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Louise Glück

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Louise Glück
Rayuwa
Haihuwa New York, 22 ga Afirilu, 1943
ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa Cambridge (mul) Fassara, 13 Oktoba 2023
Yanayin mutuwa Sababi na ainihi (sankara)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama John Dranow (en) Fassara  (1977 -  1996)
Yara
Ƴan uwa
Karatu
Makaranta George W. Hewlett High School (en) Fassara
Sarah Lawrence College (en) Fassara
Columbia University (en) Fassara
(1963 - 1966)
Harsuna Turanci
Jamusanci
Ɗalibai
Sana'a
Sana'a marubuci, maiwaƙe da essayist (en) Fassara
Employers Jami ar Yale
Williams College (en) Fassara
Boston University (en) Fassara
University of Iowa (en) Fassara
Muhimman ayyuka Averno (en) Fassara
Meadowlands (en) Fassara
The Wild Iris (en) Fassara
Faithful and Virtuous Night (en) Fassara
Kyaututtuka
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa Robert Lowell (en) Fassara, Rainer Maria Rilke (mul) Fassara da Emily Dickinson (mul) Fassara
Mamba American Academy of Arts and Letters (en) Fassara
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Yahudanci
IMDb nm11994002

Louise Elisabeth Glück ( / ɡ lɪk / GLIK ; [1] [2] Afrilu 22, 1943 - Oktoba 13, 2023) mawaƙiya ce Ba'amurkiya ce kuma marubuciya. Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi na 2020, wacce alkalan ta suka yaba da "muryar wakar ta da ba ta da tabbas wacce tare da kyawawan kyawawan halaye ke sanya kasancewar mutum a duniya baki daya". [3] Sauran lambobin yabonta sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta Pulitzer, lambar yabo ta ɗan adam ta ƙasa, lambar yabo ta ƙasa, lambar yabo ta masu sukar littattafai ta ƙasa, da lambar yabo ta Bollingen . Daga 2003 zuwa 2004, ta kasance Laureate na Amurka .

An haifi Glück a birnin New York kuma ya girma a Long Island . Ta fara fama da ciwon sanyi a lokacin da take makarantar sakandare kuma daga baya ta shawo kan cutar. Ta halarci Kwalejin Sarah Lawrence da Jami'ar Columbia amma ba ta sami digiri ba. Baya ga kasancewarta marubuciya, ta koyar da wakoki a cibiyoyin ilimi da dama.

Ana yawan kwatanta Glück a matsayin mawaƙin tarihin rayuwa; An san aikinta don tsananin motsin rai da kuma yin zane akai-akai akan tatsuniyoyi ko hotunan yanayi don yin zuzzurfan tunani kan abubuwan da suka faru na sirri da rayuwar zamani . A taƙaice, waƙoƙinta sun haskaka ɓangarori na rauni, sha'awa, da yanayi. Ta yin haka, sun zama sanannun furci na baƙin ciki da keɓewa . Masana sun kuma mayar da hankali kan gina mawaƙanta da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakaninta, a cikin waqoqinta, tsakanin tarihin tarihin rayuwa da tatsuniyoyi na gargajiya.

Glück ya yi aiki a matsayin Frederick Iseman Farfesa a cikin Ayyukan Waƙa a Jami'ar Yale da kuma Farfesa a Turanci a Jami'ar Stanford . Ta raba lokacinta tsakanin Cambridge, Massachusetts ; Montpelier, Vermont ; da kuma Berkeley, California . [4] [5] [6]

Tarihin Rayuwa

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Rayuwar farko

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An haifi Louise Glück a birnin New York a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1943. Ita ce dattijo a cikin ’ya’ya mata biyu da suka tsira na Daniel Glück, ɗan kasuwa, da Beatrice Glück (yar uwar gida Grosby).

