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Larabci na Tunisiya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Tunisian Arabic
تونسي Samfuri:Transliteration  
Furucci aeb
Asali a Tunisia[1]
Ƙabila Tunisian Arabs
'Yan asalin magana
 Samfuri:Sigfig million (2024)[2]
Arabic script
Tunisian Sign Language
Official status
Recognised minority language in
As a variety of Maghrebi Arabic on 7 May 1999 (Not ratified due to several Constitutional Matters):[3][4]
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 aeb
Glottolog tuni1259[5]
Geographic distribution of Tunisian Arabic (in blue) [6][7][8]

si, aeb Tunisiya Larabci, ko Magisian kawai (Larabci: تونسي, Romanized: Tūnsi), wani larabci ne na larabci a Tunisia. An san shi a cikin miliyan 13 masu magana da Tūnsi, AEB "Yellan Larabci galibi suna da yawa daga cikin larabci na zamani da yamma Libya Larabci.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na Maghrebi Arabic yaren ci gaba, Tunisian ya haɗu da Aljeriya Larabci na Libya Larabci a kan iyakokin ƙasar. Kamar sauran yarukan Maghrebi, yana da ƙamus wanda yafi Semitic da Larabci [9] tare da Berber, Latin [10] kuma mai yiwuwa Neo-Punic [11] substratum. Larabci na Tunisiya ya ƙunshi kalmomin aro na Berber waɗanda ke wakiltar 8% zuwa 9% na ƙamus. Koyaya, Tunisian yana da kalmomin aro daga Faransanci, Turkiyya, Italiyanci da Harsunan Spain da ɗan Farisa.[12]

Rarraba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Larabci na Tunisiya yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Larabci a cikin reshen Semitic na dangin yaren Afroasiatic . [13] Yana da nau'ikan Maghrebi Larabci kamar Maroko da Aljeriya Larabci, waɗanda galibi ba su da fahimta ga masu magana da Larabci na zamani ko Mashriqi. Yana da adadi mai yawa na yarukan pre-hilalian [14] amma yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a cikin nau'in koiné don zama mafi yawan Hilalian iri-iri na Maghrebi Larabci saboda shige da fice na Banu Hilal ya shafe shi a karni na 11, kamar sauran nau'ikan Maghrevi. [15]

A matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba da yaren Larabci, an ruwaito cewa Larabci na Tunisiya yana da wani ɓangare na fahimtar juna tare da Larabci ta Aljeriya, Larabciyar Libya, Maroko, da Maltese. Koyaya, yana da ɗan fahimta, idan a kowane hali, tare da Masarawa, Levantine, Mesopotamiya, ko Gulf Arabic. [16][16]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wani dan kasar Tunisia daga garin Tebursouk da ke magana da Larabci na Tunisia

Farkon yaren

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yanayin harshe na Tsohon Tunisia

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A zamanin d ̄ a, yawan mutanen Tunisia suna magana da yarukan Berber da ke da alaƙa da yaren Numidian. Koyaya, harsunan sun ci gaba da rasa aikinsu a matsayin manyan harsunan Tunisia tun daga karni na 12 BC, kuma amfani da su ya ƙuntata galibi ga yankunan yammacin ƙasar har sai sun ɓace ko juyin halitta zuwa wasu harsuna.[17]

