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Lokacin zafi na tsakiyar Piacenzian

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Lokacin zafi na tsakiyar Piacenzian
Bayanai
Zangon lokaci Pliocene (en) Fassara

Lokacin zafi na Mid-Piacenzian (mPWP) (kafin 2009 da aka sani da Lokacin zafi ), ko kuma mafi girman zafi na Pliacene, lokaci ne na yanayi mai dumi a lokacin zamanin Pliocene wanda ya kasance daga shekaru miliyan 3.3 zuwa 3.0 da suka gabata (Ma). [1]

Yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya a tsakiyar-Pliocene ya kasance 2-3 ° C mafi girma fiye da yau, [2] matakin teku na duniya mita 25 mafi girma, [3] kuma kankara na Arewacin Hemisphere ya kasance na ɗan lokaci kafin farawar babban glaciation a kan Greenland wanda ya faru a ƙarshen Pliocene a kusa da 3 Ma. [4] Yankin permafrost na kusa da ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa da na yanzu.[5] Ruwan sama na duniya ya karu da 0.09 mm / shekara bisa ga kwaikwayon CCSM4.[6] An raunana yaduwar Hadley ta Arewa ta shekara-shekara, amma an inganta yaduwar hadley ta Kudancin shekara-sheko.[7] Kamar yadda a lokacin Quaternary glaciation, zagaye na glacial-interglacial ya wanzu a lokacin mPWP kuma ba daidaituwa ba ne kuma yanayin yanayi.[8]

Ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin mPWP ya kasance mai yawa.[9] Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara (MAT) na gabashin Alaska ya kasance kusan 7-9 ° C sama da MAT na yanzu na -6.4 ° C.[10] Shaidar palynological daga Yermak Plateau a cikin Tekun Arctic ta nuna cewa al'ummar Tsuga-Thuja--Betula-Ilex masu zafi da zafi sun zama masu rinjaye a cikin Arctic a lokacin mPWP.[11] A lagerstatte na Camp del Ninots a arewa maso gabashin Spain, MAT na 14.3 ± 2.6 °C da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara (MAP) na 846.8 ± 165.4 mm sun mamaye.[12] Gabashin Asiya Winter Monsoon (EAWM) ya ƙarfafa a lokacin mPWP.[13] Tasirin Gabashin Asiya Summer Monsoon (EASM) bai kai har zuwa cikin Gabashin Asiya ba kamar yadda yake a yau, wanda ya haifar da yanayin da ya fi bushewa ya faru a cikin Loess Plateau na kasar Sin dangane da yau.[14] A cikin Nihewan Basin, yanayi mai ɗorewa da dumi ya fi yawa daga 3.58 Ma zuwa 3.31 Ma. Daga 3.31 Ma zuwa 3.10 Ma, zafi ya ci gaba amma tare da rashin daidaituwa mafi girma, tare da manyan abubuwan sanyi guda uku da ke faruwa a wannan lokacin. Bayan 3.10 Ma, yanayin yankin ya sanyaya sosai.[15] A cikin Qaidam Basin, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance kusan sau goma fiye da na yanzu, kuma ya bambanta a cikin zagaye na 20 kuma mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da canjin EASM don mayar da martani ga yanayin kankara na Antarctic da tilasta insolation.[16][17] Kuroshio Current Extension (KCE) ya koma arewa.[18] Kudancin Asiya Summer Monsoon (SASM) ya zama mai ƙarfi a matakin yanki da na meridional.[19] A kudancin Afirka, yankunan ruwan sama na rani da na hunturu sun sauya zuwa pole zuwa ~ 1 °, yayin da ruwan sama ya ragu da kusan 0.5 mm / rana.[20] Yankin tekun Ecuador ya zama mai bushe.[21] Yankin Afirka ta Kudu na subtropical ya mamaye fynbos da tsire-tsire na gandun daji.[22] 

An kiyasta yawan Carbon dioxide a lokacin Pliocene na Tsakiya a kusan 400 ppmv daga 13/12 rabo a cikin kwayoyin ruwa [23] da kuma yawan burbushin ganye, [24] kodayake an ba da ƙididdigar ƙasa tsakanin 330 da 394 ppm a duk lokacin mPWP da 391 ppm a cikin KM5c interglacial, a lokacin mafi zafi na mPWP.[25]