Mahaifiyar Glück ’yar asalin ƙasar Rasha Yahudawa ce . Kakanninta na uba, Terézia (née Moskovitz) da Henrik Glück, Yahudawan Hungary ne daga Érmihályfalva, gundumar Bihar, a cikin abin da yake a lokacin Masarautar Hungary, Daular Austro-Hungarian (Romania ta yanzu); kakanta ya mallaki wani kamfanin katako mai suna "Feldmann és Glück". Sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka a cikin Disamba 1900 kuma daga ƙarshe sun mallaki kantin sayar da kayan abinci a New York. Mahaifin Glück, wanda aka haifa a Amirka, yana da burin zama marubuci, amma ya yi kasuwanci da surukinsa. Tare, sun sami nasara lokacin da suka ƙirƙira wukar X-Acto . Mahaifiyar Glück ta sauke karatu a Kwalejin Wellesley . A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, iyayen Glück sun koya mata tatsuniyoyi na Girkanci da labarun gargajiya irin su rayuwar Joan na Arc . Ta fara rubuta waka tun tana karama.

Lokacin da yake matashi, Glück ya ci gaba da ciwon rashin lafiya, wanda ya zama ƙalubalen ƙalubalen ƙarshen shekarunta da matasa. Ta bayyana rashin lafiyar, a wata makala, sakamakon kokarin tabbatar da ‘yancinta daga mahaifiyarta. A wani wuri kuma, ta danganta rashin lafiyarta da mutuwar wata ’yar’uwa, lamarin da ya faru kafin a haife ta. A lokacin faɗuwar babbar shekararta a Makarantar Sakandare ta George W. Hewlett, a Hewlett, New York, ta fara jinya ta psychoanalytic . Bayan 'yan watanni, an fitar da ita daga makaranta don mayar da hankali kan gyaranta, ko da yake har yanzu ta kammala a 1961. [7] Game da wannan shawarar, ta rubuta, "Na fahimci cewa a wani lokaci zan mutu. Abin da na sani a fili, fiye da gani, shi ne cewa ba na son mutuwa". Ta yi shekaru bakwai masu zuwa tana jinya, wanda ta ce ya taimaka mata ta shawo kan ciwon da koya mata yadda ake tunani. [8]

As a result of her condition, Glück did not enroll in college as a full-time student. She described her decision to forgo higher education in favor of therapy as necessary: "… my emotional condition, my extreme rigidity of behavior and frantic dependence on ritual made other forms of education impossible". Instead, she took a poetry class at Sarah Lawrence College and, from 1963 to 1966, she enrolled in poetry workshops at Columbia University's School of General Studies, which offered courses for non-degree students.[9] While there, she studied with Léonie Adams and Stanley Kunitz. She credited these teachers as significant mentors in her development as a poet.

Sana'a

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Yayin da take halartar taron waƙa, Glück ta fara buga waƙoƙinta. Buga ta na farko ya kasance a cikin Mademoiselle, ba da daɗewa ba bayan da waƙoƙin waƙa a cikin shayari, The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, The Nation, da sauran wurare. Bayan ta bar Columbia, Glück ta tallafa wa kanta da aikin sakatariya. [10] Ta auri Charles Hertz Jr. a 1967. A cikin 1968, Glück ta buga tarin waƙoƙinta na farko, ɗan fari, wanda ya sami kulawa mai mahimmanci. A cikin bita, mawaƙin Robert Hass ya kwatanta littafin a matsayin "mai wuya, mai fasaha, kuma cike da zafi". [11] Duk da haka, da yake tunani game da shi a cikin 2003, mai sukar Stephanie Burt ya ce tarin "ya bayyana wani mawallafi mai karfi amma mai cike da damuwa, mai koyi da Robert Lowell da Sylvia Plath ". [12] Bayan da aka buga, Glück ya sami wani dogon lokaci na rubutun marubuci, wanda ba a warke ba, in ji ta, har zuwa 1971, lokacin da ta fara koyar da waka a Kwalejin Goddard a Vermont. [10] An tattara kasidun da ta rubuta a wannan lokacin a cikin littafinta na biyu, The House on Marshland (1975), wanda masu suka da yawa suka dauka a matsayin aikinta na ci gaba, wanda ke nuna mata "gano wata murya ta musamman".