Lalle ne, baƙi daga Phoenicia sun zauna a Tunisia a cikin karni na 12 zuwa 2 BC, sun kafa tsohuwar Carthage kuma sun ci gaba da haɗuwa da yawan mutanen yankin.[18] Mutanen da suka yi ƙaura sun kawo al'adunsu da yarensu waɗanda suka ci gaba da yaduwa daga yankunan bakin teku na Tunisia zuwa sauran yankunan bakin tekun Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, Yankin Iberian da tsibirin Bahar Rum. Daga ƙarni na takwas KZ, yawancin mazaunan Tunisia suna magana da Harshen Punic, bambancin Harshen Phoenician wanda harshen Numidian na yankin ya rinjayi. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin, a yankunan da ke kusa da ƙauyukan Punic, Berber da aka yi amfani da shi ya samo asali sosai. A cikin cibiyoyin birane kamar Dougga, Bulla Regia, Thuburnica ko Chemtou, Berber ya rasa ilimin Maghrebi amma ya ci gaba da mahimmancin ƙamus. Kalmar "Afirka", wacce ta ba da sunanta ga nahiyar, mai yiwuwa an samo ta ne daga sunan kabilar Berber ta Afri wacce ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ta shiga hulɗa da Carthage. Har ila yau a wannan lokacin har zuwa ƙarni na uku BC, haruffa na Tifinagh ya samo asali ne daga haruffa ta Phoenician.

A wannan lokacin, Larabci na Tunisiya ya kai ga amfani da ƙasa kuma ya ƙunshi yaruka shida daban-daban amma cikakkiyar fahimta: yaren Tunis, la'akari da yaren Tunisiya; yaren Sahil; yaren Sfax; yaren kudu maso yamma; yaren Kudu maso gabas da yaren arewa maso yamma. Tsoffin yaruka sun zama marasa amfani kuma sun fara ɓacewa. Sakamakon haka, Tunisian ya zama babban harshe na sadarwa da hulɗa a cikin al'ummar Tunisiya [19] kuma Tunisia ta zama mafi yawan harshe na Maghreb.[20] Koyaya, yarukan Berber, Larabci na Libya da Aljeriya da kuma yarukan Tunisiya da yawa kamar yaren mata na birane na gargajiya, Larabcin Yahudawa-Tunisian ko ma da wasu tsarin Tunisiya kamar lā noun+š [ma'anar da ake buƙata], kuma kusan sun ɓace daga Tunisia.[21][22][23] 

manazarta

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  1. ↑ Samfuri:E28
  2. ↑ Samfuri:E28
  3. ↑ Caubet, Dominique (November–December 2004). "La 'darja', langue de culture en France" (PDF). Hommes et Migrations (in Faransanci) (1252, Langues de France): 34–44. doi:10.3406/homig.2004.4263. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24.
  4. ↑ Barontini, Alexandrine (2007). "Valorisation des langues vivantes en France: le cas de l'arabe maghrébin". Le français aujourd'hui (in Faransanci) (158): 20–27. doi:10.3917/lfa.158.0020. ISSN 2107-0857. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.
  5. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tunisian Arabic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  6. ↑ (in French) Cantineau, Jean-Pierre. (1951) "Analyse du parler arabe d'El-Hâmma de Gabès" Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris 47, pp. 64–105
  7. ↑ (in French) Boris, G. (1951). Documents linguistiques et ethnographiques sur une région du Sud Tunisien (Néfzaoua). Imprimerie nationale de France.
  8. ↑ (in French) Boris, G. (1958). Lexique du parler arabe des Marazig. Klincksieck.
  9. ↑ Elimam, Abdou (2009). "Du Punique au Maghribi: Trajectoires d'une langue sémito-méditerranéenne" (PDF). Synergies Tunisie: 29–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-17.
  10. ↑ Tilmatine, Mohand (1999). "Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain". Estudios de Dialectologia Norteafricana y Andalusi. 4: 99–119.
  11. ↑ Benramdane, Farid (1998). "« Le maghribi, langue trois fois millénaire » de ELIMAM, Abdou (Ed. ANEP, Alger 1997)". Insaniyat (6): 129–130. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.12102. S2CID 161182954.
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cota
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named e18
  14. ↑ Aouina, H. (2013).
  15. ↑ (in French) Vanhove, M. (1998).
  16. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named s'hiri
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named berb
  18. ↑ Aouina, H. (2013).
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ferg
  20. ↑ (in French) Aménagement linguistique en Tunisie (Université de Laval)
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gibson12
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gibson11
  23. ↑ (in French) Taine-Cheikh, C. (2000).
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