfi ta hanyar gyara ga yaro, idan ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ya dace a cikin yanayin. (2) Daidaitawar ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi tambaya ce ta gaskiya. (3) Babu wani abu a cikin sashi na (1) da ke tabbatar da amfani da karfi ga yaro a cikin keta sashi na 139A na Dokar Ilimi ta 1989.

Sashe na 139A na Dokar Ilimi ta 1989 shine dokar da ta haramta hukuncin jiki na makaranta, don haka sashi na uku ya hana malamai- iyaye yin amfani da karfi a kan yaransu idan za'a iya fassara shi azaman hukuncin jiki na makarantar. Sashe na 59 ya karanta kamar haka:

59 Kula da Iyaye (1) Kowane iyaye na yaro da kowane mutum a madadin iyaye na yaro yana da adalci wajen amfani da karfi idan ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi ya dace a cikin yanayi kuma don manufar -

(a) hanawa ko rage lahani ga yaro ko wani mutum; ko

(b) hana yaron shiga ko ci gaba da shiga cikin halayyar da ta kai ga laifi; ko

(c) hana yaro shiga ko ci gaba da shiga cikin halayyar cin zarafi ko rikici; ko

(d) yin ayyukan yau da kullun na yau da kullun waɗanda ba su dace da kulawa mai kyau da iyaye ba.

(2) Babu wani abu a cikin sashi na (1) ko a cikin kowane doka ta al'ada da ke tabbatar da amfani da karfi don manufar gyara. (3) Sashe na (2) ya fi rinjaye a kan sashe na (1). (4) Don kauce wa shakku, an tabbatar da cewa 'yan sanda suna da ikon yin korafi a kan iyayen yaro ko mutum a madadin iyayen yaro dangane da laifin da ya shafi amfani da karfi a kan yaro, inda ake ganin laifin ba shi da mahimmanci har babu sha'awar jama'a wajen ci gaba da gurfanar da shi.

An kuma yi gyare-gyare mai mahimmanci ga Sashe na 139A na Dokar Ilimi ta 1989 ta hanyar cire cirewa ga iyaye (waɗanda ba ma'aikatan makaranta ba) da ke ba da horo ga yaransu a makaranta.

Manya da ke kai wa yara hari ba su da kariya ta shari'a ta "ƙarfi mai ma'ana" amma "ƙarfi ... na iya ... don dalilai na hanawa ... ko, ta hanyar misali, don tabbatar da bin doka", a cewar jagorar aikin 'yan sanda.

Yanayin zamantakewa

Kafin gyare-gyaren sashi na 59 na Dokar Laifuka ta 1961, akwai shari'o'in iyaye waɗanda suka horar da yaransu ta amfani da amfanin gona a cikin shari'a ɗaya, da kuma bututun roba a cikin wani, waɗanda ba a yanke musu hukunci ba saboda tabbatar da doka na "ƙarfi mai hankali". Lokacin da aka canza dokar a cikin 2007, wasu masu goyon bayan canjin sun ce zai dakatar da shari'o'in cin zarafi daga zamewa ta hanyar gibin kuma ya rage yawan mutuwar jarirai.

Yanayin siyasa

Lokacin da Sue Bradford ta fara gabatar da lissafin memba mai zaman kansa a shekara ta 2005, an san shi da Dokar Kwaskwarima (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline). Daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Laifukan (Sashe na 59) Dokar Kwaskwarima a matakin Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka. Daga baya Jam'iyyar Labour Party ta goyi bayan lissafin kuma na ɗan lokaci 'ya fuskanci wani sashi mai tsauri ta hanyar majalisa tare da babbar jam'iyyar adawa, National, ta ba membobinta kuri'un lamiri a kan batun'. An kara sabon sashi, Sashe na 4, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar siyasa tare da Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa, John Key, kuma gyaran ya wuce da kuri'u 113 zuwa 8 tare da manyan jam'iyyun biyu da suka jefa kuri'a ga lissafin.