A shekara ta 1973, Glück ta haifi ɗa Nuhu, tare da abokin aikinta Keith Monley, wanda ya taimaka masa ya rene shi na shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwarsa. [13] Aurenta da Charles Hertz, Jr. ya ƙare da kisan aure, kuma a cikin 1977 ta auri John Dranow, marubucin wanda ya fara shirin rubutun rani a Kwalejin Goddard. [14] A cikin 1980, Dranow da Francis Voigt, mijin mawaki Ellen Bryant Voigt, sun kafa Cibiyar Culinary New England a matsayin mai zaman kansa, kwalejin riba. Glück da Bryant Voigt sun kasance farkon masu saka hannun jari a cibiyar kuma sun yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwarta. [15]

A cikin 1980, an buga tarin na uku na Glück, Descending Figure ,. Ya sami wasu suka game da sautin sa da kuma batun batunsa: alal misali, mawallafin Greg Kuzma ya zargi Glück da kasancewa "mai ƙiyayya" ga waƙar da aka yi mata a yanzu, "The Drowned Children". [16] Duk da haka, littafin ya sami karbuwa sosai. A cikin Binciken Sharuɗɗa na Amirka, Mary Kinzie ya yaba da hasken littafin na "raunata, cutarwa, masu tayar da hankali". [17] Rubutu a cikin waƙa, mawaƙin kuma mai sukar JD McClatchy ya ce littafin ya kasance "babban ci gaba a kan aikin Glück na baya" da kuma "daya daga cikin fitattun littattafai na shekara". [18] A wannan shekarar, gobara ta lalata gidan Glück da ke Vermont, kuma ta yi hasarar yawancin dukiyarta.

A sakamakon wannan bala'i, Glück ta fara rubuta waƙoƙin da za a tattara daga baya a cikin aikinta na lashe lambar yabo, The Triumph of Achilles (1985). Rubuta a cikin The New York Times, marubucin kuma mai sukar Liz Rosenberg ya bayyana tarin a matsayin "mai haske, mai tsabta, kuma mafi kyau" fiye da aikin Glück na baya. Mai sukar Peter Stitt, ya rubuta a cikin Jojiya Review, ya bayyana cewa littafin ya nuna Glück yana cikin "masu mahimmancin mawaƙa na zamaninmu". [19] Daga cikin tarin, waƙar "Mock Orange", wanda aka kwatanta da waƙar mata, [20] an kira shi "yanki na anthology" saboda yawan shigar da shi a cikin litattafan wakoki da darussan koleji. [21]

A cikin 1984, Glück ya shiga makarantar Williams College a Massachusetts a matsayin babban malami a Sashen Turanci. [22] A shekara mai zuwa, mahaifinta ya rasu. [23] Asarar ta sa ta fara sabon tarin wakoki, Ararat (1990), taken da ake magana a kan dutsen labarin ambaliya na Farawa . Da yake rubutawa a cikin The New York Times a cikin 2012, mai suka Dwight Garner ya kira shi "littafin da ya fi muni da bakin ciki na wakokin Amurka da aka buga a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". Glück ta bi wannan tarin tare da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun littattafanta da suka shahara, The Wild Iris (1992), wanda ke nuna furannin lambu a cikin tattaunawa da mai lambu da wani abin bautawa game da yanayin rayuwa. Mawallafa Weekly sun shelanta shi "littafi mai mahimmanci" wanda ya baje kolin "wakoki na kyawawan kyau". [24] Mai suka Elizabeth Lund, ta rubuta a cikin The Christian Science Monitor, ta kira shi "aiki mai mahimmanci". Ya ci gaba da lashe lambar yabo ta Pulitzer a cikin 1993, tare da tabbatar da sunan Glück a matsayin fitaccen mawaƙin Amurka. [25]

Yayin da shekarun 1990 suka kawo nasarar adabi na Glück, kuma lokaci ne na wahala. Aurenta da John Dranow ya ƙare a cikin kisan aure a cikin 1996, yanayin wahala wanda ya shafi dangantakar kasuwancin su, wanda ya haifar da cire Dranow daga mukamansa a Cibiyar Culinary New England. [15] Glück ta ba da labarin ƙwarewarta a cikin rubuce-rubucenta, ta shiga lokaci mai mahimmanci na aikinta. A cikin 1994, ta buga tarin kasidu mai suna Proofs & Theories: Essays on Poetry . Sannan ta fitar da Meadowlands (1996), tarin wakoki game da yanayin soyayya da tabarbarewar aure. [26] Ta bi ta tare da ƙarin tarin guda biyu: Vita Nova (1999) da The Seven Ages (2001).

