Leonard Peltier
 Leonard Peltier | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Grand Forks (en)  , 12 Satumba 1944 (81 shekaru) |
| ƙasa |
Tarayyar Amurka Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
political activist (en) da prisoner (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
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| IMDb | nm0671315 |
Leonard Peltier (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1944) ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM) wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa da kisan jami'an Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) guda biyu a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1975, harbi a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a Dakota ta Kudu. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai sau biyu a jere.[1] Peltier ya cancanci samun izini a shekarar 1993.
A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, Shugaba Joe Biden ya sauyawa hukuncin Peltier zuwa kama gidansa ba tare da iyaka ba jim kadan kafin ya bar ofis. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, ranar da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar bayar da jinƙai, an saki Peltier kuma an tura shi zuwa Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation a Belcourt, North Dakota . [2]
A cikin littafinsa na 1999 Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance, Peltier ya yarda da shiga cikin harbi amma ya ce bai kashe jami'an FBI ba.[3] Koyaya, shaidu sun ce ya furta, gami da Darlene Ka-Mook Nichols, wanda ya ba da shaida a kansa a shari'a. Masu kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar Amnesty International, da kuma 'yan siyasa ciki har da Nelson Mandela, Uwargida Teresa, da Dalai Lama na 14, sun yi kamfen don jinƙai ga Peltier.[4]
A lokacin harbi, Peltier memba ne mai aiki a AIM, ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke aiki don yaki da wariyar launin fata da zalunci na' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka.[5]
Sashe na I - A cikin Muryata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Leonard Peltier ya fara tarihinsa ta hanyar bayyana yanayin da ba shi da kyau da rashin tsaro wanda ya rubuta sassansa. Ya nuna godiya, yana maraba da mai karatu, ba tare da tabbacin ko littafinsa zai kai ga kowa ba. Duk da damuwarsa, rubuce-rubucensa na sirri ne, an tsoma shi cikin sautin ɗan adam ba kawai na kansa ba har ma da mai karatu. Peltier ya bayyana niyyarsa bayan rubuce-rubucen shaidarsa a shekara ta 23 na hukuncinsa na rai, yana mai cewa, "[Ina rubutu] ba saboda ina shirin mutuwa ba, amma saboda ina shirin rayuwa" (shafi na 8). Yana ciyar da yawancin wannan ɓangaren yana dawo da asalinsa, yawanci yana sake maimaita sunansa, duka Leonard Peltier da Gwarth-ee-lass, don ba da damar mai karatu ya kalli shi a matsayin mutum fiye da kowane lakabi ko taron da aka yi amfani da shi don cire shi daga asalinsa. A matsayinsa na ɗan asalin tsibirin Great Turtle, Peltier ya rubuta game da gwagwarmayarsa da ɗaurin kurkuku, ba a matsayin gwagwarmaya ba amma a matsayin guguwar mutanensa, gwagwarimar da zai ci gaba da jimre wa mutanensa. Ba ya ganin kansa a matsayin mai iko har sai ya haɗa kansa da mutanensa, kuma a wannan lokacin ne kawai ya sami ƙarfi a cikin gwagwarmayar da ya jimre. Bugu da ƙari, yana magana game da hikimar da aka ba shi daga dattawa, cewa magana daga zuciya game da rashin adalci aikin kowa ne kuma hanya ce ta rayuwa ta asali. Peltier ya ba da cikakken bayani game da Sun Dance, wani bikin ruhaniya inda mutum ke sadaukar da jikinsa da rayuwarsa ga Babban Ruhu. Wannan tafiya ta ruhaniya, kamar kakanninsa na asali, ya ba shi damar tsayayya da masu zalunci maimakon barin mutanensa. A matsayinsa na Sun Dancer, yana nuna juriya mai banƙyama sau da yawa wanda mazauna ke fahimta ba. Ta hanyar sassan da suka biyo baya, ya nuna wa mai karatu ikon da ke bayan Sun Dance.