Tsakanin tsakiyar Pliocene da aka sake gina ƙasa da tsawo na kankara

Ana ɗaukar mPWP a matsayin mai yiwuwa na yanayin yanayi na gaba.[26][27][28] Ƙarfin hasken rana da ya kai duniya, yanayin duniya, da kuma yawan carbon dioxide sun yi kama da na yanzu. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin nau'o'in tsakiyar Pliocene suna nan, suna taimakawa wajen daidaitawa da wakilai yanayin yanayi. Misali na samfurin yanayi na tsakiyar-Pliocene yana samar da yanayi mai zafi a tsakiyar da kuma high latitudes, kamar yadda 10-20 ° C ya fi zafi fiye da yau sama da 70 ° N. Har ila yau, suna nuna ƙananan bambancin zafin jiki a cikin wurare masu zafi. Biomes na samfurin suna da daidaituwa tare da bayanan palaeobotanical na Pliocene wanda ke nuna canjin arewacin tundra da taiga da fadada savanna da gandun daji mai zafi a Afirka da Ostiraliya.[29] An nuna karuwar tsananin guguwa na wurare masu zafi a lokacin mPWP a matsayin shaida cewa karuwar irin wannan guguwa za ta faru yayin da ake ci gaba da dumamar yanayi.[30] 

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Pliocene
  • El Niño
  • Shekaru Miliyan Biyar na Canjin Yanayi

