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Lambobin Masar

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Lambobin Masar
Type
Parent systems
  • Lambobin Masar

An yi amfani da tsarin lambobi na tsohuwar Masar a Tsohuwar Misira daga kusan 3000 BC [1] har zuwa farkon karni na farko AD. tsarin ƙididdiga ne wanda ya dogara da ninki goma, sau da yawa ana kewaye shi zuwa iko mafi girma, wanda aka rubuta a cikin hieroglyphs. Masarawa ba su da ra'ayi game da alamar matsayi kamar tsarin ƙididdiga. Hanyar hieratic na lambobi ta jaddada ainihin ƙayyadaddun jerin ƙayyadadden, wanda aka ƙayyade ɗaya-zuwa-ɗaya akan haruffa na Masar. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span>]

Lamba da lambobi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An yi amfani da rubutun da ke biyowa don nuna iko goma:

Darajar 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Miliyan 1, ko da yawa
Rubutun siffofi
Z1
V20
V1
M12
D50
I8
C11
Jerin alamun Gardiner ID Z1 V20 V1 M12 D50 I8 C11
Bayyanawa Ɗaya daga cikin bugun jini Rashin shanun shanumara kyau Kayan igiya Ruwan lily (wanda ake kira lotus)
yatsan hannu Tsuntsu Heh

An bayyana nau'ikan waɗannan dabi'u ta hanyar maimaita alamar sau da yawa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Misali, wani dutse da aka zana daga Karnak ya nuna lambar 4,622 kamar haka:

M12M12M12M12
V1 V1 V1
V1 V1 V1
V20V20Z1Z1

Ana iya rubuta rubutun Masar a bangarorin biyu (har ma a tsaye). A cikin wannan misali alamomin suna raguwa daga sama zuwa ƙasa kuma daga hagu zuwa dama. A kan asalin dutse, yana daga dama zuwa hagu, kuma alamun suna juyawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]

nfr
 
zuciya tare da trachea kyakkyawa, mai daɗi, mai kyau
F35

Babu wata alama ko ra'ayi na sifili a matsayin mai riƙe wuri a cikin ƙididdigar Masar kuma ba a yi amfani da sifili a cikin lissafi ba.[2] Koyaya, alamar nefer (nfr, "mai kyau", "cikakke", "kyakkyawan") a bayyane yake an yi amfani da ita don dalilai biyu na lambobi: [3]

  • a cikin papyrus da ke lissafin kuɗin kotu, c. 1740 BC 1740 BC, ya nuna ma'auni mara kyau;
  • a cikin zane don Meidum Pyramid (kuma a wasu shafuka), ana amfani da nefer don nuna matakin ƙasa: ana auna tsawo da zurfin "sama da nefer" ko "a ƙasa da nefer".

A cewar Carl Boyer, wani aiki daga Edfu ya ƙunshi "ma'anar sifili" wanda ya maye gurbin girman a cikin lissafi.[3]

Rubutun Masarfassarar Sabuntawa fassarar Turanci Coptic (Yaren Sahidic)
ta hanyar Callender 1975 per Loprieno 1995
w w w w (mata.) w (mata)
*Wíyaw (masu) *wińyat (mata)
*Shubu (masu) daya Shia (masu) Shia (mace)
snwj (masc.) sntj (fem.)
*sínwaj (masu) *síntaj (mata)
*sinúwwaj (masu) biyu Sunu (masu) (masu.)
Sãmtt (masu)
Sããmã (maza) Sãmã
*Shah (masu) uku Sashen (masu) Sashen (mace)
jfdw (masc.) jfdt (fem.)
*j ̆fdáw (masu) *j Ōfdát (mata)
*jifdáw (masu) huɗu Shia (Ftoe) (masu) Shia (sannu) ko Shia (ftun) (mace)
djw (masu) djt (mata)
*dī́jaw (masu) *dī·jat (mata)
*dījaw (masc.) biyar Shia (masu) ko Shia (mace)
sjsw ko jsw (?) (masc.) sjst ko jst (?) (fem.)
*j ̆ssáw (masc.) *j ̆ssát (fem.)
*sáʾsaw (masc.) shida Shah (masu) (masu.) Shah (so) ko Shah (mace)
Sphā (masu) Sphā
*Safiao (maza) *Safyat (mata)
*Safi (masu) bakwai Saha (masu) Saha (mata)
Ssan (masu) Ssan (mace)
*Sjá ̆ ̆ ♡ (masu) *Sjá a ̆ ♂ (mata)
*Sanyawa (masu) takwas Shun (masu) Shaan (mace)
psḏw (masu) psḏt (mata)
*p ̆sī́ḏaw (masc.) *p ̆sí́ḏat (fem.)
*pisīḏaw (mask.) tara Shia (masu) Shia (psis) (mace)
mḏw (masu) mḏt (mata)
*mū́ḏaw (masu) *mū́̃at (mata)
*mū́ḏaw (masu) goma Sã (masu) Sã (mace)
mḏwtj, ḏwtj (masc.) mḏwtt, ḏwtt (masc)
*ḏubā́́́́t (masc.) * (mu) ḏawā́taj (masc.) ashirin Zuwa (wasa) Zuwa (mace)
Maza (maza)
*Maza (masu) *Maza (masu) talatin Sā ('Mawab') (masu) Sā (mata)
ḥmw *ḥ ̆mí (?) *ḥ ̆méw arba'in Sanya (hme)
dyw *díjwu *Dijaya hamsin Sanya (Taeiou)
Sjsjw, sjsw, ko jswjw (?) *j ̆ssáwju *saʾséw sittin Sanya (suna)
S.F.S.A. *Safawi *Sau da shi saba'in Sanya (šfe)
Sanya, ko Sanya (?) An yi amfani da shi a matsayin *Sanya tamanin Xi (hmene)
psḏjw ko psḏwjw (?) *p ̆siḏáwju *pisḏíjjaw casa'in Sanya (pstaiou)
št *Shuwat *ší (nju) t ɗari Wannan shi ne:
štj Kashi na zamani *šinjūtaj ɗari biyu Sashen
Sanya Yanayi Yanayi dubu daya Sanya (sharu)
Kudin da aka yi amfani da shi *ḏubááá *ḏ ̆baʹ dubu goma Sanya (tba)
ḥfn dubu ɗari
ḥḥ *ḥaḥ *ḥaḥ miliyan daya Shah "da yawa"
  1. "Egyptian numerals". MacTutor - School of Mathematics and Statistics. University of St. Andrews. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  2. Hoffmann 2024.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Joseph 2011.