Sashe na II - Wanene Ni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin sashi na 2 na My Life is My Sun Dance, Peltier ya tattauna abin da yake nufi da zama 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka amma musamman Amurka. Ya bayyana cewa labarinsa ba takamaiman ba ne a gare shi amma "labari ne na mutanena, mutanen Indiya na wannan Babban Tsibirin Turtle. " Ya tattauna wasu mahimman bayanai a tarihi wanda ya tsara abin da ya bayyana a matsayin tarihin da ya yi baƙin ciki a cikin bala'i, yaudara, da kisan kare dangi. Ya bayyana yadda aka sace ƙasashen 'yan asalin ƙasar daga gare su da kuma yadda aka tura su zuwa wuraren ajiya. Ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na Wounded Knee Massacre, Dakota ta Kudu a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1890, wanda ya kasance muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin kisan kare dangi na 'yan asalin ƙasar.[6] Ya kuma bayyana yadda ake ci gaba da kisan kare dangi a zamanin yau ta hanyar ambaton kididdiga kamar gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin mafi girman matakan talauci, rashin aikin yi, mutuwar jarirai, da kuma kashe kansa na matasa a kasar suna kan ajiya a Dakota ta Kudu. Ya nuna cewa Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka ce wacce ta nemi bayyana wa duniya laifukan da aka aikata wa 'yan asalin ƙasar. Sashe na 2 kuma ya ƙunshi waka mai taken "kiran gaggafa" wanda ke game da son a ji shi yayin da layin "Ku saurare ni!" da "ku ji mu" ana furta su sau da yawa a ko'ina.[6][6]
Sashe na III - Girma a Indiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Peltier ya rubuta game da muhimmancin sunaye a cikin wannan ɓangaren tarihinsa. Yayin da suke da alaƙa da asalin 'yan asalin ƙasar, Peltier ya lura da yadda sunaye ke ba mutane ma'anar ko wanene su da kuma damar su. Ya nuna cewa sunaye suna ba mutane wani abu da za su rayu kuma sunayen na iya nuna inda ya kamata mutum ya kasance a rayuwa. Peltier ya bayyana sunaye daban-daban da yake da su, kamar Tate Wikuw, wanda ke fassara zuwa "Wind Chases the Sun" a cikin yaren Dakota, wanda shine sunan kakansa, da Gwarth-ee-lass wanda ke fassarar zuwa "Shugabannin Jama'a" (Peltier 61). Wannan ɓangaren tarihinsa ya kuma nuna gwagwarmayar ikon mallakar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma hukumar, kamar yadda Peltier ya lura cewa shi, tare da kowane mutum na Ikce Wicasa (Mutanen da suka saba / na asali), suna da ƙasarsu da asalin su a ƙarƙashin zama. Ya nuna yawan bambancin launin fata na 'yan asalin ƙasar kamar kansa da kuma yadda masana'antar kurkuku (PIC) ke da manufofi da bunƙasa daga gare su. Peltier ya haskaka ayyukan kisan kare dangi na PIC ta hanyar nuna mummunar tasirin mulkin mallaka, da kuma PIC da ke kwaikwayon mulkin mallaka a cikin kurkuku, waɗannan tsarin sun kasance a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar.
Sashe na IV - Kasancewa Siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Peltier ya rubuta game da shigar da shi da aiki ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bayan ya ga ana zaluntar 'yan asalin ƙasar saboda ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da kare haƙƙoƙinsu, waɗanda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar tarayya kuma ba a tabbatar da su ta gwamnatin Amurka ba, sai ya fara gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin farar hula da na' yan asalin ƙasar tare da AIM. Ya tattauna yadda gwamnatin Amurka ta fi sha'awar karbar ƙasar 'yan asalin ta hanyar zalunci, kisan kai, da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau saboda dalilai na mulkin mallaka da kuma fitarwa. A matsayinsa na memba na AIM, ya shiga cikin Ofishin Harkokin Indiya (BIA) a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1972, wanda ya fara ne a matsayin tafiya ta zaman lafiya da ake kira "Hanyar Yarjejeniyar da ta Rushe" wanda ya karu saboda BIA da jami'an tsaro da ke ƙoƙarin cire masu zanga-zangar da karfi. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da AIM don taimakawa wajen samun aiki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma ya yi aiki a cikin shirin farfado da barasa, da kuma aikin ruhaniya. A shekara ta 1975, Peltier ya isa ƙasar Oglala don taimakawa kare 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a can waɗanda ake kashewa.[7] An aika shi da sauran mayaƙan AIM don kare mazaunan ƙasar, ba a matsayin rundunar soja ba.[7] Koyaya, an yi musu kwanton bauna kuma an tilasta musu kare kansu da ƙananan makamai masu tsaro da suke da su. Peltier ya yi tunani game da yadda gwamnati ta ɓoye bayanai kuma ta yi ƙarya don ɗora masa zargi da membobin AIM a matsayin masu kai hari a musayar.