A shekara ta 2004, don mayar da martani ga harin ta’addanci na 11 ga Satumba, 2001, Glück ya buga wani littafi mai jigo Oktoba . Wanda ya ƙunshi waƙa ɗaya da aka raba kashi shida, ta zana tatsuniyar Girka ta dā don gano ɓangarori na rauni da wahala. A wannan shekarar, an ba ta suna Rosenkranz Writer a Residence a Jami'ar Yale. [27]

Bayan ya shiga makarantar Yale, Glück ya ci gaba da buga wakoki. Littattafanta da aka buga a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da Averno (2006), Rayuwar ƙauye (2009), da Amintaccen Dare mai nagarta (2014). A cikin 2012, buga tarin tarin darajar wakokinta na karni na rabin karni, mai suna Poems: 1962-2012, an kira shi "wakilin adabi". [28] Wani tarin rubutunta, mai suna American Originality, ya bayyana a cikin 2017. [29]

A cikin Oktoba 2020, Glück ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi, ya zama mace ta goma sha shida da ta samu lambar yabo tun lokacin da aka kafa kyautar a 1901. [30] Sakamakon hani da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar, ta sami kyautar ta a gidanta. [31] A cikin laccarta ta Nobel, wacce aka gabatar da ita a rubuce, ta bayyana yadda ta fara tuntubar wakokin William Blake da Emily Dickinson wajen tattauna alakar da ke tsakanin mawaka, masu karatu, da sauran jama'a. [32]

A cikin 2021, an buga tarin Glück, Girke-girke na hunturu daga Gari . A cikin 2022, an ba ta suna Frederick Iseman Farfesa a cikin Ayyukan Waƙa a Yale. [33] A cikin 2023, an nada ta farfesa a Turanci a Jami'ar Stanford, inda ta koyar a cikin Tsarin Rubutun Ƙirƙira. [34]

Rayuwa ta sirri

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’Yar Glück ta rasu tana ƙarama kafin a haifi Glück. 'Yar'uwarta, Tereze (1945-2018), ta yi aiki a Citibank a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa kuma ita ma marubuciya ce, ta lashe kyautar Iowa Short Fiction Award a 1995 don littafinta, May You Live in Interesting Times . 'Yar Glück ita ce 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Abigail Savage . [35]

Ta kasance aminiya kuma aboki ga marubuciyar Vermont Kathryn Davis a duk rayuwarta. Su biyun sukan yi daidai don raba ayyukansu masu tasowa, suna neman shawarwarin kirkire-kirkire a tsawon doguwar abokantaka da ayyukan rubuce-rubuce.

Glück ya mutu daga ciwon daji a gida a Cambridge, Massachusetts, a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2023, yana da shekaru 80.

Aiki

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External video
video icon Glück reads and discusses her poetry at a Lannan Foundation event in 2016. (9 mins)

Ayyukan Glück ya kasance batun nazarin ilimi. Takardunta, gami da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce, wasiƙa, da sauran kayan, ana ajiye su a Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library a Jami'ar Yale. [36]

Siffar

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Glück an fi saninsa da waƙoƙin waƙa na daidaicin harshe da sautin duhu. Mawakin nan Craig Morgan Teicher ya bayyana ta a matsayin marubuciya wadda "kalmomi ba su da yawa a kodayaushe, suna da wuyar samun nasara, kuma ba za a yi asara ba". Masanin Laura Quinney ya yi jayayya cewa yin amfani da kalmomi a hankali ya sanya Glück cikin "layin mawaƙan Amurkawa waɗanda ke daraja matsananciyar waƙa", daga Emily Dickinson zuwa Elizabeth Bishop . [37] Wakokin Glück sun canza salo a duk tsawon aikinta, ta fara da gajerun wasiƙun waƙoƙi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƙananan layukan da suka faɗaɗa cikin jerin tsawon littafin da aka haɗa. Ba a san aikinta da dabarun waqoqi irin su waƙa ko alliteration ba. Maimakon haka, mawaƙin Robert Hahn ya kira salon nata "mai ban sha'awa" ko "kusan rashi salon", ta dogara da muryar da ke haɗa "ƙaddara mai mahimmanci" tare da hanyar tattaunawa. [38]

