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Littafin Tawhidi: Hakkin Allah akan Bayinsa

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Littafin Tawheedin, hakkin Allah akan bayinsa
Mawallafin Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Taken asali  كتاب التوحيد الذي هو حق الله على العبيد
Masu fassara
  • Turanci: Sameh Strauch [1]
  • Turanci: Dar us-Salam Littattafai [2]
  • Bengali: Ahmed Hassan [3]
  • Rasha: Ba a sani ba a halin yanzu [4]
  • Filipino: Abdullah Omar Naseef [5]
Harshe Larabci
Batun Addinin Musulunci akan kadaita Allah (Tawhid)
An buga shi 1703- 1791
Mai bugawa Dar-us Salam Publications (Turanci da Larabci)
Wurin bugawa Masarautar Diriyah (Saudi Arabia ta wannan zamani)
ISBN 978-6038412435
Rubutun asali
 كتاب التوحيد الذي هو حق الله على العبيد a Larabcin WikisourceWikisource

Kitab at-Tawheed (Arabic كتاب التوحيد) (Littafin kadaita Allah) littafi ne na Sunni game da kadaita Allah, na Islama (Tawhid) a mazhabar ta Athari . Littafin shine tushen farko na koyarwar Wahhabi game da kadaita Allah. Malami a mazhabar Hanbali Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab ne ya rubuta littafin.

Tarihi

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Bayan karatu da karamin shekaru a Madina, Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab ya yi tafiya zuwa wajen Yankin Larabawa, ya fara zuwa Basra [6][7] wanda har yanzu cibiyar al'adun Islama ce.[8] A lokacin da ya zauna a Basra, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab ya yi karatun Hadith da Fiqhu a ƙarƙashin malamin addinin Islama Muhammad al-Majmu'i . A Basra, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab ya hadu da yan Shi'a kuma yakan rubuta rubuce-rubuce da ya ke musanta koyarwar tauhidin su. Har ila yau, rubuce-rubucen malamain tauhidin mazhabar Hanbali Ibn Rajab (d. 1393 AZ / 795 AH) kamar "Kalimat al-Ikhlas" sun yi tasiri game da rubuta littafin Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab "Kitab al-Tawhid".[9][10]

An haramta rubutun a Rasha a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2007 saboda gwamnatin Rasha ta lakafta shi da "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi", tare da wasu littattafai da yawa na malaman musulman musuluci, kamar Risala-i Nur Collection wanda Said Nursî ya rubuta. Nafigullah Ashirov, shugaban 'Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia', ya yi Allah wadai da haramcin kuma ya soki gwamnatin Rasha game da hura wutan kiyayya ga wallafe-wallafen musulunci.[11]

Takaitaccen Bayani

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Asalin asali na Kitab al-Tawhid (Littafin kadaita Allah) wanda Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab ya rubuta a wajen nunawa, 2018 a Gidan Tarihi na Saudi Arabia, Riyadh

Littafin yana mai da hankali kan kadaita Allah kuma Ya kamata a bauta wa Allah kaɗai ba tare da wani matsakaici ba (wanda ake cewa kadaita Allah). [12] Har ila yau, littafin ya yi hani game da bautar Allah fiye da ɗaya (wanda ake nufi da samar wa Allah kishiya ko shirka) kuma ya ƙaryata kirkire-kirkire a cikin Islama ta hanyar bin Alkur'ani da hadith sosai.[13] Littafin kuma yayi ƙoƙarin nuna haɗarin shirka ga mai karatu da kuma azabar da aka tanadarwa mai shirka a cikin Islama. Littafin ya kuma yi Allah wadai da amfani da sihiri ko duba (dukansu ana kiransu sihri ko shirka) a kowane nau'i kamar layu da falaki.[14]

Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ya nemi farfadowa da tsarkakakken addinin Musulunci daga abin da ya fahimta a matsayin ayyukan addini da ba na Musulunci ba ta hanyar komawa ga abin da, ya yi imanin, sune ka'idodin addinin Musulmi. Ayyukansa gabaɗaya gajere ne, cike da ƙa'idodi daga Alkur'ani da Hadisi, kamar babban litattafan tauhidinsa, Kitāb at-Tawḥīd (Arabic: كتاب التوحيد; "Littafin kadaita Allah").[8][15][16][17] Ya koyar da cewa koyarwar farko ta Islama ita ce kadaita Allah (Tawhid),[18][19] kuma ya yi tir da waɗancan koyarwa da ayukan ayyukan addini da suka yadu tsakanin mutanen Najd. Biye da koyarwar Ibn Taymiyya game da Tawhidi, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab ya yi imanin cewa yawancin mutanen Najd sun koma addinin gargajiya mai kama da lokacin Jahiliyya (kafin zamanin Islama) kuma ya yi tir da yawancin abubuwan addinin su a matsayin samar wa Allah kishiya (shirka).[20][21] Ya alakanta irin waɗannan ayyukan da al'adun Taqlid (kwaikwayon al'adun da aka kafa) waɗanda arnan-jahiliyya suke alfahari da shi.[22] Bisa ga koyarwar kadaita Allah wanda aka nuna a chikin 'litaffin kadaiata Allah' yawanci mabiya Ibn 'Abd al-Wahab suna kiran kansu da Masu kadaita Allah "Al-Muwahhiduun".[23][24]


"Tsarin" koyarwar Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ana samunsa a cikin Kitāb at-Tawḥīd, littafi na tauhidi wanda ya samo asali daga abubuwan da ke cikin Alkur'ani da rubuce rubuce kan ayyuka da kuma maganganun annabin Musulunci Muhammadu a cikin wallafe-wallafen Hadisi.[25] Yana wa'azi cewa bauta a cikin Islama ta haɗa da ayyukan ibada na yau da kullum kamar Salloli biyar a rana, na yau da kullun (Salat); azumi (Sawm); addu'a (Dua); neman kariya ko mafaka (Istia'dha); neman taimako (Ist'ana da Istigatha) na Allah kadai.[26]

A cewar Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Dore Gold,[27] Muhammadu ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ya gabatar da karfafar adawa ga addinin Kirista da kuma adawa da addinin Yahudawa a cikin babban littafinsa na tauhidi Kitāb at-Tawḥīd, [27] yana kwatanta mabiyan addinin Kirista da na Yahudawa a matsayin Masu sihiri [27] waɗanda suka yi imani da bautar shaidan, kuma ta hanyar ambaton hadisi da aka danganta ga annabin Musulunci Muhammad,[Note 1] ya bayyana cewa hukuncin kisa ga mai sihiri shine "cewa a buge wuyar shi da takobi".[27][28] Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ya tabbatar da cewa addinan Kirista da na Yahudawa sun sanya kaburbura na annabin su wuraren ibada kuma ya gargadi Musulmai kada su yi koyi da wannan aikin.[27][29] Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ya kammala cewa "Hanyar Ahlul kitabi an hukunta su a matsayin hanyar masu samawa Allah kishiya".[27][30]

Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab ya yi imanin cewa ziyartar kabarin Muhammadu aiki ne mai kyau, yana ishara da yin haka a matsayin "daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka" yayin da yake jan hankali da hani akan wuce gona da iri.[31][32]