Sashe na v - Wannan Ranar a Oglala
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wannan sashe ya zayyana labarin Peltier na ranar da aka kai wa mutanensa hari a Oglala wanda ya kai ga kama shi da dauri. Peltier ya kasance a cikin "birnin tanti" tare da wasu membobin AIM akan kayan Harry da Cecilia Jumping Bull. Dattawan Lakota sun nemi kariya daga rukunin GOON waɗanda suka kasance suna "ta'addanci" Reservation na Pine Ridge "tsawon watanni" (Peltier 126). A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1975, rukuninsu, wanda ya haɗa da mata, yara, da dattawa, “masu doka, GOONs, SWAT teams, ƴan banga, ‘yan sandan BIA, kuna suna” (129). [6] Kungiyar Peltier ba ta son daukar fansa nan take. Sai dai an kashe jami'an FBI guda biyu Jack R. Coler da Ronald A. Williams sannan kuma tashin hankalin da ake yiwa kungiyar Peltier ya karu. Duk da cewa an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, Peltier ya musanta kashe jami’an FBI biyu kuma ya ce da ya yi kokarin hana duk wanda ya kai harin na gaskiya. Peltier da mutanensa sun yi nasarar tserewa daga harin kuma duk sun tsira, in banda Joe Killsright Stuntz. Yayin da suke gudu, kungiyar ta tsaya domin yin addu’a kuma Peltier ya ce wata gaggafa ce ta kai su. Peltier ya gode wa wadanda suka ba su mafaka bayan harin da wadanda suka yi murna tare da taimaka musu wajen tserewa. Yayin da kungiyar Peltier ta buya, ‘yan sanda sun yi ta farautar su tare da tsoratar da Reservation na Pine Ridge suna neman su. Dattawan kungiyar Peltier sun yanke shawarar cewa za su boye har sai Sun Dance a watan Agusta inda za su gode wa Wakan Tanka don ceton rayukansu, amma ‘yan sanda sun kama mambobin kungiyar daya bayan daya har sai da Peltier ya yanke shawarar guduwa zuwa Canada. Ya yi fatan samun tsira a tsakanin al’ummomin ‘yan asalin da ke wurin da kuma yiwuwar a ba shi mafakar siyasa, domin bai amince da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi masa shari’a ta gaskiya ba, ko ma ta bar shi ya rayu.
Sashe na VI - Rayuwa a Jahannama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Peltier ya ba da labarin kama shi a Kanada a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1976. Bayan kama shi, FBI ta yi cin hanci kuma ta tilasta wa Myrtle Poor Bear ta samar da takardar shaidar ƙarya a kan Peltier, tana mai da'awar cewa ta kasance mai shaida ga kisan jami'an FBI guda biyu a Pine Ridge Reservation a watan Yunin 1975 kuma tsohuwar budurwa ce ta Peltier. Duk da rashin adalci da rashin mutunci na Peltier tun lokacin da aka kama shi a Kanada, ya ki a zama wanda aka azabtar, yana jaddada matsayinsa a matsayin jarumi wanda ya sami ƙarfinsa a Sun Dance . [6] Bayan an yi masa alkawarin shari'a mai kyau, Peltier ya sanya hannu kan takardun mika shi don sauƙaƙe dawowarsa Amurka, inda ya sami hukuncin rai biyu a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1977, kuma an tura shi gidan yarin Amurka a Leavenworth, Kansas.[6] FBI ta shirya hukuncin da aka yanke wa Peltier ta hanyar shaidar da aka ƙirƙira da kuma "ba bisa ka'ida ba" yayin da suke buƙatar "scapegoat" na jama'a don biyan mutuwar jami'an su biyu.[6] Peltier ya bayyana yadda aka bi da shi "ba bisa ka'ida ba" tun lokacin da aka ɗaure shi, gami da tsira daga wani makircin kisan kai da tserewa daga kurkuku yayin da aka sauya shi zuwa kurkukun Lompoc a shekara ta 1979. [6] Bugu da ƙari, Peltier ya ba da labarin mafarki mai canzawa da ya fuskanta yayin da yake cikin kurkuku, wanda ya isar da shi a cikin labarin da ake kira "The Last Battle".[6] Peltier ya kuma bayyana "inipi, ko bikin gumi-lodge" da ya halarta a kowace Asabar a Leavenworth, ta hanyar da ya sami damar jin "yanci mai albarka" da tserewa gaba ɗaya duk da ɗaurin kurkuku.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "United States v. Peltier, 189 F. Supp. 2d 970 (D.N.D. 2002)". Justia Law (in Turanci). Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ↑ Arkin, Daniel; Ortiz, Erik (20 January 2025). "Biden commutes life sentence of Leonard Peltier, Native American activist imprisoned for almost 50 years" (in Turanci). NBC News. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- ↑ Ezzo, Joseph (2013). "The Leonard Peltier Case: An Argument in Support of Executive Clemency Based on Norms of International Human Rights". American Indian Law Review. 38: 35–99.
- ↑ "Annual Report: USA 2010". Amnesty International USA (in Turanci). Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ↑ "Leonard Peltier | American Indian activist". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbook71 - ↑ 7.0 7.1 "The Shootout | International Leonard Peltier Defense Committee" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-06.