Daga cikin malamai da masu bita, an yi ta tattaunawa kan ko Glück mawaƙi ne mai ikirari, saboda yaɗuwar yanayin mutum na farko a cikin waƙoƙinta da kuma abin da ya shafi batunsu, sau da yawa wahayi daga abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rayuwar Glück. Masanin nan Robert Baker ya yi iƙirarin cewa Glück "hakika mawaƙi ne mai ikirari ta wata ma'ana", [39] yayin da mai suka Michael Robbins ya yi jayayya cewa waƙar Glück, ba kamar na mawaƙan ikirari Sylvia Plath ko John Berryman ba, "ya dogara ne akan almara na sirri". [40] A wasu kalmomi, ba za ta iya zama mawaƙin ikirari ba, in ji Robbins, idan ba ta yi magana da masu sauraro ba. Ci gaba da ci gaba, Quinney ya yi jayayya cewa, ga Glück, waƙar ikirari "abin ban tsoro ne". [41] Wasu sun lura cewa za a iya kallon waƙar Glück a matsayin tarihin rayuwa, yayin da dabararta ta zama mutane dabam-dabam, tun daga allolin Girka na dā zuwa furannin lambu, ba ta ba da waƙoƙin wakokinta fiye da ikirari kawai ba. Kamar yadda masanin Helen Vendler ya lura: "A cikin ɓatanci da ajiyar su, [waƙoƙin Glück] suna ba da madadin 'ikirari' na mutum na farko, yayin da ya rage na sirri.

Jigogi

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Yayin da aikin Glück ya bambanta da jigo, masana da masu suka sun gano jigogi da yawa da suka fi muhimmanci. Mafi mahimmanci, za a iya cewa waƙar Glück ta mai da hankali ga rauni, kamar yadda ta rubuta a cikin dukan aikinta game da mutuwa, asara, wahala, rashin dangantaka, da ƙoƙarin warkarwa da sabuntawa. Masanin nan Daniel Morris ya lura cewa ko da waƙar Glück da ke amfani da hoto na al'ada na farin ciki ko mara kyau "yana ba da shawarar marubucin sanin mace-mace, na asarar rashin laifi". Masanin nan Joanne Feit Diehl ta yi na'am da wannan ra'ayi lokacin da ta yi gardama cewa "wannan 'hankalin ƙarewa'… yana sanya waƙar Glück da ikon sake tunani", yana mai nuni da yadda ta canza abubuwa na yau da kullun, irin su ɗan wasan motsa jiki, zuwa wakilcin kaɗaici da asara. Duk da haka, ga Glück, raunin da ya faru ya kasance ƙofa don ƙarin jin daɗin rayuwa, ra'ayi da aka bincika a cikin Triumph of Achilles . Nasarar da taken ke nuni da ita ita ce yarda da Achilles na mace-mace-wanda ke ba shi damar zama cikakken ɗan adam. [42]

Wani jigogin Glück na gama gari shine sha'awa. Glück ya rubuta kai tsaye game da nau'ikan sha'awa da yawa—misali, sha'awar ƙauna ko fahimi—amma tsarinta yana da alamar rashin fahimta. Morris ya bayar da hujjar cewa waqoqin Glück, waɗanda galibi suna ɗaukar ra'ayoyi masu karo da juna, suna nuna "dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da matsayi, iko, ɗabi'a, jinsi, da kuma mafi girma duka, harshe". Marubucin Robert Boyer ya bayyana rashin jin dadin Glück a sakamakon "tambayoyin kai da kai". Ya bayar da hujjar cewa "Waƙoƙin Glück a mafi kyawun su koyaushe suna motsawa tsakanin sakewa da tabbatarwa, jin daɗin jin daɗi da tunani… ga mawaƙin da sau da yawa yana iya zama kamar ba shi da tushe kuma ba shi da sha'awa, ta kasance mai ƙarfi da amsa ga sha'awar mu'ujiza ta yau da kullun da tashin hankali na damuwa". Tashin hankali tsakanin sha'awa gasa a cikin aikin Glück ya bayyana duka a cikin zato na mutane daban-daban tun daga waka zuwa waka da mabanbantan tsarinta ga kowane tarin waqoqinta. Wannan ya sa mawaki kuma masani James Longenbach ya bayyana cewa "canji shine mafi girman darajar Louise Glück" kuma "idan canji shine abin da ta fi so, shi ne kuma abin da ta fi tsayayya, abin da ya fi wuya a gare ta, mafi wuyar nasara". [43]