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (1 April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews (in Turanci). 215: 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503. Retrieved 13 September 2023 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  2. ↑ Robinson, M.; Dowsett, H. J.; Chandler, M. A. (2008). "Pliocene role in assessing future climate impacts" (PDF). Eos. 89 (49): 501–502. Bibcode:2008EOSTr..89..501R. doi:10.1029/2008EO490001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-22.
  3. ↑ Dwyer, G. S.; Chandler, M. A. (2009). "Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 367 (1886): 157–168. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..157D. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0222. PMID 18854304. S2CID 3199617. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-21. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  4. ↑ Bartoli, G.; et al. (2005). "Final closure of Panama and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 237 (1–2): 33–44. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.237...33B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.020.
  5. ↑ Guo, Donglin; Wang, Huijun; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Haywood, Alan M.; Pepin, Nick; Salzmann, Ulrich; Sun, Jianqi; Yan, Qing; Zhang, Zhongshi; Li, Xiangyu; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Feng, Ran; Lohmann, Gerrit; Stepanek, Christian; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako (28 August 2023). "Highly restricted near-surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (in Turanci). 120 (36). doi:10.1073/pnas.2301954120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 10483645 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37639595 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Rosenbloom, N. A.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Brady, E. C.; Lawrence, P. J. (26 April 2013). "Simulating the mid-Pliocene Warm Period with the CCSM4 model". Geoscientific Model Development (in Turanci). 6 (2): 549–561. Bibcode:2013GMD.....6..549R. doi:10.5194/gmd-6-549-2013. ISSN 1991-9603. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  7. ↑ Zhang, Ke; Sun, Yong; Zhang, Zhongshi; Stepanek, Christian; Feng, Ran; Hill, Daniel; Lohmann, Gerrit; Dolan, Aisling; Haywood, Alan; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Contoux, Camille; Chandan, Deepak; Ramstein, Gilles; Dowsett, Harry (10 February 2024). "Revisiting the physical processes controlling the tropical atmospheric circulation changes during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period". Quaternary International (in Turanci). 682: 46–59. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2024.01.001. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  8. ↑ Prescott, Caroline L.; Haywood, Alan M.; Dolan, Aisling M.; Hunter, Stephen J.; Pope, James O.; Pickering, Steven J. (15 August 2014). "Assessing orbitally-forced interglacial climate variability during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period". Earth and Planetary Science Letters (in Turanci). 400: 261–271. Bibcode:2014E&PSL.400..261P. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.030. Retrieved 26 April 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  9. ↑ Sun, Yong; Ding, Lin; Su, Baohuang; Dowsett, Harry; Wu, Haibin; Hu, Jun; Stepanek, Christian; Xiong, Zhongyu; Yuan, Xiayu; Ramstein, Gilles (22 June 2024). "Modeling the mid-piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2-ITPCAS)". Climate Dynamics (in Turanci). 62 (8): 7741–7761. doi:10.1007/s00382-024-07304-0. ISSN 0930-7575. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Springer Nature Link.
  10. ↑ Ager, Thomas A.; Matthews, John V.; Yeend, Warren (January 1994). "Pliocene terrace gravels of the ancestral Yukon River near Circle, Alaska: Palynology, paleobotany, paleoenvironmental reconstruction and regional correlation". Quaternary International (in Turanci). 22-23: 185–206. doi:10.1016/1040-6182(94)90012-4. Retrieved 23 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  11. ↑ Khan, Salman; Farooqui, Anjum; Shukla, Uma Kant; Grøsfjeld, Kari; Knies, Jochen; Prasad, Vandana (15 January 2022). "Late Pliocene continental climate and vegetation variability in the Arctic-Atlantic gateway region prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (in Turanci). 586: 110746. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110746. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  12. ↑ Martínez-Monzón, Almudena; Přikryl, Tomáš; Sánchez-Bandera, Christian; Bisbal-Chinesta, Josep F.; Agustí, Jordi; Vall-Llosera, Gerard Campeny; Gómez de Soler, Bruno; Blain, Hugues-Alexandre (29 June 2023). "Inferring eco-climate parameters for the Pliocene Climate Optimum using frog body size as a new proxy". Lethaia (in Turanci). 56 (2): 1–12. doi:10.18261/let.56.2.8. ISSN 0024-1164. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  13. ↑ Süfke, Finn; Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie; Wei, Kuo-Yen; Chuang, Chih-Kai; Gutjahr, Marcus; Pross, Jörg; Friedrich, Oliver (15 September 2022). "Intensification of Asian dust storms during the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (3.25–2.96 Ma) documented in a sediment core from the South China Sea". Quaternary Science Reviews (in Turanci). 292: 107669. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107669. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  14. ↑ Wang, Baiyu; Jia, Jia; Fan, Yijiao; Wang, Qiang; Chen, Qu (20 May 2024). "Weak East Asian summer monsoon during the high atmospheric CO2 middle Pliocene period: Evidenced by red clay record on the Chinese Loess Plateau". Quaternary International (in Turanci). 692: 21–27. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2024.03.007. Retrieved 23 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  15. ↑ Liu, Chaofei; Zhang, Zhen; Li, Yuecong; Wang, Yong; Dong, Jin; Chi, Zhenqing; Cao, Yihang; Zhang, Lei (1 September 2023). "Geochemical characterization evidence for the climate variability of the Mid-Pliocene warm period in the Nihewan Basin, North China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (in Turanci). 625: 111668. