Lambobin Masar
| Lambobin Masar | |
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| Type | |
Parent systems |
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An yi amfani da tsarin lambobi na tsohuwar Masar a Tsohuwar Misira daga kusan 3000 BC [1] har zuwa farkon karni na farko AD. tsarin ƙididdiga ne wanda ya dogara da ninki goma, sau da yawa ana kewaye shi zuwa iko mafi girma, wanda aka rubuta a cikin hieroglyphs. Masarawa ba su da ra'ayi game da alamar matsayi kamar tsarin ƙididdiga. Hanyar hieratic na lambobi ta jaddada ainihin ƙayyadaddun jerin ƙayyadadden, wanda aka ƙayyade ɗaya-zuwa-ɗaya akan haruffa na Masar. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span>]
Lamba da lambobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da rubutun da ke biyowa don nuna iko goma:
| Darajar | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100,000 | Miliyan 1, ko da yawa | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rubutun siffofi | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Jerin alamun Gardiner ID | Z1 | V20 | V1 | M12 | D50 | I8 | C11 | ||||||||||||||
| Bayyanawa | Ɗaya daga cikin bugun jini | Rashin shanun shanumara kyau | Kayan igiya | Ruwan lily (wanda ake kira lotus) |
yatsan hannu | Tsuntsu | Heh |
An bayyana nau'ikan waɗannan dabi'u ta hanyar maimaita alamar sau da yawa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Misali, wani dutse da aka zana daga Karnak ya nuna lambar 4,622 kamar haka:
Ana iya rubuta rubutun Masar a bangarorin biyu (har ma a tsaye). A cikin wannan misali alamomin suna raguwa daga sama zuwa ƙasa kuma daga hagu zuwa dama. A kan asalin dutse, yana daga dama zuwa hagu, kuma alamun suna juyawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]
Sifili
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| nfr |
zuciya tare da trachea kyakkyawa, mai daɗi, mai kyau |
|---|
Babu wata alama ko ra'ayi na sifili a matsayin mai riƙe wuri a cikin ƙididdigar Masar kuma ba a yi amfani da sifili a cikin lissafi ba.[2] Koyaya, alamar nefer (nfr, "mai kyau", "cikakke", "kyakkyawan") a bayyane yake an yi amfani da ita don dalilai biyu na lambobi: [3]
- a cikin papyrus da ke lissafin kuɗin kotu, c. 1740 BC 1740 BC, ya nuna ma'auni mara kyau;
- a cikin zane don Meidum Pyramid (kuma a wasu shafuka), ana amfani da nefer don nuna matakin ƙasa: ana auna tsawo da zurfin "sama da nefer" ko "a ƙasa da nefer".
A cewar Carl Boyer, wani aiki daga Edfu ya ƙunshi "ma'anar sifili" wanda ya maye gurbin girman a cikin lissafi.[3]
| Rubutun Masarfassarar | Sabuntawa | fassarar Turanci | Coptic (Yaren Sahidic) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ta hanyar Callender 1975 | per Loprieno 1995 | |||
| w w w w (mata.) w (mata) |
*Wíyaw (masu) *wińyat (mata) |
*Shubu (masu) | daya | Shia (masu) Shia (mace) |
| snwj (masc.) sntj (fem.) |
*sínwaj (masu) *síntaj (mata) |
*sinúwwaj (masu) | biyu | Sunu (masu) (masu.) |
| Sãmtt (masu) |
Sããmã (maza) Sãmã |
*Shah (masu) | uku | Sashen (masu) Sashen (mace) |
| jfdw (masc.) jfdt (fem.) |
*j ̆fdáw (masu) *j Ōfdát (mata) |
*jifdáw (masu) | huɗu | Shia (Ftoe) (masu) Shia (sannu) ko Shia (ftun) (mace) |
| djw (masu) djt (mata) |
*dī́jaw (masu) *dī·jat (mata) |
*dījaw (masc.) | biyar | Shia (masu) ko Shia (mace) |
| sjsw ko jsw (?) (masc.) sjst ko jst (?) (fem.) |
*j ̆ssáw (masc.) *j ̆ssát (fem.) |
*sáʾsaw (masc.) | shida | Shah (masu) (masu.) Shah (so) ko Shah (mace) |
| Sphā (masu) Sphā |
*Safiao (maza) *Safyat (mata) |
*Safi (masu) | bakwai | Saha (masu) Saha (mata) |
| Ssan (masu) Ssan (mace) |
*Sjá ̆ ̆ ♡ (masu) *Sjá a ̆ ♂ (mata) |
*Sanyawa (masu) | takwas | Shun (masu) Shaan (mace) |
| psḏw (masu) psḏt (mata) |
*p ̆sī́ḏaw (masc.) *p ̆sí́ḏat (fem.) |
*pisīḏaw (mask.) | tara | Shia (masu) Shia (psis) (mace) |
| mḏw (masu) mḏt (mata) |
*mū́ḏaw (masu) *mū́̃at (mata) |
*mū́ḏaw (masu) | goma | Sã (masu) Sã (mace) |
| mḏwtj, ḏwtj (masc.) mḏwtt, ḏwtt (masc) |
*ḏubā́́́́t (masc.) | * (mu) ḏawā́taj (masc.) | ashirin | Zuwa (wasa) Zuwa (mace) |
| Maza (maza) |
*Maza (masu) | *Maza (masu) | talatin | Sā ('Mawab') (masu) Sā (mata) |
| ḥmw | *ḥ ̆mí (?) | *ḥ ̆méw | arba'in | Sanya (hme) |
| dyw | *díjwu | *Dijaya | hamsin | Sanya (Taeiou) |
| Sjsjw, sjsw, ko jswjw (?) | *j ̆ssáwju | *saʾséw | sittin | Sanya (suna) |
| S.F.S.A. | *Safawi | *Sau da shi | saba'in | Sanya (šfe) |
| Sanya, ko Sanya (?) | An yi amfani da shi a matsayin | *Sanya | tamanin | Xi (hmene) |
| psḏjw ko psḏwjw (?) | *p ̆siḏáwju | *pisḏíjjaw | casa'in | Sanya (pstaiou) |
| št | *Shuwat | *ší (nju) t | ɗari | Wannan shi ne: |
| štj | Kashi na zamani | *šinjūtaj | ɗari biyu | Sashen |
| Sanya | Yanayi | Yanayi | dubu daya | Sanya (sharu) |
| Kudin da aka yi amfani da shi | *ḏubááá | *ḏ ̆baʹ | dubu goma | Sanya (tba) |
| ḥfn | dubu ɗari | |||
| ḥḥ | *ḥaḥ | *ḥaḥ | miliyan daya | Shah "da yawa" |
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Egyptian numerals". MacTutor - School of Mathematics and Statistics. University of St. Andrews. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
- ↑ Hoffmann 2024.
- 1 2 Joseph 2011.