Wani abin da Glück ya shagaltu da shi shi ne yanayi, wurin da aka yi wa yawancin waƙoƙinta. A cikin The Wild Iris, waƙoƙin suna faruwa a cikin lambun da furanni ke da hankali, muryoyin motsin rai. Koyaya, Morris ya nuna cewa Gidan da ke Marshland shima ya damu da yanayi kuma ana iya karanta shi azaman bita na al'adar Romantic na waƙar yanayi. A cikin Ararat, kuma, "furanni sun zama harshen makoki", masu amfani ga duka tunawa da gasa tsakanin masu makoki don ƙayyade "mallakar yanayi a matsayin tsarin ma'ana mai ma'ana". Don haka, a cikin aikin Glück, abu ne da ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi sosai kuma a rungumi shi. Mawallafin kuma mai suka Alan Williamson ya ce yana iya kuma wani lokaci yana ba da shawarar allahntaka, kamar lokacin da, a cikin waƙar "Kiɗa na Sama", mai magana ya bayyana cewa "lokacin da kake son duniya za ka ji kiɗa na sama", ko kuma lokacin, a cikin "The Wild Iris", allahntaka yana magana ta hanyar canje-canjen yanayi.

Har ila yau, waƙar Glück sananne ne ga abin da ya guje wa. Morris yayi jayayya da cewa

Glück's writing most often evades ethnic identification, religious classification, or gendered affiliation. In fact, her poetry often negates critical assessments that affirm identity politics as criteria for literary evaluation. She resists canonization as a hyphenated poet (that is, as a "Jewish-American" poet, or a "feminist" poet, or a "nature" poet), preferring instead to retain an aura of iconoclasm, or in-betweenness.[44]

Tasiri

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Glück ya yi nuni ga tasirin ilimin halin ɗan adam a kan aikinta, da kuma yadda ta fara koyo a cikin almara, misalai, da tatsuniyoyi. Bugu da kari, ta yaba da tasirin Léonie Adams da Stanley Kunitz. Masana da masu sukar sun nuna tasirin wallafe-wallafen akan aikinta na Robert Lowell, [45] Rainer Maria Rilke, [46] da Emily Dickinson, da sauransu.

Girmamawa

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Glück ta sami karramawa da yawa saboda aikinta. A ƙasa akwai karramawa da ta samu na aikinta da na ɗaiɗaikun ayyuka.

Girmama ga jikin aiki

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Girmama ga ɗaiɗaikun ayyuka

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  Bugu da ƙari, The Wild Iris, Vita Nova, da Averno duk sun kasance masu cin nasara don lambar yabo ta kasa. [47] Zamani Bakwai ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙarshe na lambar yabo ta Pulitzer da lambar yabo ta Critics Circle Award. [48] Rayuwar ƙauye ta kasance ɗan wasan ƙarshe don lambar yabo ta Littattafai ta ƙasa da lambar yabo ta kasa da kasa ta Griffin . [49]

An tsara waƙar Glück sosai, ciki har da a cikin Norton Anthology of Poetry, Littafin Oxford na Waƙar Amurka, da Columbia Anthology of American Poetry .

Saƙonnin da aka zaɓa ko aka gayyata

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A cikin 1999, Glück, tare da mawaƙa Rita Dove da WS Merwin, an nemi su yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Laburaren Majalisa na shekaru biyu na wannan cibiyar. A cikin wannan ƙarfin, ta taimaka wa ɗakin karatu na Congress don ƙayyade shirye-shirye don bikin cika shekaru 200. [50] A cikin 1999, an kuma zabe ta a matsayin Chancellor na Academy of American Poets, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa 2005. [51] A cikin 2003, an nada ta alkali na Yale Series of Younger Poets, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa 2010. Shirin Yale shi ne gasar adabi mafi dadewa a kowace shekara a Amurka, kuma a lokacin da take matsayin alkali, ta zabi aikin buga wakokin mawaka Jay Hopler, Peter Streckfus, da Fady Joudah, da sauransu. [52]

