Liz Truss

Mary Elizabeth Truss (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1975) 'yar siyasar Burtaniya ce wacce ta kasance Firayim Minista na Burtaniya kuma Shugabar Jam'iyyar Conservative daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba 2022. A rana ta hamsin a ofis, ta sauka a cikin rikicin gwamnati, wanda ya sa ta zama Firayim Minista mafi gajeren lokaci a tarihin Burtaniya. Dan majalisa (MP) na Kudu maso Yammacin Norfolk daga 2010 zuwa 2024, Truss ya rike mukamai daban-daban na majalisar ministoci a karkashin Firayim Ministoci uku - David Cameron, Theresa Mayu da Boris Johnson - a ƙarshe a matsayin Sakataren kasashen waje daga 2021 zuwa 2022.

Truss ta yi karatun falsafar, siyasa da tattalin arziki a Kwalejin Merton, Oxford, kuma ta kasance shugaban Jami'ar Oxford Liberal Democrats . A shekara ta 1996, ta shiga Jam'iyyar Conservative Party . Ta yi aiki a Royal Dutch Shell da Cable & Wireless kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar darakta na Reform tank. baya yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba sau biyu don a zabe ta a majalisar dokokin Commons, ta zama 'yar majalisa ta Kudu maso Yammacin Norfolk a Babban zaben 2010. A matsayinta na mai ba da shawara, ta yi kira ga sake fasalin a fannoni da Gyara na manufofi ciki har da tattalin arziki, kula da yara da lissafi a ilimi. Truss ya kafa kungiyar 'yan majalisa ta 'yan majalisun Conservative kuma ya rubuta ko ya rubuta takardu da littattafai da yawa, gami da Bayan hadin gwiwa da Britaniya Unchained .

Truss ta kasance Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Kula da Yara da Ilimi daga 2012 zuwa 2014 kafin Cameron ta nada ta Sakataren Harkokin Muhalli, Abinci da Harkokin Karkara a cikin sake fasalin majalisa. Kodayake ta yi kamfen don Burtaniya ta kasance a cikin Tarayyar Turai, Truss ta goyi bayan Brexit bayan sakamakon Zaben raba gardama na 2016. Bayan murabus din Cameron a shekarar 2016 magajinsa, Theresa May, ya nada ta Sakataren Harkokin Shari'a da Lord Chancellor, wanda ya sa Truss ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin Lord Chancellora a tarihin shekaru dubu na ofishin; bayan Babban zaben 2017 an sauke ta zuwa Babban Sakataren Baitulmalin. Bayan Mayu ta sanar da murabus dinta a watan Mayu 2019 Truss ta goyi bayan nasarar da Johnson ya samu na zama shugaban Conservative da Firayim Minista. Ya nada Truss Sakataren Gwamnati na Kasuwanci na Duniya da Shugaban Hukumar Ciniki a watan Yuli sannan kuma zuwa ƙarin rawar Ministan Mata da Daidaitawa a watan Satumba. Johnson ta inganta Truss zuwa sakataren kasashen waje a cikin sake fasalin majalisa na 2021, a lokacin da take cikin mukamin ta jagoranci tattaunawa kan Yarjejeniyar Arewacin Ireland da kuma martani na Burtaniya ga mamayar Rasha a Ukraine.

A watan Satumbar 2022 Truss ya kayar da Rishi Sunak a zaben shugabanci don ya gaji Johnson, wanda ya yi murabus saboda rikicin gwamnati da ya gabata, kuma Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta nada shi Firayim Minista kwana biyu kafin Mutuwar sarki; daga baya aka dakatar da kasuwancin gwamnati a Lokacin makoki na kasa na kwanaki goma. Dangane da hauhawar farashin rayuwa da karuwar farashin makamashi, Ma'aikatar Truss ta sanar da Tabbacin Farashin Makamashi. Gwamnati ta sanar da rage haraji da bashi, wanda ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi kuma an sauya su sosai. Da yake fuskantar zargi da rashin amincewa da shugabancinta, Truss ta sanar da murabus dinta a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Conservative a ranar 20 ga Oktoba. An zabi Sunak ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin magajinta, kuma an nada shi Firayim Minista a ranar 25 ga Oktoba. Bayan ta kwashe lokacin firaministan Sunak a kan kujerun baya, Truss ta rasa kujerarta a Babban zaben 2024.

Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi (1975-1996)

Kwalejin Merton, Oxford, inda Truss ya yi karatu (an nuna shi a 2023)

