Lotta Svärd
 Lotta Svärd | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
voluntary defence (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Finland |
| Mulki | |
| Tsari a hukumance |
registered association (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 9 Satumba 1920 |
| Ta biyo baya |
Lotta Svärd Foundation (en) |
| Dissolved | 23 Nuwamba, 1944 |
Lotta Svärd ( ) ƙungiya ce ta agajin agaji ta mata ta ƙasar Finland da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar mata. Ana kiran matan da suna lotat ( sg. lotta, lit. ' ) a cikin yaren Finnish. [1] An kafa ta ne a farkon shekarar 1918, tana da babban memba wanda ke gudanar da ayyukan zamantakewa na sa kai a shekarun 1920 da 1930. An kafa ta ne don tallafawa White Guard . [2] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ta yi aiki don maye gurbin mazan da aka tilasta musu shiga soja. Ta yi aiki a asibitoci, a wuraren gargaɗin jiragen sama, da sauran ayyuka na taimako tare da haɗin gwiwa da sojoji. Matan ba su da makamai a hukumance sai dai batir na hana jiragen sama a shekarar 1944. Virtanen ya yi jayayya cewa, "haƙƙinsu ga ƙasa ya ɗauki siffar maza da soja a bainar jama'a, amma yana da ɓangaren sirri, na mata a ciki, gami da siffofi kamar kulawa, taimako da ƙauna." Gwamnati ta wargaza ƙungiyar bayan yaƙin.
Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan ya fito ne daga wani waƙa ta Johan Ludvig Runeberg . Wani ɓangare na wani babban littafi mai suna The Tales of Ensign Stål, waƙar ta bayyana wata mace mai almara mai suna Lotta Svärd . A cewar waƙar, wani soja ɗan ƙasar Finland, mai zaman kansa Svärd – Yaren Swedish yana nufin takobi - ya tafi yaƙi a Yaƙin Finland kuma ya ɗauki matarsa, Lotta, tare da shi. An kashe Private Svärd a yaƙi, amma matarsa ta ci gaba da zama a fagen fama, tana kula da sojojin da suka ji rauni. Marshal Mannerheim ne ya fara kawo sunan a cikin wani jawabi da ya yi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1918.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Finland, an haɗa ta da White Guard . Bayan yaƙin, an kafa Lotta Svärd a matsayin ƙungiya daban a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1920. Ƙungiyar da aka sani ta farko da ta yi amfani da sunan Lotta Svärd ita ce Lotta Svärd na Riihimäki, wadda aka kafa a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1918.
Ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa a shekarun 1920 kuma ta ƙunshi membobi 60,000 a shekarar 1930. Helmi Arneberg-Pentti shine shugaban Lotta Svärd daga 1921 zuwa 1922 da 1925 zuwa 1929. [3] A shekarar 1944 ta ƙunshi masu sa kai 242,000, babbar ƙungiyar agaji ta sa kai a duniya, yayin da jimillar yawan jama'ar Finland bai kai miliyan huɗu ba. [4] [5] Fanni Luukkonen ita ce shugabar Lotta Svärd daga 1929 zuwa 1944. [6]
An kafa irin wannan ƙungiya a Stockholm, Sweden a shekarar 1924 ta hannun Tyra Wadner, wacce daga baya ta ɗauki suna Sveriges lottakårer [ƙungiyar Lotta ta Sweden], tana da kusanci da ƙungiyar 'yar'uwarta ta Finland [7] [8]
A shekarun 1920 da 1930, 'yan ƙasar Finland Kiristoci ne kawai suka cancanci shiga, kuma an buƙaci wasu mutane biyu da aka yi musu rijista da za su iya amincewa da su. Sau da yawa ana yin watsi da buƙatar ta ƙarshe bayan wargajewar Yaƙin Hunturu a 1939. Ana iya karɓar baƙi ta hanyar izini na musamman. Duk da haka, a 1940, an karɓi membobin farko na Musulmi da Yahudawa, kuma na farko da ba na addini ba a 1941.
Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A lokacin Yaƙin Lokacin Sanyi, an saki kimanin maza 100,000 waɗanda "Lottas" suka kwace ayyukansu don aikin soja. Lottas sun yi aiki a asibitoci, a wuraren gargaɗin jiragen sama da sauran ayyukan taimako tare da haɗin gwiwar sojojin. Duk da haka, Lottas ba su da makamai a hukumance. Banda ɗaya kawai shine batirin hana jiragen sama na son rai a Helsinki a lokacin bazara na 1944, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Lotta Svärd. Batirin yana aiki da fitilun bincike na AA. An ba da rundunar bindigogi don kare kai, don haka ita ce kawai sashin soja na mata masu ɗauke da makamai a tarihin Rundunar Tsaron Finland. [1] Sashen lafiya ya sami jagorancin likita Suoma af Hällström . [2]
Bukatar ma'aikata mai tsanani ta haifar da ɗaukar ma'aikata cikin sauri kuma sau da yawa babu lokacin horar da sabbin Lottas yadda ya kamata bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙungiyar. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin sabbin ma'aikata matasa ne kuma ba su da ƙwarewa. Wannan ya haifar da ɗan rashin jituwa tsakanin tsoffin sojoji da sabbin ma'aikata.
Lotta Svärd ta sha wahala kaɗan, idan aka yi la'akari da adadin mata da aka tura yankin yaƙi da kuma tsawon lokacin yaƙin. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe, Lottas 291 sun mutu, 140 daga cututtuka da aka kama a bakin aiki, 66 sun mutu a fagen daga, 47 a hare-haren sama da kuma 34 a haɗurra. An binne Lottas da suka mutu a kaburburan jaruman yaƙi a cikin cocin gidansu. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Organisaatio ja sotavuosien lottatyö" [Organization and the Lotta work during the war years]. Suojeluskunnat ja Lotta Svärd (in Yaren mutanen Finland). Suojeluskuntajärjestön perinteet ry. Retrieved 27 August 2025.
- ↑ "Etusivu". Lotta Svärd - Verkkomuseo.
- ↑ Latva-Äijö, Annika (2003-02-17). "Arneberg-Pentti, Helmi (1889–1981)". Suomen kansallisbiografia (in Yaren mutanen Finland). Retrieved 2024-08-18.
- ↑ Nevala-Nurmi, Seija-Leena (2006-12-01). "Girls and Boys in the Finnish Voluntary Defence Movement". Ennen ja nyt: Historian tietosanomat (in Turanci). 6 (3–4): 3. ISSN 1458-1396.
- ↑ Ollila, Anne (1995-01-01). "Women's voluntary associations in Finland during the 1920s and 1930s". Scandinavian Journal of History. 20 (2): 97–107. doi:10.1080/03468759508579297. ISSN 0346-8755.
- ↑ Sulamaa, Kaarle. "Luukkonen, Fanni (1882–1947)". Suomen kansallisbiografia (in Yaren mutanen Finland). Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ "Tyra Elisabeth Wadner". Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ↑ Sundevall, Fia (2017). "Money, Gender and Military Training: Women as Economic Agents in Military Affairs (Sweden 1924–1942)". Militärhistorisk tidskrift [Military history journal of Sweden].