Lili Elbe

Lili Elbe
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Einar Magnus Andreas Wegener
Haihuwa	Vejle (mul) , 28 Disamba 1882
ƙasa	Daular Denmark
Mutuwa	Dresden, 13 Satumba 1931
Makwanci	Trinitatis Cemetery (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	accidental death (en)  (complication (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Gerda Wegener (mul)
Karatu
Makaranta	Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (en)
Harsuna	Danish (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	painter (en)
Artistic movement	landscape painting (en)

Lili Ilse Elvenes (28 Disamba 1882 - 13 Satumba 1931), wacce aka fi sani da Lili Elbe, ta kasance mai zane 'yar Denmark, mace mai canza jinsi, kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fara yi wa tiyata mai tabbatar da jinsi .

Elbe mai zane ce a ƙarƙashin sunan haihuwarta na namiji. Bayan ta sauya sheka a shekarar 1930, ta canza sunanta na doka zuwa Lili Ilse Elvenes, ta daina zane, sannan daga baya ta ɗauki sunan Elbe. Ita ce ta farko da aka sani da aka yi mata dashen mahaifa a wani yunƙuri na ɗaukar ciki, amma ta mutu sakamakon matsalolin da suka biyo baya.

An buga sigar labarinta na rabin tarihin rayuwarta a Burtaniya da Amurka bayan mutuwarta a shekarar 1933 a ƙarƙashin taken Man into Woman: An Inganci Record of a Change of Sex . An fitar da wani fim da ya samo asali daga rayuwarta, The Denmark Girl, a shekarar 2015. An fara wasan opera mai suna Lili Elbe, wacce Tobias Picker ya tsara, a shekarar 2023.

Rayuwa ta farko

Gabaɗaya ana kyautata zaton an haifi Elbe a shekarar 1882, a Vejle, Denmark, ɗiyar Ane Marie Thomsen da dillalin kayan ƙanshi Mogens Wilhelm Wegener, a cewar rajistar cocin St. Nicolai . A wani lokaci ana ambaton shekarar haihuwarta a matsayin shekarar 1886 ta wani littafi game da ita, inda aka canza wasu bayanai don kare asalin mutanen da abin ya shafa. Bayanan da suka shafi rayuwar matarsa Gerda Wegener-Gottlieb, sun nuna cewa ranar 1882 daidai ne domin sun yi aure a lokacin da suke jami'a a shekarar 1904, lokacin da Elbe zai kasance yana da shekaru goma sha takwas kacal idan ranar 1886 daidai ce.

Ana hasashen cewa Elbe ya kasance mace mai jinsi biyu, kodayake an yi jayayya a kan hakan. Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa ta riga ta sami ƙwai a cikinta kuma wataƙila ta sami cutar Klinefelter .

Aure da tallan kayan kawa

Gerda Gottlieb, 1904

Elbe c. 1920

Elbe ta haɗu da Gerda Gottlieb a lokacin da suke ɗalibai a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Danish da ke Copenhagen, kuma sun yi aure a shekara ta 1904 lokacin da Gottlieb ke da shekaru goma sha tara da kuma lokacin da Elbe ke da shekaru ashirin da biyu. Gerda ta fito ne daga iyali mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, domin mahaifinta limamin cocin Lutheran ne . Sun yi aiki a matsayin masu zane-zane, inda Elbe ya ƙware a fannin zane-zanen shimfidar wuri yayin da Gottlieb ya yi zane-zane a littattafai da mujallun kayan kwalliya.

Sun yi yawo a ko'ina cikin Italiya da Faransa kafin su sauka a birnin Paris a shekarar 1912, inda Elbe zai iya rayuwa a fili a matsayin mace ta hanyar yin kamar surukar Gottlieb. Elbe ya sami Neuhausens præmie a shekarar 1907 kuma an baje kolin a Kunstnernes Efterårsudstilling (Nunin Kaka na Masu Fasaha) a Gidan Tarihi na Vejle da ke Denmark, inda ta ci gaba da kasancewa wakiliya, da kuma a Saloon da Salon d'Automne da ke Paris.

