Lin Huiyin
Lin Huiyin (Chinese: 林徽因, born 林徽音; pinyin: Lín Huīyīn; 10 June 1904 – 1 April 1955; known as Phyllis Whei Yin Lin[1] when studying in the United States) was a Chinese architect, writer, and poet. She is known to be the first female architect in modern China.[2] Her husband was Liang Sicheng, named as the "father of modern Chinese architecture".[2]
A shekara ta tara ta Jamhuriyar Sin (1920), Lin Huiyin ta yi tafiya zuwa Turai tare da mahaifinta Lin Changmin . A shekara ta goma sha biyu na Jamhuriyar Sin (1923), ta shiga cikin ayyukan Crescent Moon Society . A shekara ta goma sha uku na Jamhuriyar Sin (1924), ta yi karatu a Amurka a Jami'ar Pennsylvania School of Fine Arts, tana karbar darussan a Ma'aikatar Gine-gine kuma tana samun digiri na farko na Arts (wanda za a ba ta digiri na farko a cikin gine-gine a 2024). Daga baya, ta yi karatu a Makarantar Wasan kwaikwayo ta Jami'ar Yale a Sashen Fasaha. Sashen Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas a 1928, tare da Liang Sicheng, ta yi bayani kuma ta sake nazarin "Babban Tarihin Tang a Yammacin Yamma" daga tarin Cibiyar Gine-gine ta kasar Sin (daddun gine-gine da sunayen wurare na Daular Tang), ta gano gine-ginen Daular Tang - Haikali na Foguang a Dutsen Wutai . Bayan 'yanci, Lin Huiyin ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar alamar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, ƙirar Abin tunawa ga Jarumai na Jama'a, da kuma kirkirar sana'a, kuma ya rubuta "Tarin Waƙoƙi na Lin Huiyin" da "Rubuce-rubucen Lin Huiyin". [3]
Bayan 1949, a matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Tsinghua da ke Beijing, Liang da Lin sun fara aikin farfadowa a wuraren al'adun al'adu na kasar Sin a cikin Zamanin Jamhuriyar Republican na kasar Sin, sha'awar da za ta bi har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. Mai zane-zane na Amurka Maya Lin 'yar uwarta ce kuma mawaki na Amurka Tan Lin dan uwanta ne.
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A lokacin da take da shekaru 5, kakanta Lin Zemin ne ya koya mata; a lokacin da take 8, ta koma Shanghai kuma ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Hongkou Patriotic .
A shekara ta uku ta Jamhuriyar Sin (1914), Lin Huiyin ta zo Beijing tare da kakanta kuma ta zauna tare da mahaifinta a Qianwanggongchang .
Ilimi na sakandare
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1916, ta halarci Makarantar 'yan mata ta Peking Pei Hua, wacce Cocin Burtaniya ke gudanarwa.[4]
A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1920, ta yi tafiya zuwa Turai tare da mahaifinta, kuma wata mace mai gine-gine, wacce ta kasance mai gidan ta a Landan, ta rinjayi ta don ci gaba da karatun gine-gine. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma sadu da almajirin mahaifinta Xu Zhimo kuma ta ci gaba da sha'awar waka ta zamani.[5]
Bayan fiye da wata daya na tafiya a Turai, Lin Huiyin da mahaifinsa sun zo London, Ingila. Don kada ya jinkirta karatun 'yarsa, Lin Changmin ya aika Lin Huiyin zuwa makarantar 'yan mata ta St Mary a London kuma ya hayar mata mai koyar da Ingilishi. A lokacin da ta fi shekara guda a Ingila, Lin Huiyin ta karanta yawancin wallafe-wallafen Yamma kuma ta saba da salon rayuwar Yamma kamar shayi na rana.[6]
A shekara ta 1921, ta koma Beijing, China, tare da mahaifinta kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta a makarantar 'yan mata ta Pei Hua . [6]
A cikin 1923, Xu Zhimo, Hu Shi, da sauransu sun kafa Crescent Moon Society a Beijing, inda Lin Huiyin sau da yawa ke shiga cikin ayyukan wallafe-wallafen da fasaha.[7]
Matsayi da aka bayar bayan mutuwarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1927, kodayake Lin ta kammala bukatun digiri na farko na gine-gine a karkashin manufofin nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi na jami'ar, an hana ta digiri saboda jinsi kuma a maimakon haka an ba ta digiri na farko a fannin Fine Arts.[8] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2023, Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta yanke shawarar gyara wannan aikin nuna bambancin jinsi na ƙarni da aka yi mata.[9][10] A cikin 2024, jami'ar ta yanke shawarar ba Lin digiri na farko na gine-gine.[11] A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2024, jikan Lin Yu Kui ya halarci makarantar Design a madadin Lin kuma ya tattara difloma na digiri na Lin daga shugaban makarantar Frederick Steiner . [12] An ba da difloma na digiri na farko na gine-gine a watan Fabrairun 1927, watan da Lin ya kammala karatu daga jami'ar. [1][12] Takardar shaidar ta kuma lura cewa "An ba da wannan digiri a fannin ilimi don maido da Lin Huiyin zuwa aji na 1927" (duk an buga shi) a kasan takarda.[13] Sunan Lin (kazalika da madadin sunanta da aka yi amfani da shi yayin da yake Amurka) bai bayyana a cikin shirin farawa na 2024 da Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta buga ba.[14]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farkon aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1925, an nuna hoton Lin Huiyin a shafi na gaba na fitowar 268 na The Eastern Times Photo Supplement, wani kari na daukar hoto na jarida na Shanghai.[15][16]
A cikin 1928, Lin Huiyin ya yarda da tayin aure daga Liang Sicheng . Bayan aurensu, sun yi tafiya zuwa Turai don nazarin gine-ginen Turai.[17]
A watan Agustan 1928, ma'auratan sun koma kasar Sin tare kuma Sashen Gine-gine a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas da ke Shenyang ya yi aiki.[18] Kafin ta hau matsayinta, Lin Huiyin ta koma Fuzhou don ziyartar danginta kuma Fuzhou Normal School da Yinghua Middle School sun gayyace ta don ba da laccoci kan "Architecture da Literature" da "Garden Architecture Art".[19] Ta kuma tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fuzhou East Street (东街文艺剧场; a yau da aka sani da Fuzhou All-Spring Garden, 福州聚春园) ga kawunta Lin Tianmin (林天民). [20] A shekara mai zuwa, ta koyar da darussan "Tarihin Fasahar Fasaha" (美术装饰史) da "Ingilishi na Kwararru" (專業 Turanci) a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas; mijinta Liang Sicheng ya koyar da darasi na "Gabatarwa ga Nazarin Gine-gine" (建筑学概论). [21]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 "宾夕法尼亚大学将向林徽因颁发迟到的建筑学学士学位，曾因性别未授予". Tencent News (in Harshen Sinanci). 2023-10-17. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- 1 2 "清华大学建筑学院的创办者——梁思成与林徽因-清华校友总会" [The founders of Tsinghua University School of Architecture—Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin]. Tsinghua University Alumni Association. 2007-11-01. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
- ↑ "Lin Huiyin". Architectuul. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
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- 1 2 "品读 | 王雪：少女林徽因的早年教育——林徽因与表姐妹们的合影". www.sohu.com. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "美国宾大正式为林徽因追授建筑学学位-清华校友总会". Tsinghua University Alumni Association. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Lin Huiyin". Architectuul. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- 1 2 "宾夕法尼亚大学将向林徽因颁发迟到的建筑学学士学位，曾因性别未授予". The Paper. 2024-05-19. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Lin Huiyin". Architectuul. Archived from the original on 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)