Dubi kuma

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Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ Abdul-Wahhab, محمد بن عبد الوهاب Muhammad bin (2010-01-01). Kitab At Tawheed - Explained By Muhammad Ibn ' Abdul - Wahhab (in English). Translated by Strauch, Sameh. International Islamic Publishing House. ISBN 978-603-501-078-8.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ↑ Kitab at-Tawheed Archived 2024-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 17 May 2024
  3. ↑ Kitab at-Tawheed (bn) Retrieved 18 May 2024
  4. ↑ Kitab at-Tawheeed (ru) Retrieved 23 June 2024
  5. ↑ Kitab at-Tawheeed (ph) Archived 2024-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 September 2024
  6. ↑ ibn Ghannam: 75–76.
  7. ↑ ibn Bishr: 7–8.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Laoust, H. (2012) [1993]. "Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. J.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. 11. Leiden: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3033. ISBN 978-9004161214.
  9. ↑ J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 0195169913. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab set out for Basra (located in modern Iraq), where he pursued additional studies in hadith and fiqh with an important scholar and madrasa (Islamic school) teacher, Muhammad al-Majmu'i... It is believed that Ibn Abd al-Wahhab came into contact with Shiis during this stay in Basra,... he specifically targeted only one particular extremist sect, the Rafidah, in only one treatise.
  10. ↑ Bradford, Joe (2022). "IbnʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad". In L. Esposito, John (ed.). Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: Digital Collection. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780197669419.001.0001. ISBN 9780197669419.
  11. ↑ ""Книга единобожия" входит в список запрещенной литературы" [Kitab at-Tawheed included in list of banned literature]. islamnews.ru (in Russian). 16 July 2004. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2024.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ↑ "Ilorin Journal of Arts and Social Sciences: IJASS : A Publication of the School of Arts and Social Sciences, Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin". Ilorin Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (in Turanci). Nathadex Publishers: 264. 2002. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  13. ↑ Farooq, Mohammad Omar (2023). Bangali: Ayin, Ayinsarboshota Abong Sangskar (Toward Our Reformation: From Legalism to Value-Oriented Islamic Law and Jurisprudence) (in Bengali). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 244. ISBN 979-8-89193-131-2. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  14. ↑ Abukhalil, As'Ad (2011). The Battle for Saudi Arabia: Royalty, Fundamentalism, and Global Power (in Turanci). Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-173-1. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
  15. ↑ Haykel 2013, pp. 231–32.
  16. ↑ Khatab 2011, pp. 65–67.
  17. ↑ Saeed 2013, pp. 29–30.
  18. ↑ Esposito 2003, p. 333
  19. ↑ "Allah". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
  20. ↑ Saeed 2013, p. 29.
  21. ↑ Weismann, Itzchak (2001). "7: Local Renaissance under the Centralizing Regimes (1883-1918)". Taste of Modernity: Sufism, Salafiyya, and Arabism in Late Ottoman Damascus. Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 268. ISBN 90-04-11908-6.
  22. ↑ Riexinger, Martin (2022). "2: Model, Not Idol The Recasting of the Image of Muḥammad in Mukhtaṣar sīrat al-rasūl by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792)". In Chih, Rachida; Jordan, David; Reichmuth, Stefan (eds.). The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam. 2. Heirs of the Prophet: Authority and Power. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 55. ISBN 978-90-04-46674-6.
  23. ↑ Martin, Richard C. (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 727. ISBN 0-02-865603-2.
  24. ↑ Martin, Richard C. (2016). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. p. 1236. ISBN 978-0-02-866269-5.
  25. ↑ Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I.B. Tauris. p. 12. This brief essay is of tremendous significance for the Wahhabi mission and the subject of enduring controversy between supporters and detractors. It represents the core of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's teaching and the foundation of the Wahhabi canon.
  26. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Kitab al-Tawhid
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 Gold, Dore (2003). Hatred's Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 0895261359.
  28. ↑ Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Kitab al-Tawhid (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996) Chapter 24, particularly p. 97.
  29. ↑ Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Kitab al-Tawhid (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, p. 83)
  30. ↑ Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Kitab al-Tawhid (Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996, Chapter 9, p. 51)
  31. ↑ J. Delong-Bas, Natana (2004). "The Theology and Worldview of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab". Wahhabi Islam:From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 0195169913. Consequently, 'Abd al-Wahhab noted that although visiting Muhammad's grave was a worthy act it must not be done in a spirit or intent that compromises monotheism. Finally, prayer should never be conducted in a cemetery
  32. ↑ ibn Abdul Wahhab, Muhammad. "Chapter 22 The protectiveness of Al-Mustafa (May Allah be pleased with him) of Tawhid and his blockading every path leading to Shirk". Kitab At-Tauhid (PDF). Dar us Salam Publications. 4) The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) forbade visiting his grave in a certain manner, though visiting his grave is among the best of deeds. 5) The Prophet (May the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) forbade us making excessive visits to his grave

Bayani

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  1. ↑ The attribution of this hadith is disputed; according to other sources it should be attributed to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

Haɗin waje

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