Lavolja Varoš

 

Lavolja Varoš
Yankin kariya da natural monument (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Serbiya
Heritage designation (en)	Tentative World Heritage Site (en) da natural monument (en)
Shafin yanar gizo	djavoljavaros.com
Described at URL (en)	geoliss.mre.gov.rs…
World Heritage criteria (en)	(vii) (en)
Wuri
42°59′17″N 21°23′37″E

Lavolja Varoš wani dutse ne wanda ya kunshi kimanin 200 pyramids ko "hasumiyoyi", wanda ke kudancin Serbia a kan Dutsen Radan, a cikin garin Kuršumlija . Akwai nau'ikan gine-ginen ƙasa da yawa a duniya, amma dorvolja Varoš yana da mafi yawa kuma mafi tsayi.

Wurin da yake

Lavolja Varoš tana da nisan kilomita 30 (19 kudu maso gabashin Kuršumlija, a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin dutsen Radan. A fannin gudanarwa, tana cikin yankin ƙauyen Đake .

Ilimin ƙasa

Tomislav Rakićević ne ya bincika tsarin kimiyya kuma ya bayyana shi a shekarar 1955. Lavolja Varoš yana da siffofi 202 masu ban sha'awa waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin pyramids na ƙasa ko "hasumiyoyi", kamar yadda mazauna yankin ke magana da su. Suna da 2 zuwa 15 in zuwa 3 in) tsawo da 4 zuwa 6 fadi a tushe. Wadannan tsari an halicce su ne ta hanyar rushewa ƙasa mai karfi wanda ya kasance wurin aiki mai tsanani na dutsen wuta miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Yawancin hasumiyoyin suna da "caps" ko "heads" na andesite, wanda ke kare su daga ci gaba da rushewa.

Tarihin dutsen wuta ya bar alamomi a cikin duwatsu masu launi da yawa a cikin hasumiyar. Koyaya, dorvolja Varoš a cikin siffarsa ta zamani sabon fasalin ne. Yayinda mazaunan yankin da ke kewaye da su ke sare gandun daji, sun ba da damar ruwan sama ya lalata duwatsu.[1] Don haka bayyanar hasumiyoyin da yawan su koyaushe suna canzawa, tare da wasu suna rushewa da ɓacewa, kuma ana kafa sabbin. Ya bambanta da duwatsu marasa amfani, yankin yana kewaye da gandun daji mai zurfi.

Yankin da ke ƙarƙashin hasumiyoyin ana kiransa The Hell gully (Paklena jaruga) kuma filin da ke kewaye da shi wuri ne na ma'adinai daga Nemanjić Serbia na zamani. Sarki Uroš I gayyaci Masu hakar ma'adinai na Saxon a karni na 13 don bunkasa hakar ma-adinai a Serbia. A wannan yankin, sun haƙa ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da aluminum, kuma don rage zinariya da azurfa. Akwai ramukan hakar ma'adinai guda huɗu, wanda aka bincika daya kawai, mita 800 (2,600 . An san ma'adinan ma'adinai da ma'adanai na Saxon, ko Saski rudnici a cikin Serbian, kamar yadda Serbs suka kira Saxon na zamani Sasi.

Wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa yana ƙarƙashin tsari kuma yana da babban ma'adinai. Akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda biyu: Lavolja voda (Ruwa na Iblis), tare da ruwan acidic mai yawa (pH 1.5) da kuma babban ma'adinai (15 g / L na ruwa), da Crveno vrelo (Red Well). A karo na farko a cikin 1905 ne Aleksandar Zega, wanda ya kafa kungiyar Chemical Society ta Serbia ya bincika ruwan bazara mai banƙyama.

Labaran gargajiya

Red Well

Kamar yadda yake ga wasu duwatsu a Serbia (Povlen, Rtanj, Homolje), yankin Dutsen Radan an san shi da tatsuniyoyi masu yawa, musamman game da asalin Lavolja Varoš. A cewar daya daga cikin tatsuniyoyi, Radan dutse ne mai ban mamaki, wanda fairies ke zaune, yayin da Mutanen da ke zaune a gindin tuddai suka fi ƙwazo, masu ibada da kuma jituwa a duniya. Da yake fushi da wannan jituwa, wata rana shaidan ya aika da duhu da guguwa zuwa dutsen, tare da walƙiya da ke bugawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, da tsawa da ke haifar da rushewar ƙasa. Bayan mutane sun nemi mafaka suna jiran guguwar ta wuce, shaidan da kansa ya sauka zuwa Duniya kuma ya yi wa rijiyar ruwa sihiri (saboda haka sunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na yau shine ruwan shaidan), yana yin sihiri cewa duk wanda ya sha daga ciki zai rasa hankalinsa. Dukkanin shaidan da guguwar sun ɓace.

