Littafin Encyclopædia na Yara

Goblins a cikin Ma'adinan Zinare

Littafin The Children's Encyclopaedia wani littafi ne da Arthur Mee ya ƙirƙira, kuma Kamfanin Littattafai na Ilimi, wani reshe na Northcliffe 's Amalgamated Press, London, ya buga. An buga shi daga 1908 zuwa 1964. Kamfanin Walter M. Jackson Grolier ya sami haƙƙin buga shi a Amurka a ƙarƙashin sunan The Book of Knowledge (1910).

Abubuwan da ke ciki

An fara buga littafin ƙamus a sassa biyu na mako biyu tsakanin Maris 1908 da Fabrairu 1910. Wasu masu karatu za su iya ɗaure tarin littattafansu, amma an buga farkon jerin littattafai takwas a 1910. Kowane sashe ya ƙunshi labarai iri-iri, yana haɓaka batutuwa yayin da yake ci gaba. Ana iya amfani da aikin a matsayin ɗakin karatu na yau da kullun, saboda kundin ƙarshe yana da ma'aunin haruffa, ko kuma kowane sashe ana iya karanta shi daga farko zuwa ƙarshe. Da farko an tsara shi zuwa sassa amma akwai canje-canje a cikin bugu na gaba. Wasu taken sun shafi fannoni na kimiyya kamar ilimin ƙasa, ilmin halitta da ilmin taurari amma galibi ana guje wa irin waɗannan kalmomin kimiyya.

• Abubuwan da aka sani, ta "marubuta da yawa"
• Abin Mamaki, ta Mutumin Mai Hikima
• Nature, na Ernest Bryant da Edward Step
• Rayuwar Yaro, ta Dr. Caleb Saleeby
• Duniya, na Dr. Caleb Saleeby
• Duk Kasashe, ta Frances Epps
• Rayuwa Mai Kyau, ta "marubuta da yawa"
• Ayyukan Zinare, na "marubuta da yawa"
• Labarun Littafi Mai Tsarki, na Harold Begbie
• Littattafai Masu Shahara, na John Hammerton
• Labarun, na Edward Wright
• Waƙa, na John Hammerton
• "Darussan Makaranta", wanda marubuta da dama suka rubuta, ciki har da Lois Mee, 'yar'uwar Arthur
• Abubuwan da Za a Yi da Abubuwan da Za a Yi, ta "marubuta da yawa"

Mee ya rubuta gabatarwa mai suna "Gaisuwa" da "bankwana". Ya nuna sha'awarsa sosai ga "Littafin Al'ajabi", inda Mai Hikima ya amsa tambayoyin da yara suka yi masa.

Yawancin zane-zanen ba a san ko su waye ba amma wasu masu zane-zane sun haɗa da Susan Beatrice Pearse, CE Brock, Thomas Maybank, George F. Morrell, Dudley Heath, Charles Folkard, HR Millar, Alexander Francis Lydon, Arthur A. Dixon da Arthur Rackham . Littattafan sun yi amfani da hotunan Frank Hinkins, zane-zane, taswira da zane-zane.

Littafin ƙamus ya yi fice a fannin tsarin ilimi, yana mai nufin sanya koyo ya zama mai ban sha'awa da daɗi. An rubuta labaransa a sarari kuma an yi su ne don haɓaka hali da kuma jin nauyin da ke kansu.

Labaran sun nuna alfahari ga Birtaniya da daularta . An yi imanin cewa Kiristanci shine kawai addini na gaskiya. Turawa a bayyane yake cewa su ne suka fi ci gaba kuma akwai alamun ra'ayoyin al'ajabi na Caleb Saleeby. An gabatar da wannan ta hanyar matsakaici da sassaucin ra'ayi a fannoni da yawa: wasu "kabilu", kodayake ba su da kyau a bisa ga rubutun, za a girmama su, kuma mulkin mallaka ya halatta ne kawai idan ya inganta rayuwar mutanen da ke cikinsa. A lokacin da dangantaka tsakanin kimiyya da addini ta kasance mai jayayya, kundin tsarin mulki ya goyi bayan juyin halitta kuma bai ga wata sabani tsakanin koyarwar addini da ra'ayoyin Darwin ba.