Glück ya kasance memba na baƙon malami a cibiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da Jami'ar Stanford, [53] Jami'ar Boston, [54] Jami'ar North Carolina, Greensboro, [55] da Taron Marubutan Iowa . [56]

Zaba littafin littafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarin wakoki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Buga na Omnibus

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Littattafai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarin muqala

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Almara

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Jerin sunayen Yahudawan da suka samu kyautar Nobel

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Louise Glück wins Nobel Prize for Literature". BBC. October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  2. ↑ "Say How? – National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Summary of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature". Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Louise Glück | Authors | Macmillan". US Macmillan (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  5. ↑ Schley, Jim. "Book Review: 'Winter Recipes From the Collective,' Louise Glück". Seven Days (in Turanci). Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  6. ↑ name=":0">Sanford, John. "With five new appointments, Creative Writing Program undergoing 'amazing transformation' | Stanford Humanities and Sciences". humsci.stanford.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Louise Glück Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  8. ↑ Gluck, Louise (October 27, 2012). "'A Voice of Spiritual Prophecy'. Louise Gluck Interview". Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Louise Glück 2020 Winner of Nobel Prize in Literature". Columbia – School of the Arts (in Turanci). Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Louise Glück". National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) (in Turanci). Archived from the original on February 6, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  11. ↑ Miklitsch, Robert (October 1, 1982). "Assembling a Landscape: The Poetry of Louise Gluck". Hollins Critic. 19 (4): 1. ISSN 0018-3644. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  12. ↑ Burt, Stephen (September 21, 2003). "The Laureate: Why Louise Gluck's intensely private poetry is just what the public needs". The Boston Globe (in Turanci). Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  13. ↑ Floersch, Larry (2023-11-01). "State of Mind: Louise Glück (1943–2023): Food and Friendship: A Remembrance". The Montpelier Bridge (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-14.
  14. ↑ name="Flagg">Flagg, Kathryn. "Vermont's Struggling Culinary School Plans Its Next Course". Seven Days (in Turanci). Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Flagg, Kathryn. "Vermont's Struggling Culinary School Plans Its Next Course". Seven Days (in Turanci). Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2020.Flagg, Kathryn. "Vermont's Struggling Culinary School Plans Its Next Course". Seven Days. Archived from the original on September 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  16. ↑ George, E. Laurie (1990). "The 'Harsher Figure' of Descending Figure: Louise Gluck's 'Dive into the Wreck'" (PDF). Women's Studies. 17 (3–4): 235–247. doi:10.1080/00497878.1990.9978808. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  17. ↑ Kinzie, Mary (1982). "Review of Descending Figure; Memory; Monolithos; The Southern Cross; Sure Signs: New and Selected Poems; Letters from a Father; Antarctic Traveller; Worldly Hopes". The American Poetry Review. 11 (5): 37–46. ISSN 0360-3709. JSTOR 27777028.
  18. ↑ McClatchy, J. D. (1981). "Figures in the Landscape". Poetry. 138 (4): 231–241. ISSN 0032-2032. JSTOR 20594296.
  19. ↑ Stitt, Peter (1985). "Contemporary American Poems: Exclusive and Inclusive". The Georgia Review. 39 (4): 849–863. ISSN 0016-8386. JSTOR 41398888.
  20. ↑ Abel, Colleen (January 15, 2019). "Speaking Against Silence". The Ploughshares Blog. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  21. ↑ name="Hahn-2004">Hahn, Robert (Summer 2004). "Transporting the Wine of Tone: Louise Gluck in Italian". Michigan Quarterly Review. XLIII (3). ISSN 1558-7266. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)Hahn, Robert (Summer 2004). "Transporting the Wine of Tone: Louise Gluck in Italian". Michigan Quarterly Review. XLIII (3). hdl:2027/spo.act2080.0043.313. ISSN 1558-7266.