An Aiki Mary Elizabeth Truss a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1975 a Asibitin John Radcliffe da ke Oxford, Ingila. Ita ce ta biyu ta John da Priscilla Truss (née Grasby); shekara guda kafin haihuwar Truss, ɗansu na farko, Matthew, ya mutu. An san Truss da sunanta na tsakiya, Elizabeth, tun tana yarinya, tare da mahaifinta - farfesa a fannin lissafi mai tsabta a Jami'ar Leeds - ta yi amfani da shi a kai a kai, wanda ta fi so; [3] bayan an ba ta lambar da ke dauke da "Mary" a ranar farko ta makaranta, Truss ta tambayi malaminta cewa a canza shi. Daga baya ta bayyana siyasar iyayenta a matsayin "a gefen hagu na Labour"; mahaifiyarta, malama ce kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya, memba ce ta Kamfen don Kashe Makaman Nukiliya. [6] Lokacin da Truss ta tsaya takara a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, mahaifiyarta ta amince da yin kamfen tare da ita amma mahaifinta ya ki yin hakan. Iyayenta sun sake aure a shekara ta 2003. [8]   A shekara ta 1977 Truss da iyayenta suka koma Warsaw a Poland, amma suka koma Burtaniya bayan John da Priscilla sun same shi "mai banƙyama". Bayan ta zauna a takaice a Kidderminster, Worcestershire, iyalin suka koma Paisley a Scotland lokacin da Truss ke da shekaru hudu, inda ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Yamma.[11] A shekara ta 1985 sun koma kudu zuwa Leeds, inda Truss ta halarci Makarantar Roundhay; daga baya ta ce a shekara ta 2022 cewa a makarantar ta "ganin yara ... ana barin su", da'awar da wasu tsoffin ɗaliban Roundhay suka soki ba daidai ba.[12] Lokacin da Truss ke da shekaru 12 ita da iyalinta sun kwashe shekara guda a Burnaby, British Columbia, Kanada, inda ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Parkcrest yayin da mahaifinta ke koyarwa a Jami'ar Simon Fraser. Truss ta yaba da tsarin karatun Kanada da kuma halin da ake ciki cewa "yana da kyau sosai a kasance a saman aji", wanda ta bambanta da iliminta a Roundhay. 

Iyayen Truss da farko sun so ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge, amma Truss a maimakon haka ta zaba ta je Oxford a cikin abin da masu ba da labarinta, Cole da Heale, suka kira "bangaren tawaye na matasa". Ta nemi Kwalejin Merton amma a maimakon haka an haɗa ta zuwa Kwalejin St Hilda ta mata; cikin fushi, sai ta koka zuwa kwalejojin biyu, bayan haka Merton ya karɓa kuma ya fara karatunta a can a watan Satumbar 1993. Truss ya karanta falsafar, siyasa da tattalin arziki kuma ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1996. A lokacin da take jami'a, Truss ta kasance mai aiki a cikin Liberal Democrats kuma ta kasance memba na Oxford Reform Club. Ta zama shugabar Jami'ar Oxford Liberal Democrats a shekarar farko kuma memba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na Liberal Democrat Youth and Students (LDYS) a shekarar 1995. A lokacin Truss ta baya, wanda bai yi nasara ba, neman zartarwa na LDYS, shugaban jam'iyyar, Paddy Ashdown, ya ce ita "mai muhawara ce mai kyau kuma ba ta da tsoro". A matsayinsa na dan jam'iyyar Liberal Democrat, Truss ya goyi bayan kawar da mulkin mallaka da halatta wiwi, kuma ya yi yakin neman zabe a kan Dokar Shari'a da Dokar Jama'a ta 1994.[21] Koyaya, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1995 Truss ta zama mai sukar Liberal Democrats, yayin da ta "godiya cewa Jam'iyyar Tory tana faɗin abubuwa masu kyau"; a shekarunta na ƙarshe a jami'ar, ta yi murabus daga LDYS. A shekara ta 1996 Truss ya shiga Jam'iyyar Conservative.

Ayyuka

Ayyuka da takara (1996-2010)

Daga 1996 zuwa 2000, Truss ya yi aiki ga Royal Dutch Shell, Gyara zaune a Lewisham da Greenwich kuma ya cancanci zama mai ba da lissafin gudanarwa. A shekara ta 2000, Cable & Wireless ta yi mata aiki kuma ta tashi zuwa matsayin darektan tattalin arziki kafin ta bar a shekara ta 2005; daya daga cikin abokan aikinta a can, abokin aikin Labour George Robertson, ya ce Truss "tana da sha'awar siyasa ... tana da sabon tunani, mai himma kuma Jam'iyyar Tory tana buƙatar mutane kamar haka. [was] A watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, bayan da ta rasa zabukanta na farko da biyu, Truss ta zama mataimakiyar darakta na Reform, wani tanki na tsakiya na dama, inda ta ba da shawarar karin mayar da hankali kan yaki da aikata laifuka masu tsanani da tsari, mafi girman matsayi a makarantu da kuma aiki don magance "rugujewar gasa" ta Burtaniya.[29] Ta hada hannu da marubucin The Value of Mathematics, Fit for Purpose, A New Level, Back To Black da sauran rahotanni. 

Yayinda take aiki a Shell, Truss ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kungiyar Lewisham Deptford Conservative Association daga 1998 zuwa 2000, bayan da abokinta kuma daga baya dan majalisa mai ra'ayin Conservative Jackie Doyle-Price ya gabatar da ita a reshe. A wannan lokacin, a wani liyafa a Greenwich Conservative Association, Truss ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Hugh O'Leary, wanda ta auri a shekara ta 2000 kuma tare da ita tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu: Frances (an haife ta 2006) da Liberty (an haifi ta 2008). Truss bai yi nasara ba ya tsaya takara sau biyu a Greenwich London Borough Council: don yankin Vanbrugh a 1998 da Blackheath Westcombe a 2002. Mataimakin shugaban Greenwich Conservatives, Graeme Coombes, ya tuna a 2022 cewa Truss "ya ce [a 1998] tana fatan tsayawa a majalisar ... an ƙaddara ta don abubuwa mafi girma da mafi kyau". Koyaya, Alex Grant, dan takarar da ya ci Truss a shekara ta 2002, ya kira ta "ba a ganuwa sosai a lokacin yakin". A cikin zaben majalisa na shekara ta 2006, an zabi Truss a Eltham ta Kudu, amma ba ta nemi sake zaben majalisar a shekara ta 2010, ta tsaya a ranar da ta zama 'yar majalisa ba.