Rarrabawa

An sayar da shi sosai. Makarantu da kuma horar da malamai ne suka yi amfani da shi. Yana ba da haske game da dabi'un zamantakewa na al'ummar da ta ƙirƙira shi. Yayin da farkon aikin ya ƙare, aka sake fitar da shi a matsayin New Children's Encyclopædia na wata-wata. Sunan ya canza, ya zama Mujallar Children's Encyclopædia, Mujallar Yara, kuma a ƙarshe, Mujallar My a 1914. Daga Satumba 1910, mujallar ta haɗa da ƙarin labarai mai suna The Little Paper, wanda ya fara wallafa Jaridar Yara ta Arthur Mee, wanda aka ƙaddamar a 1919.

Bugu-da-wane

Littafin Encyclopædia na Yara ya sayar da kwafi 800,000 a cikin bugu 12 kafin a yi masa kwaskwarima sosai a farkon shekarun 1920. Sabon littafin mai sassa 59, mai shafuka 7,412, mai mujalla 10 ya fara fitowa a watan Oktoba na 1922 a matsayin Littafin Encyclopedia na Yara, an cire digraph ɗin, kuma an buga shi sau 14 a shekarar 1946 a ƙarƙashin hoton The Educational Book Co. Fassarar ta bayyana a Faransa, Italiya, Spain, Brazil da China .

Sabbin bugun encyclopaedia sun ci gaba bayan mutuwar Mee a shekarar 1943; bugu na ƙarshe, wanda aka yi wa kwaskwarima sosai, wanda har yanzu ake kira Arthur Mee's Children's Encyclopedia, ya fito a shekarar 1964.

Duk da cewa kundin adireshi bai ƙunshi wani haƙƙin mallaka ko ranar bugawa ba, akwai alamun da ke cikin taken da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma launi da ƙira a kan murfin game da kimanin shekarun cikakken tarin. Fitowar farko ta The Children's Encyclopædia ta ƙunshi rubutun "Encyclopædia" kuma da farko tarin littattafai takwas ne, an ɗaure su da launin ruwan kasa. Duk sauran gyare-gyaren sun yi amfani da rubutun "Encyclopedia" kuma tarin littattafai goma ne. Sigar 1920 tana da rubutun shuɗi. A shekarun 1940, rubutun ya yi launin ruwan kasa, kuma yana nuna tocila mai walƙiya a kan kashin kowane littafi. A shekarun 1950, rubutun ya yi ja. Akwai kuma aƙalla sigar kore ɗaya da aka ɗaure wacce ta samo asali daga shekarun 1920. Bugu ɗaya da aka yi da jan layi da zane-zanen zane a kan kashin baya ya fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1930.

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Laburare na Majalisa ya ba da rahoton bugu na 1925 kawai a cikin juzu'i 10 da kuma wani bugu a 1953, kodayake an rubuta bugu na 1960 a ƙarƙashin alamar Kamfanin Littattafai na Waverley a matsayin bugu na 28. A bayyane yake an kuma buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunayen Harmsworth's Children's Encyclopedia da Mee's Children's Encyclopedia .

Ƙungiyar Grolier ce ta sayi wannan kayan a shekarar 1963, lokacin da aka sanar da cewa za a daina amfani da littafin a shekarar 1970.

Zanga-zangar Kashmir

A watan Mayu na shekarar 1973, an yi tarzoma a Jammu da Kashmir, Indiya, a wani yanki da Jamaat-e-Islami ke samun rinjaye, wanda ya samo asali ne sakamakon gano cewa wani zane da ke cikin Littafin Ilimi, wanda aka adana a wani ɗakin karatu na gida tsawon shekaru da dama, ya nuna Mala'ika Jibrilu yana umurtan Muhammadu da sassan Alqur'ani . Musulmai da suka fusata da hoton Muhammadu da aka nuna sun haifar da tarzoma wadda ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da dari. An haramta sayar da kundin adireshi, kodayake a lokacin an riga an daina bugawa.