Ya bayyana kamar dai komai ya koma yadda yake bayan wannan, amma mutane sun canza. A karkashin wani sihiri, ɗan'uwa da 'yar'uwa sun ƙaunaci juna, kuma bikin aure tare da mambobi 200 sun taru. Fairies daga Radan sun bauta wa mazauna ƙauyen saboda abin da suke amma ba su iya karya sihirin shaidan ba. Sun nemi Allah ya taimake su don hana bikin aure, kuma a ranar bikin aure, da tsakar rana, flare, "mai amfani da Sun" ya kai ga tuddai. A karo na biyu, an rushe gandun daji, kuma an juya membobin bikin zuwa duwatsu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bisa ga al'adun gargajiya, ya kamata a bar duwatsu daga shafin su kadai, kamar yadda waɗanda suka ɗauke shi tare da su za a juya su cikin dutse, ma.

Wani labari ya ce wani maƙaryaci ya zauna a kan Radan. Tana shirye ta cika burin mutane, amma koyaushe tana neman ni'ima, lokacin da lokacin bukata ya zo. Duk wadanda suka yi kokarin yaudarar ta, ko kuma su ɓoye daga gare ta, ta juya su cikin dutse kuma an binne su a ƙarƙashin hasumiyoyi. A cikin "daddare mafi ƙanƙanta, yayin da taurari masu fadowa suka cika rafin kuma wata mai ƙarfi ya haskaka sama", fitowa, jan rana za ta narkar da hasumiyoyin da ke 'yantar da waɗanda aka binne a ƙasa. Wannan zai zama alamar cewa maƙaryaci ya dawo kuma dole ne su cika ni'imar ta.

Ba a ajiye tatsuniyoyi ne kawai don asalin Lavolja Varoš ba, har ma da ma'adinai da coci. Da'awar ita ce a cikin dare mafi zurfi, daga uku har yanzu rufe tsoffin ma'adinai, zaku iya jin masu hakar ma'adanai na Saxon suna tono ma'adinin a ciki. Wani mutum mai godiya, mai fama da rashin lafiya ne ya gina cocin wanda ya ga bayyanar Saint Petka a cikin gandun daji. Ya kwashe kwanaki bakwai masu zuwa a wannan wurin, kuma a rana ta takwas ya farka gaba ɗaya ya warke. Tsayawa wannan lokacin kwana bakwai, Ikilisiya a yau tana samar da duwatsu masu sa'a, waɗanda ake ajiyewa a cikin coci na kwana bakwai. Ikilisiya kuma tana ba da fararen tufafi. Tare da shi, mutane sun taɓa wuri mai ciwo kuma suna yin fatan warkewa. Ana ɗaure zane zuwa ɗaya daga cikin itatuwa uku da ke kewaye da cocin, kuma a rana ta bakwai an cire su kuma an binne su a ƙasa, "suna rashin lafiya tare da shi".

Karewa

Tun daga shekara ta 1959, jihar ta kare Lavolja Varoš kuma wani yanke shawara na 1995 na Gwamnatin Serbia ta ayyana shi babban abin tunawa na halitta wanda ke ƙarƙashin kariya ta farko. Lavolja Varoš ta kasance dan takara a cikin New Seven Wonders of Nature campaign.

Masu yawon bude ido 50,000 ne ke ziyarta a kowace shekara, amma har yanzu ba a inganta karfin yawon bude hankali ba. Akwai gidajen cin abinci guda biyu a kusa, "Đavolja Varoš", da kuma "Dva Ambara". Wani karamin coci na katako, wanda aka keɓe ga Saint Petka, yana gaban dutsen dutse. An gina shi a kan harsashin tsohuwar coci na ƙarni na 13.