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Louisiana Creole

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Louisiana Creole
Kouri-Vini
'Yan asalin magana
 harshen asali: 10,000 (2010)
Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 lou
Glottolog loui1240[1]

Louisiana Creole[lower-alpha 1], wanda aka fi baki da endonym [2] (Louisiana Creole: Kouri-vini), a tsakanin wasu sunaye[lower-alpha 2], yare ne na harshen Creole na Faransanci wanda kasa da mutane 10,000 ke magana, galibi a jihar Louisiana ta Amurka. [3] A yau ana magana da shi ta hanyar mutanen da za su iya nuna launin fata a matsayin fari, baƙar fata, gauraye, da 'Yan asalin Amurka, da kuma Cajun da Creole. Bai kamata a rikita shi da yaren 'yar uwarsa ba, Louisiana Faransanci, yaren Faransanci. Yawancin Louisiana Creoles ba sa magana da harshen Louisiana Creole kuma suna iya amfani da Faransanci ko Ingilishi a matsayin harsuna na yau da kullun.

Saboda saurin raguwar yawan masu magana, ana ɗaukar Louisiana Creole a matsayin yare mai haɗari.[4]

Asalin da ci gaban tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Faransanci ne suka mallaki Louisiana tun daga farkon shekara ta 1699, da kuma mutanen Akkadia waɗanda aka tilasta musu fita daga Acadia a tsakiyar karni na 18.[5][6] Masu mulkin mallaka sun kasance manyan masu shuka, ƙananan masu gidaje, da masu kiwon shanu; Faransanci suna buƙatar ma'aikata, saboda sun sami yanayin sosai. Sun fara shigo da bayi na Afirka, kamar yadda suka yi a tsibirin tsibirin Caribbean.[6] Kashi biyu bisa uku na bayi da aka kawo zuwa Louisiana sun samo asali ne daga Yankin Senegambian, suna magana da Malinke, Sereer, Wolof, Pulaar, da Bambara. Ƙungiyar da ta fi girma daga Senegambia ita ce Bambara, waɗanda ke magana da yarukan da ke fahimtar juna na Harshen Malinke.[7]

Canjin harshe, haɗari da sake farfadowa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A game da Louisiana Creole, wani diglossia ya haifar tsakanin Louisiana Creole da Louisiana Faransanci. Michael Picone, masanin ƙamus, ya ba da shawarar kalmar "Plantation Society French" don bayyana wani nau'in Faransanci wanda ya haɗa shi da masu gonar, masu kula da gonar, ƙananan masu mallakar ƙasa, jami'an soja / sojoji da masu magana da harsuna biyu, 'yanci masu launi, a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga tushen ƙamus na Louisiana Creole. A cikin ƙarni, haɗin kai mara kyau na Louisiana Creole tare da bautar ya lalata harshe har zuwa inda masu magana da yawa ba sa son amfani da shi saboda tsoron ba'a. Ta wannan hanyar, an ba da aikin "babban" iri-iri (ko harshen H) ga daidaitattun Faransanci na Louisiana kuma an ba da "ƙananan" iri-irin (ko harshen L) ga Louisiana Creole da Louisiana Faransanci.[8]

A yau, Louisiana Creole yana magana da kasa da mutane 6,000.[9][10] Kodayake bayanan ƙididdigar ƙasa sun haɗa da adadi game da amfani da harshe, waɗannan galibi ba abin dogaro ba ne a Louisiana saboda halin masu amsawa na gano yarensu daidai da asalin kabilansu. Misali, masu magana da Louisiana Creole waɗanda ke nuna kansu a matsayin Cajuns galibi suna lakafta yarensu 'Cajun Faransanci', kodayake a kan tushen harshe za a dauke yarensu Louisiana Creole.[11], e.[12]

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Louisiana Creole". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ Teo, Tracey (March 1, 2023). "Rediscovering America: Kouri-Vini: The return of the US' lost language". BBC Travel.
  3. ↑ Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid; Klingler, Thomas A. "Structure dataset 53: Louisiana Creole". APiCS Online. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  4. ↑ "Louisiana Creole". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  5. ↑ "Acadian". Britannica. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Klinger, Thomas A.; Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid (2013). Michaelis, Susanne Maria; Maurer, Phillippe; Haspelmath, Martin; Huber, Magnus (eds.). "Louisiana Creole". The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages Volume II: Portuguese-based, Spanish-based, and French-based Languages. UK: Oxford University Press: 229–40.
  7. ↑ Squint, Kirstin (2005). "A Linguistic and Cultural Comparison of Haitian Creole and Louisiana Creole". Postcolonial Text. 1 (2). ISSN 1705-9100. OCLC 863040959. Retrieved 1 March 2025.
  8. ↑ Carlisle, Aimee Jeanne. "Language Attrition in Louisiana Creole French" (PDF). linguistics.ucdavis.edu. University of California, Davis. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2016. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  9. ↑ Teo, Tracey (March 1, 2023). "Rediscovering America: Kouri-Vini: The return of the US' lost language". BBC Travel.
  10. ↑ Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid; Klingler, Thomas A. "Structure dataset 53: Louisiana Creole". APiCS Online. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  11. ↑ Klingler, Thomas A. (2003). "Language labels and language use among Cajuns and Creoles in Louisiana". University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 9 (2).
  12. ↑ Klingler, Thomas A. (2003). "Language labels and language use among Cajuns and Creoles in Louisiana". University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 9 (2).


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