Elbe ta fara sanya kayan mata bayan ta ga tana jin daɗin safa da takalmi da takalmi da ta saka don maye gurbin samfurin Gottlieb, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Anna Larssen, wanda, a wani lokaci, ya makara don zama. Larssen ta gabatar da sunan Lili, kuma, a shekarun 1920, Elbe ta saba gabatar da wannan sunan a matsayin mace, tana halartar bukukuwa daban-daban da kuma nishadantar da baƙi a gidanta. Gottlieb ta shahara saboda zane-zanenta na kyawawan mata masu idanu masu kama da almond, sanye da kayan kwalliya. Samfurin waɗannan zane-zanen ƙananan mata masu fatales shine Elbe. Elbe ta daina zane bayan sauyinta.

• Zane-zanen Elbe na Gottlieb
• 
  Hoton hoto, c. 1928
• 
  Hoton hoto, n.d.

Tiyata da kuma wargaza aure

Elbe a shekarar 1930

A shekarar 1930, Elbe ya tafi Jamus don yin tiyatar sake sanya wa mata aiki, wadda ta kasance gwaji sosai a lokacin. Ta yi tunanin kashe kanta kafin ta fahimci waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan. A lokacin da yake Jamus, Elbe ya zauna a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jima'i ta Hirschfeld . Kafin a fara duk wani aikin tiyata, likitan jima'i na Jamus, Magnus Hirschfeld, ya tantance lafiyar kwakwalwar Elbe ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da dama. An gudanar da jerin ayyuka guda huɗu a cikin shekaru biyu. Tiyatar farko, wadda aka yi a Berlin, ita ce cire ƙwayayen da Erwin Gohrbandt ya yi. Kurt Warnekros, likita a Asibitin Mata na Gundumar Dresden ne ya yi sauran tiyatar. Duk takardun lafiyar Lili Elbe sun lalace sakamakon hare-haren bama-bamai da ƙungiyar kawance ta kai wanda ya lalata asibitin da kuma rumbun adana kayan tarihinta. Tiyata ta biyu ita ce dasa ƙwayar ƙwai a cikin tsokoki na ciki, sannan ta uku kuma a cire azzakari da ƙwayar ƙwai. A wannan lokacin, lamarinta ya zama abin mamaki a jaridun Denmark da Jamus. Wata kotu a Denmark ta soke auren ma'auratan a watan Oktoban 1930, kuma Elbe ta sami damar canza jinsinta da sunanta bisa doka, har ma ta sami fasfo a matsayin Lili Ilse Elvenes . An fara amfani da sunan "Lili Elbe" a cikin wani labarin jarida na Denmark wanda 'yar jaridar Copenhagen Louise "Loulou" Lassen ta rubuta wa Politiken a watan Fabrairun 1931. Elbe ta koma Dresden ta fara dangantaka da dillalin fasaha na Faransa Claude Lejeune, wanda take son aura kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya da shi. Gerda ta ci gaba da auren wani mutumin Italiya bayan ta rabu da Elbe, duk da cewa auren ya ƙare da saki jim kaɗan bayan haka.

A shekarar 1931, Elbe ta dawo don tiyatar ta ta huɗu, don dashen mahaifa da kuma gina hanyar farji . Wannan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata masu canza jinsi na farko da aka yi wa tiyatar farji, 'yan makonni bayan Erwin Gohrbandt ya yi aikin gwaji a kan Dora Richter .

Mutuwa

Bayan tiyatar Elbe ta huɗu, garkuwar jikinta ta ƙi karɓar mahaifar da aka dasa, saboda ba a yi amfani da magungunan rage garkuwar jiki sosai ba kamar yadda ake amfani da su a dashen gabobi na zamani. Rashin ƙwayayen jiki ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwarta sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1931 a Dresden, Jamus, watanni uku bayan tiyatar.