Larabci na Yahudawa da Maroko
| Larabci na Yahudawa da Maroko | |
|---|---|
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Hebrew-script-based alphabet (en)  | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
aju |
| Glottolog |
jude1265[1] |
Judeo-Moroccan Larabci iri-iri ne ko nau'in Larabci na harshen Moroccan wanda Yahudawan Moroko ke zaune ko a da suke zaune a Maroko ke magana. [1] [2] A tarihi, yawancin Yahudawan Moroko suna magana da Larabci na harshen Moroccan, ko kuma Darija, a matsayin harshensu na farko, har ma a yankunan Amazigh, wanda ya sami sauƙi ta hanyar karatunsu a cikin rubutun Ibrananci . [3] : 59 Darija da Yahudawan Moroko suka yi magana, wadda suke kira da al-'arabiya diyalna ("Larabcinmu") sabanin 'arabiya diyal l-məslimīn (Larabci na Musulmai), yawanci yana da siffofi na musamman, [3] : 59 misali, za su furta s as š da z as ž, wasu lamunin lexical daga Ibrananci, da kuma a wasu yankuna siffofi na Hispanic daga ƙaura na Yahudawa Sephardi bin Dokar Alhambra . [2] Yaren Yahudawa na Darija da ake magana a sassa daban-daban na Maroko sun fi dacewa da yarukan Larabci na Moroccan na gida fiye da yadda suke yi da juna. [4] : 64
A zamanin yau, masu jin yaren yawanci manya ne. Matasan ƙarni na Yahudawan Maroko waɗanda suka yi karatu a makarantun { ungiyar Isra’ila ta Ƙasashen Duniya a ƙarƙashin ikon Faransanci sun mayar da Faransanci harshensu na asali.
Bayan 1948, yawancin Yahudawa 'yan Morocco sun yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma sun canza zuwa amfani da Ibrananci a matsayin harshensu na asali . Wadanda suka yi hijira zuwa babban birnin Faransa yawanci suna amfani da Faransanci a matsayin harshensu na farko, yayin da 'yan kaɗan da suka rage a Maroko sukan yi amfani da Faransanci, Moroccan ko Larabci na Judeo-Morocca a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
Tarihi da abun da ke ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin al'ummar Yahudawa a cikin tarihinsa mai tsawo a can, yaren Moroccan na Judeo-Larabci yana da tasiri da yawa daga harsunan da ba Larabci ba, ciki har da Mutanen Espanya (saboda kusanci na Spain ), Haketia ko Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, saboda kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar Sephardic daga Spain bayan 1492 da Faransanci ya yi wa mulkin mallaka, Faransanci da mulkin mallaka, Faransanci da mulkin mallaka. ba shakka, haɗa yawancin kalmomin lamuni na Ibrananci da jumloli (wani fasalin duk yarukan Yahudawa ). Yaren yana da fahimtar fahimtar juna da Larabci na Yahudanci-Tunisiya, wasu kuma da Larabci na Yahudu-Tripolitanian (wanda, kamar Larabci na Yahudanci-Maroko, suna da alaƙa da Larabci na Maghrebi ), amma kusan babu ɗaya da Larabci na Yahudu-Iraqi .
Yawancin Musulmai masu karatu a Maroko za su rubuta, ba a cikin harshen Larabci ba, amma a cikin Larabci Standard, amma Yahudawan Moroccan, waɗanda yawanci ba su koyi Larabci daidai ba kamar yadda ake koyar da shi a cikin mahallin addinin Musulunci, sun rubuta a cikin Darija ta amfani da rubutun Ibrananci. : 59 A gare su, Darija ya kasance harshen adabi: Yahuda ibn Quraish ya rubuta risala kan harsunan Semitic a Maghrebi Judeo-Larabci zuwa Yahudawan Fes tun a ƙarni na tara. [2] : 59
A cikin 1905, ƙungiyar Yahudawa Sephardic na Fes sun aika da wasiƙa a cikin harshen Larabci na Moroccan (Darija) da aka rubuta a cikin wasiƙun Ibrananci zuwa Alfonso XIII, Sarkin Spain, suna neman ya kafa makarantar Mutanen Espanya a cikin mellah na Fes da kuma kare al'ummarsu, wanda suka bayyana a matsayin zuriyar Spain da kuma batutuwansa. [3]
Yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin Yahudawa 265,000 na Maroko sun yi hijira zuwa Isra'ila bayan 1948, tare da ƙaura mai mahimmanci zuwa Turai (mafi yawan Faransa) da Arewacin Amirka. Ko da yake kimanin Yahudawa 3,000 sun kasance a Maroko a yau, [4] yawancinsu suna jin Faransanci maimakon Yahudanci-Maroko, [5] kuma Larabcinsu ya fi kama da Larabci na Moroccan fiye da Judeo-Larabci. An kiyasta adadinsu ya kai 8,925 Maroko, galibi a Casablanca da Fes, da 250,000 a Isra'ila (inda masu magana suka ba da rahoton harsuna biyu da Ibrananci). Yawancin masu magana, a cikin ƙasashen biyu, tsofaffi ne. Akwai shirin rediyo na Yahudiya-Larabci akan rediyon Isra'ila. Har ila yau, yana da tasiri a kan harshen Yahudawan Moroko a kan tattalin arziki da yanki na Isra'ila, a wurare irin su Beersheba kamar yadda aka kwatanta a Zaguri Imperia . [6]
Iri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Simon Levy ya gano rukunoni uku na Larabci na Judeo-Morocca bisa lafazin harafin <i id="mwiQ">qaf</i> (a cikin rubutun Larabci na gargajiya na Maghrebi : ق, a rubutun Ibrananci : ק): 1) yaruka na al'ummomin Yahudawa a Fez, Sefrou, Meknes, Rabat, da Salé, waɗanda ke furta qāf a matsayin tsayawa ; 2) yarukan Marrakesh, Essaouira, Safi, el-Jadida, da Azemmour, waɗanda suke furta shi a matsayin mara murya bayan ɓoyayyiyar murya [q]; da 3) yarukan Debdou, Tafilalt, da Draa River Valley, wanda ke furta shi a matsayin sautin murya mara sauti [k]. [7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Larabci na Yahudawa da Maroko". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ Sibony, Jonas (September 2019). "Curses and profanity in Moroccan Jewish-Arabic and what's left of it in the Hebrew sociolect of Israelis from Moroccan origins". Romano-Arabica. XIX.
- ↑ Sibony, Jonas (September 2019). "Curses and profanity in Moroccan Jewish-Arabic and what's left of it in the Hebrew sociolect of Israelis from Moroccan origins". Romano-Arabica. XIX.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Sibony, Jonas (September 2019). "Curses and profanity in Moroccan Jewish-Arabic and what's left of it in the Hebrew sociolect of Israelis from Moroccan origins". Romano-Arabica. XIX.
- ↑ Levy, Simon (2013). "Les parlers arabes des juifs du Maroc". Langage et société. 143 (1): 41. doi:10.3917/ls.143.0041. ISSN 0181-4095.