  22. ↑ Williams College. "Poet Louise Glück at Williams College Awarded Coveted Bollingen Prize". Office of Communications (in Turanci). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  23. ↑ "A zest for life: Beatrice Glück of Woodmere dies at 101". Herald Community Newspapers (in Turanci). May 26, 2011. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Wild Iris". Publishers Weekly. June 29, 1992. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  25. ↑ "The Wild Iris, by Louise Glück (The Ecco Press)". Pulitzer.org. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  26. ↑ "Louise Glück". Poetry Foundation. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  27. ↑ Speirs, Stephanie (November 9, 2004). "Gluck waxes poetic on work". yaledailynews.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Creative Paralysis". The American Scholar (in Turanci). December 6, 2013. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  29. ↑ "American Originality: Essays on Poetry". Good Reads. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Louise Glück wins the 2020 Nobel prize in literature". The Guardian (in Turanci). October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Nobel ceremonies go low-key this year because of coronavirus". AP NEWS. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  32. ↑ Glück, Louise. "The Nobel Lecture in Literature 2020". NobelPrize.org (in Turanci). Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Louise Glück named Frederick Iseman Professor in the Practice of Poetry". YaleNews (in Turanci). May 11, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  34. ↑ Sanford, John. "With five new appointments, Creative Writing Program undergoing 'amazing transformation' | Stanford Humanities and Sciences". humsci.stanford.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved March 3, 2023.Sanford, John. "With five new appointments, Creative Writing Program undergoing 'amazing transformation' | Stanford Humanities and Sciences". humsci.stanford.edu. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  35. ↑ "Obituary: Gluck, Tereze". legacy.com. December 19, 2018. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020.
  36. ↑ "Collection: Louise Glück papers | Archives at Yale". archives.yale.edu. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  37. ↑ name="Quinney-2005">Quinney, Laura (July 21, 2005). "Like Dolls with Their Heads Cut Off". London Review of Books (in Turanci). 27 (14). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.Quinney, Laura (July 21, 2005). "Like Dolls with Their Heads Cut Off". London Review of Books. 27 (14). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  38. ↑ Hahn, Robert (Summer 2004). "Transporting the Wine of Tone: Louise Gluck in Italian". Michigan Quarterly Review. XLIII (3). ISSN 1558-7266. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  39. ↑ Baker, Robert (June 1, 2018). "Versions of Ascesis in Louise Glück's Poetry". The Cambridge Quarterly (in Turanci). 47 (2): 131–154. doi:10.1093/camqtly/bfy011. ISSN 0008-199X. S2CID 165358842. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  40. ↑ name="Robbins-2012">Robbins, Michael (December 4, 2012). "The Constant Gardener: On Louise Glück". Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.Robbins, Michael (December 4, 2012). "The Constant Gardener: On Louise Glück". Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  41. ↑ Quinney, Laura (July 21, 2005). "Like Dolls with Their Heads Cut Off". London Review of Books (in Turanci). 27 (14). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  42. ↑ ""The Ambivalence of Being in Gluck's The Triumph of Achilles" [by Caroline Malone]". The Best American Poetry. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  43. ↑ Longenbach, James (1999). "Louise Glück's Nine Lives". Southwest Review. 84 (2): 184–198. ISSN 0038-4712. JSTOR 43472558.
  44. ↑ Morris, Daniel. The Poetry of Louise Glück: A Thematic Introduction. pp. 30–31.
  45. ↑ Gargaillo, Florian (September 29, 2017). "Sounding Lowell: Louise Glück and Derek Walcott". Literary Matters (in Turanci). Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  46. ↑ Robbins, Michael (December 4, 2012). "The Constant Gardener: On Louise Glück". Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Louise Glück". National Book Foundation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Louise Gluck". www.pulitzer.org. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  49. ↑ Says, Tarsitano. "Griffin Poetry Prize: Louise Glück". Griffin Poetry Prize (in Turanci). Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  50. ↑ "Librarian of Congress Makes Unprecedented Poetry Appointments". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  51. ↑ "Louise Glück | Steven Barclay Agency". www.barclayagency.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  52. ↑ "The Judges". Yale Series of Younger Poets (in Turanci). February 26, 2014. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  53. ↑ "Mohr Visiting Poets". Creative Writing Program Stanford University. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  54. ↑ "Creative Writing hosts faculty reading tonight". Boston University. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  55. ↑ Johnston, Matthew (December 7, 2020). "Yes, Nobel laureate Louise Glück was a Spartan". UNCG Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  56. ↑ "Louise Glück". LitCity University of Iowa. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  57. ↑ Glück, Louise (October 14, 1976). "The Garden". Retrieved October 14, 2023.
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