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Larabci na Asiya ta Tsakiya

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Larabci na Asiya ta Tsakiya
Baƙaƙen larabci
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog cent2410[1]

Larabci na Tsakiyar Asiya ko Larabci Jugari ( Arabic الوسطى ) yana nufin wasu nau'ikan Larabci guda huɗu masu alaƙa da juna a halin yanzu suna fuskantar bacewa kuma galibin al'ummomin Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan Asiya ta Tsakiya ke magana. Waɗannan nau'ikan su ne Bactrian (ko Bakhtāri/Baxtāri) Larabci, Bukharan (ko Bukhāri/Buxāri) Larabci, Qashqa Darya (ko Kashka-darya) Larabci, da Khorasani (ko Xorasāni) Larabci .

The Central Asian Arabic varieties are markedly different from all other Arabic language varieties, especially in their syntax and to a lesser extent, morphology, which have been heavily influenced by the surrounding Western Iranian and Turkic languages. They are, however, relatively conservative in their lexicon and phonology.[2] While they bear certain similarities with North Mesopotamian Arabic, they constitute an independent linguistic branch of Arabic, the Central Asian family.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span>]

Tare da Larabci na Maltese da Cypriot, nau'ikan Larabci na Asiya ta Tsakiya suna da ban mamaki a tsakanin al'ummomin masu jin Larabci a cikin rashin kasancewar diglossia tare da Larabci na Zamani, sai dai a cikin mahallin addini; a maimakon haka, Uzbek ko Farisa (ciki har da Dari da Tajik ) suna aiki a matsayin babban lacca da adabi ga waɗannan al'ummomi. Ainihin an ruwaito duk masu magana da harsuna biyu ne, ba tare da wani yare na Larabci na Jugari da ya rage ba. Da yawa, in ba haka ba, yawancin Larabawa da suka bayyana kansu a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi ba sa jin harshen a matakin ƙasa, kuma suna ba da rahoton wasu harsuna a matsayin yarensu na asali. [3]

Tarihi

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An taɓa yin magana a tsakanin al'ummomin Larabawa da yawa mazauna yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa wurin bayan faduwar daular Sasaniya . Sun zauna a yankunan Samarqand, Bukhara, Qashqadarya, Surkhandarya (Uzbekistan ta yanzu), da Khatlon (Tajikistan ta yanzu), da kuma Afghanistan . Guguwar farko ta Larabawa sun yi hijira zuwa wannan yanki a karni na 8 a lokacin da musulmi suka yaye, daga baya kuma kungiyoyin Larabawa daga Balkh da Andkhoy (Afganistan a yau) suka hade da su. A cewar Ibn Al-Athir, mamayar Larabawa sun zaunar da iyalan Larabawa kusan 50,000 zuwa Khorasan na Iran, Arewacin Afghanistan da kudancin Turkmenistan, amma adadin ya wuce gona da iri. Larabci ya zama harshen kimiyya da kasuwanci na zamanin. Yawancin Larabawan Asiya ta Tsakiya suna rayuwa ne a cikin keɓantattun al'ummomi kuma ba sa son auratayya da jama'ar yankin. Wannan lamari ya taimaka wa harshensu ya rayu a cikin harsuna da yawa har zuwa ƙarni na 20. A cikin shekarun 1880 da yawa Larabawa makiyaya sun yi hijira zuwa arewacin Afganistan daga yankin Uzbekistan da Tajikistan a yanzu bayan mamayar da Rasha ta yi a tsakiyar Asiya. Waɗannan Larabawa a zamanin yau ba sa jin Larabci, saboda sun saba da Dari da Uzbek.

Tare da kafa mulkin Soviet a Uzbekistan da Tajikistan, al'ummomin Larabawa sun fuskanci manyan canje-canje na harshe da na ainihi bayan sun yi watsi da salon rayuwa na makiyaya kuma a hankali suna haɗuwa da Uzbek, Tajik da Turkmen . Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a na 1959, kawai 34% na Larabawan Soviet, galibi tsofaffi, sun yi magana da yarensu a matakin ƙasa. Wasu sun ba da rahoton Uzbek ko Tajik a matsayin yarensu na asali.

Iri

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Giorgi Tsereteli da Isaak Natanovich Vinnikov ne ke da alhakin fara karatun ilimi na Larabci ta Tsakiyar Asiya, wanda harsunan gida suka yi tasiri sosai a cikin sauti, ƙamus da kalmomi.

Larabci na Jugari ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Larabci guda huɗu: Larabci Bactrian (wanda kuma ake kira Bakhtari Larabci), Larabci Bukhara (wanda ake kira Buxara Larabci), Larabci Kashkadarya da Larabci Khorasani . Uku na farko sun bazu a cikin Afghanistan, Tajikistan da Uzbekistan. Khorasani ya zo wurin malamai a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin yaren Larabci na Tsakiyar Asiya kwanan nan.

An ruwaito cewa ana magana a kauyuka 5 na Surkhandarya, Qashqadarya da Bukhara . A Uzbekistan, akwai aƙalla yaruka biyu na Larabci ta Tsakiyar Asiya: Bukharian (Tajik ya rinjayi) da Qashqadaryavi ( harsunan Turkic suka rinjayi). Waɗannan yarukan ba su da fahimtar juna . A Tajikistan, Larabci na Tsakiyar Asiya ana magana da kashi 35.7% na al'ummar Larabawa na ƙasar, maye gurbinsu da Tajik. [4] Ana magana da Larabci na Bactan a cikin al'ummomin Larabawa a arewacin Afghanistan. [5] Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ɗauki Khorasani Larabci (wanda ake magana da shi a Khorasan, Iran ) a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin Larabci na Tsakiyar Asiya, kuma ya gano cewa yana da alaƙa da Qashqadaryavi.

Lambobi

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  • wahid > fad
  • ithnan > isnen
  • thalatha > salaâs
  • arba'a > orba'

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Larabci na Asiya ta Tsakiya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ratcliffe2004
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named International-Encyclopedia-Linguistics-Arabic
  4. ↑ Арабы Таджикистана [Ethnic Minorities of Tajikistan: Arabs] (in Rashanci). Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
  5. ↑ (Muhammad ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
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