Leith AGCM

Leith AGCM samfurin yanayi ne wanda Cecil Leith ya haɓaka tun daga farkon 1958; mai yiwuwa shine mafi tsufa na tsarin yaduwar yanayi. Leith ta buga bidiyo game da samfurin samfurin ta, wanda ya karfafa wasu masana kimiyya su yi haka. A yau an maye gurbinsa da Tsarin yanayi wanda aka haɓaka daga lambobin tushe daban-daban; saboda haka, ba a san shi sosai ba.

Tarihi da ci gaba

Kokarin lissafin halayyar tsarin yanayi ya fara ne a cikin 1920s tare da takarda mai mahimmanci ta Lewis Fry Richardson. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 kungiyoyi da yawa sun shiga cikin yin samfuran yanayi, tare da manyan kokarin da ke faruwa a jami'o'in Amurka da yawa waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka haifar da sanannun samfuran GFDL, UCLA, da NCAR. A yau samfuran yanayi muhimmiyar kamfani ce tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan manufofin jama'a, inda daruruwan masana kimiyya da cibiyoyi suka shiga a duk duniya.

Mai bincike Cecil E. "Chuck" Leith (1923-2016) sananne ne ga bincikensa kan injiniyan ruwa. Bayan aikin farko a kan Manhattan Project, wanda ya haifar da kirkirar bama-Bamai na nukiliya, ya shiga Lawrence Radiation Laboratory bayan 1946 kuma a 1968 Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Kasa. Da farko a shekara ta 1958, ya fara aiki a kan tsarin yanayi wanda daga baya aka kira shi "Leith atmospheric model" ko "Livermore atmospheric models".[1] Ba a bayar da rahoton wanzuwarsa a wannan lokacin ba, tare da labaran jaridu da yawa na zamani da suka ambaci shi. A cewar tambayoyin da aka yi da Leith, sanannen masanin kimiyya Edward Teller ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi don yin aiki a kan tsarin yanayi da kuma ra'ayin sanya iliminsa game da fashewar nukiliya don amfani da shi a fagen da ba za a hana shi da haramcin gwajin nukiliya ba.[1] An rubuta samfurin a cikin harshen taro, wanda watakila ya ba shi farawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ayyukan samfurin yanayi da ke faruwa a Livermore a lokacin kuma wanda ya dogara da harshen mai tarawa.[1] Ya bayyana cewa akwai nau'o'i huɗu, bisa ga rahotanni na inganta aikin akan lambar, kuma Leith ya yada bidiyo da yawa (a lokacin da ake kira "fim") na fitar da samfurinsa.[1] A yau, gabatarwar da za a iya karantawa na yawan bayanai da aka fitar ta hanyar samfurin yanayi babbar matsala ce a cikin ƙirar yanayi; kuma misalin Leith ya yi wahayi zuwa ga wasu masana kimiyya don yin bidiyo.[1] Leith a bayyane ya dogara da kamfani mai zaman kansa, Pacific Title, wanda ke aiki a masana'antar nishaɗi a Hollywood, da bidiyo ɗaya da ke nuna fitar da samfurin ɓoye.[1]

Misali

Wannan samfurin, wanda a bayyane yake Leith ya kirkira da hannu ɗaya, ya haɗa da farko biyar, daga baya shida, matakan tsawo a cikin yanayi da rarraba ƙasa-teku na ainihi, tare da dukan samfurin da ke rufe latitudes tsakanin ma'auni da 60 ° arewa a kan grid 5 °. Daga baya an fadada ikonsa zuwa yankunan polar. Ya haɗa da jan hankali, yaduwar yaduwa, matakai masu haske amma babu taswirar ƙasa. Zai iya kwaikwayon zafin jiki na rana da dare amma bai samar da rarraba hazo na gaskiya ba ko da bayan aikin ingantawa. An yi amfani da sassan baya don kwaikwayon yanayin Mars da halayyar Arctic a lokacin zamanin kankara.

Ma'anar

Leith sau biyu ya yi iƙirarin cewa samfurinsa shine na farko da ya haɗa da sake zagayowar ruwa. Akwai wasu samfuran da aka tattauna a baya a cikin wallafe-wallafen, amma ƙananan shaidu ne kawai cewa suna aiki a zahiri; ba a bayyana lokacin da aka fara haɗa sake zagayowar ruwa a cikin samfuran yanayi amma ya bayyana cewa bayan samfurin Leith ne. Duk da haka an yi amfani da samfurin sau ɗaya kawai a cikin wani wallafe-wallafen ilimi, musamman a cikin wani littafi na 1968 game da raƙuman yanayi, yayin da sha'awar Leith ta sauya zuwa rikice-rikicen girma biyu, kuma a ƙarshe samfurinsa ya tabbatar da ƙarancin tasiri fiye da sauran ƙoƙarin ƙirar yanayi.

 

Haɗin waje

"The grandfather of today's climate models" on YouTube

Lowell