Leonard Jeffries
 Leonard Jeffries | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Newark (en)  , 19 ga Janairu, 1937 (88 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Columbia University (mul) University of Lausanne (en) Lafayette College (en) School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Malami |
| Employers |
San José State University (en) |
Leonard Jeffries Jr. (an haife shi a watan Janairu 19, 1937) masanin kimiyyar siyasar Amurka ne kuma tsohon malami. Ya kasance shugaban sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata a Kwalejin City na New York, wani ɓangare na Jami'ar City na New York (CUNY). An haife shi kuma ya girma a Newark, New Jersey. Shi ne kawun Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Hakeem Jeffries da masanin tarihin Jami'ar Jihar Ohio Hasan Kwame Jeffries.
An san shi da ra'ayin sa na Pan-African Afrocentrist cewa rawar da mutanen Afirka ke takawa a tarihi da kuma nasarorin da 'yan Afirka suka samu sun fi mahimmanci fiye da yadda ake gudanar da su, Jeffries ya bukaci a rage tsarin karatun makarantun gwamnati a matsayin kasa da Eurocentric.[1][2] Shi ne wanda ya kafa darakta kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kungiyar Nazarin Al'adun gargajiyar Afirka (ASCAC).
Ikirarin Jeffries na cewa ’yan kasuwa Yahudawa sun ba da kuɗin cinikin bayi na Atlantic kuma sun yi amfani da masana’antar fina-finai don cutar da baƙar fata, kuma cewa turawa “masu ƙanƙara ne” yayin da baƙar fata “masu rana” ne, sun sami karɓuwa a ƙasa a farkon shekarun 1990.[3] An sallami Jeffries daga matsayinsa na shugaban Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata na CUNY, wanda ya haifar da doguwar yaƙin shari'a[4][5][6] wanda ya ƙare tare da kotuna da ke tabbatar da haƙƙin kwalejin na cire shi daga matsayin saboda kalamansa masu tayar da hankali.[7]
Aikin ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jeffries ya halarci Kwalejin Lafayette don aikinsa na digiri. A Lafayette, ya yi alƙawarin, kuma an yarda da shi cikin, ƴan uwantaka Pi Lambda Phi.[8] A cikin babban shekararsa, an zaɓi Jeffries shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan'uwan. Bayan kammala karatunsa da karramawa a shekarar 1959, ya samu lambar yabo ta Rotary International zuwa Jami'ar Lausanne da ke Switzerland. A cikin 1961, ya fara karatu a Makarantar Harkokin Kasa da Kasa ta Jami'ar Columbia, daga nan ya sami digiri na biyu a 1965.
A lokaci guda, Jeffries ya yi aiki da Operation Crossroads Africa, wanda ya ba shi damar yin lokaci a Guinea, Mali, Senegal, da Ivory Coast. Ya zama mai kula da shirye-shirye na yammacin Afirka a 1965. Jeffries ya zama malamin kimiyyar siyasa a City College of New York (CCNY) a 1969 kuma ya sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Columbia a 1971 tare da karatun digiri a kan siyasa a Ivory Coast. Ya zama shugaban kafa na Black Studies a San Jose State College a California. Bayan shekara guda, ya zama farfesa a CCNY kuma shugaban sabon Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata.
Jeffries ya jagoranci Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata na CCNY sama da shekaru ashirin, yana ɗaukar malamai masu tunani iri ɗaya da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa adadin malamai da ɗalibai a cikin ko alaƙa da sashin. A lokacin aikinsa, sashen ya dauki nauyin / shiryawa / shirya manyan tarurruka da tarurrukan kasa da kasa guda 25. Bayan gudanarwa da koyarwa, Jeffries sau da yawa yakan yi balaguro zuwa Afirka kuma ya yi aiki a Ƙungiyar Nazarin Al'adun Gargajiya ta Afirka, ƙungiyar da ke neman fayyace da haɓaka horon Nazarin Baƙar fata.[9]
Cire a matsayin shugaba da yaƙin shari'a (1990s)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1992, Jeffries ya fara rage wa'adinsa daga shekaru uku zuwa ɗaya, sannan aka cire shi a matsayin shugaban sashen nazarin Afirka-Amurka, amma an ba shi izinin zama a matsayin farfesa. Ya kai karar makarantar, kuma a watan Agusta 1993 wani juri na tarayya ya gano cewa an tauye hakkinsa na Farko. Amma an sake nada Jeffries gaba ɗaya a matsayin kujera. An ba shi diyya $400,000 (daga baya an rage shi zuwa $360,000).[10]
Makarantar ta daukaka kara, amma kotun daukaka kara ta tarayya ta amince da hukuncin tare da cire diyya. An kirkiro Cibiyar Bincike ta CUNY akan Al'ummomin kasashen waje a Amurka da Caribbean don yin binciken baƙar fata ba tare da sashin Jeffries ba. Edmund W. Gordon ne ya jagoranta, wanda ya jagoranci Sashen Nazarin Baƙar fata kafin a dawo da Jeffries.
A cikin Nuwamba 1994, Kotun Koli ta gaya wa kotun daukaka kara da ta sake tunani bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli mai alaka.[17] Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin ta a watan Afrilu 1995, [18] kuma a watan Yuni, an zabi Farfesa Moyibi Amodo don ya gaji Jeffries a matsayin shugaban sashen.[11]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Stanley, Alessandra (August 7, 1991). "City College Professor Assailed for Remarks on Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2017
- ↑ Morrow, Lance (June 24, 2001). "Controversies: The Provocative Professor". Time. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
- ↑ Benjamin, Richard M. (Winter 1993). "The Bizarre Classroom of Dr. Leonard Jeffries". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (2): 91–96. doi:10.2307/2962577. ISSN 1077-3711. JSTOR 2962577. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ↑ Foerstel, Herbert N. (1997). "Jefferies, Leonard". Free expression and censorship in America: an encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 101–102, 132. ISBN 978-0-313-29231-6. LCCN 96042157. OCLC 35317918.
- ↑ Abel, Richard L. (1999). Speaking Respect, Respecting Speech. University of Chicago Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 0-226-00057-5.
- ↑ David Singer, Ruth R. Seldin, ed. (1996). American Jewish Year Book 1996. New York: The American Jewish Committee. pp. 120–121. ISBN 0-87495-110-0. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
- ↑ Perez-Pena, Richard (April 5, 1995). "In Reversal, Court Backs City College In Jeffries Lawsuit". The New York Times
- ↑ Pendergast, Sara; Pendergast, Tom (2006). Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 56: Profiles from the International Black Community. Detroit: Thomson Gale. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7876-7928-6.
- ↑ Ferguson, Stephen C. (2015). Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 56. ISBN 9781137549976.
- ↑ "Academic Freedom". West's Encyclopedia of American Law. The Gale Group. 1998. Retrieved May 15, 2009
- ↑ Spitzer, Robert J. (1994). "Tenure, Speech, and the Jeffries Case: A Functional Analysis". Pace Law Review. 15 (111): 111. doi:10.58948/2331-3528.1357. S2CID 142606184. Retrieved May 15, 2009