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111668. Retrieved 23 October 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  16. ↑ Schwarz, Florian; Salzmann, Ulrich; Koutsodendris, Andreas; Nie, Junsheng; Friedrich, Oliver; Ni, Jian; Garzione, Carmala; Fang, Xiaomin; Wu, Fuli; Woodward, John; Appel, Erwin; Pross, Jörg (January 2022). "Controls of precipitation and vegetation variability on the NE Tibetan Plateau during the late Pliocene warmth (~3.5–3.0 Ma)". Global and Planetary Change (in Turanci). 208: 103707. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103707. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  17. ↑ Luo, Zeng; Wang, Hansheng; Heermance, Richard V.; Nie, Junsheng; Yang, Jing; Yu, Xiaoli; Wang, Zhao; Zhang, Rui; Su, Qingda (15 August 2024). "June insolation gradient and ice sheet forcing on Qaidam precipitation during the middle Piacenzian warm period". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (in Turanci). 648: 112277. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112277. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  18. ↑ Lam, Adriane R.; Leckie, R. Mark (2020). "Late Neogene and Quaternary diversity and taxonomy of subtropical to temperate planktic foraminifera across the Kuroshio Current Extension, northwest Pacific Ocean". Micropaleontology. 66 (3): 177–268. doi:10.47894/mpal.66.3.01. ISSN 0026-2803. JSTOR 27143634. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  19. ↑ Han, Zixuan; Li, Gen (24 March 2024). "The changes in south Asian summer monsoon circulation during the mid-Piacenzian warm period". Climate Dynamics (in Turanci). 62: 5845–5862. doi:10.1007/s00382-024-07179-1. ISSN 0930-7575. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Springer Nature Link.
  20. ↑ Roffe, Sarah J.; Engelbrecht, Francois A.; Bamford, Marion K. (15 October 2024). "Southern African precipitation changes in a warmer world: insights from the PlioMIP2 mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~3.3–3.0 Ma) ensemble". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa (in Turanci): 1–21. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2024.2410945. ISSN 0035-919X. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Taylor and Francis Online.
  21. ↑ Grimmer, Friederike; Dupont, Lydie M.; Jung, Gerlinde; Wefer, Gerold (16 October 2020). "Piacenzian Environmental Change and the Onset of Cool and Dry Conditions in Tropical South America". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (in Turanci). 35 (11). doi:10.1029/2020PA004060. ISSN 2572-4517. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  22. ↑ Zhao, Xueqin; Koutsodendris, Andreas; Caley, Thibaut; Dupont, Lydie (1 December 2020). "Hydroclimate change in subtropical South Africa during the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period". Quaternary Science Reviews (in Turanci). 249: 106643. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106643. Retrieved 18 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  23. ↑ Raymo, M. E.; Grant, B.; Horowitz, M.; Rau, G. H. (1996). "Mid-Pliocene warmth: Stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor". Marine Micropaleontology. 27 (1–4): 313–326. Bibcode:1996MarMP..27..313R. doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00048-8.
  24. ↑ Kurschner, W. M.; van der Burgh, J.; Visscher, H.; Dilcher, D. L. (1996). "Oak leaves as biosensors of late Neogene and early Pleistocene paleoatmospheric CO2 concentration". Marine Micropaleontology. 27 (1–4): 299–312. Bibcode:1996MarMP..27..299K. doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00067-4.
  25. ↑ De la Vega, Elwyn; Chalk, Thomas B.; Wilson, Paul A.; Bysani, Ratna Priya; Foster, Gavin L. (9 July 2020). "Atmospheric CO2 during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period and the M2 glaciation". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 11002. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1011002D. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67154-8. PMC 7347535. PMID 32647351.
  26. ↑ Burke, K. D.; Williams, J. W.; Chandler, M. A.; Haywood, A. M.; Lunt, D. J.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (26 December 2018). "Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for near-future climates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (in Turanci). 115 (52): 13288–13293. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11513288B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1809600115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6310841. PMID 30530685.
  27. ↑ Haywood, Alan M.; Dowsett, Harry J.; Dolan, Aisling M. (16 February 2016). "Integrating geological archives and climate models for the mid-Pliocene warm period". Nature Communications (in Turanci). 7 (1): 10646. Bibcode:2016NatCo...710646H. doi:10.1038/ncomms10646. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4757764. PMID 26879640.
  28. ↑ Blasco, Javier; Tabone, Ilaria; Moreno-Parada, Daniel; Robinson, Alexander; Alvarez-Solas, Jorge; Pattyn, Frank; Montoya, Marisa (6 September 2024). "Antarctic tipping points triggered by the mid-Pliocene warm climate". Climate of the Past (in Turanci). 20 (9): 1919–1938. doi:10.5194/cp-20-1919-2024. ISSN 1814-9332. Retrieved 18 November 2024. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  29. ↑ Salzmann, U.; Haywood, A. M.; Lunt, D. J. (2009). "The past is a guide to the future? Comparing Middle Pliocene vegetation with predicted biome distributions for the twenty-first century". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 367 (1886): 189–204. Bibcode:2009RSPTA.367..189S. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0200. PMID 18854302. S2CID 20422374.
  30. ↑ Yan, Qing; Wei, Ting; Korty, Robert L.; Kossin, James P.; Zhang, Zhongshi; Wang, Huijun (15 November 2016). "Enhanced intensity of global tropical cyclones during the mid-Pliocene warm period". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (in Turanci). 113 (46): 12963–12967. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11312963Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608950113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5135347. PMID 27799528.
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