Lower Egypt
 Lower Egypt | ||||
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Misra da Upper and Lower Egypt (en)  | |||
| Ƙasa | Misra | |||
| Hannun riga da |
Upper Egypt (en) | |||
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Lua error a Module:Location_map/multi, layi na 27: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Northern Egypt" does not exist.Ƙasar Masar ( Arabic Miṣr as-Suflā ) yanki ne mafi arewa a Masar, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin Nilu mai albarka tsakanin Babban Masar da Tekun Bahar Rum . Kogin Nilu ya rabu zuwa rassan delta bakwai a Ƙasar Masar. An raba Ƙasar Masar zuwa nomes kuma ya fara ci gaba a matsayin wayewa bayan 3600. BC. A yau, tana ɗauke da manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ke gudana ta cikin kogin Nilu - Madatsar ruwan Mahmoudiyah (tsohuwar Agathos Daimon) da kuma Madatsar ruwan Muways ( Arabic , "hanyar ruwan Musa").
Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zamanin da, an san ƙasar Masar ta ƙasa da mḥw wanda ke nufin "arewa". [1] Daga baya, a lokacin zamanin da da kuma zamanin tsakiya, Helenawa da Romawa sun kira shi Κάτω Αἴγυπτος ko Aegyptus Inferior duka suna nufin "Ƙasar Masar", amma Copts sun ci gaba da amfani da tsohon sunan da ke da alaƙa da arewa - Tsakhet ( Coptic ) ko Psanemhit ( Coptic ) ma'ana "Sashen Arewa". An ƙara raba shi zuwa yankuna ko nomes da dama ( Coptic ) – Niphaiat ( Coptic , Ancient Greek ) a yamma, Tiarabia ( Coptic ) a gabas, Nimeshshoti ( ' Coptic ) a arewa maso gabas da Bashmur (Bashmuric Coptic ) a arewa. Champollion ya ƙara wani yanki a tsakiyar Delta wanda yake kira Petmour ( Coptic ) bisa tushen Ancient Greek Stephanus na Byzantium ya ambata, amma ba a san ko wannan yanki ne daban ba ko kuma kawai fassarar sunan Bashmur ta Girkanci ne. [2]
Bayan mamayewar Musulmai, an kira tsakiyar yankin Delta al-Rif ( Arabic ) wanda ke nufin "ƙauye, yankin karkara" kuma wanda aka samo daga tsohon Masar
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r-pr, "haikalin", saboda yankunan karkara ne ke gudanar da su. [3] Yankin gabas wanda ya ƙunshi tsohon Tiarabia ana kiransa al-Hawf ( Arabic ) ma'ana "gefe, gefe". [4]
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A yau, akwai manyan hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu da Kogin Nilu ke bi ta cikin kogin delta: ɗaya a yamma a Rashid da ɗaya a gabas a Damietta .
Yankin delta yana da ruwa sosai, akwai ramuka da magudanan ruwa da ke ratsawa.
Saboda kusancinta da Tekun Bahar Rum, yanayin ƙasar Masar ya fi na Upper Egypt, yankin kudancin ƙasar laushi. Yanayin zafi ba shi da tsanani kuma ruwan sama ya fi yawa a ƙasar Masar.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An raba ta zuwa gundumomi ashirin da ake kira nomes, na farko kuma yana a el-Lisht . Saboda yankin ƙasa mai nisa na ƙasar Masar ba shi da wani ci gaba, cike da dukkan nau'ikan shuke-shuke kamar ciyawa da ganye, tsarin nomes ya sami sauye-sauye da dama.
Babban birnin ƙasar Masar ta Lower Egypt shine Memphis . Allolinta masu kula da ita sune allahiya Wadjet, wacce aka nuna a matsayin ƙwarƙwara. An wakilci ƙasan Masar ta hanyar Red Crown Deshret, kuma alamominta sune papyrus da zuma. Bayan haɗewa, an wakilci allolin ƙasan Masar da na sama tare a matsayin mata biyu, Wadjet da Nekhbet (wanda aka nuna a matsayin ungulu), don kare dukkan tsoffin Masarawa.
A kusan shekara ta 3600 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), al'ummomin Neolithic na Masar da ke gefen Kogin Nilu sun kafa al'adunsu kan kiwon amfanin gona da kuma kula da dabbobi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan shekara ta 3600 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), al'ummar Masar ta fara girma da ci gaba cikin sauri zuwa ga wayewar da aka inganta. [5] Wani sabon tukwane mai ban mamaki, wanda ke da alaƙa da tukwane a Kudancin Levant, ya bayyana a wannan lokacin kuma an ƙara amfani da jan ƙarfe sosai. [5] Tsarin Mesopotamian na tubalan busassun rana, da ƙa'idodin ginin gine-gine—gami da amfani da baka da bangon da aka ɓoye don yin ado—ya zama sananne a wannan lokacin. [5]
Tare da waɗannan ci gaban al'adu, an sami wani tsari na haɗa kan al'ummomi da garuruwan Kogin Nilu na sama, ko kuma Babban Masar . A lokaci guda, al'ummomin Delta na Nilu, ko Ƙasashen Masar suma sun shiga tsarin haɗin kai. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Babban Masar da Ƙasashen Masar sun faru sau da yawa. A lokacin mulkinsa a Babban Masar, Sarki Narmer ya kayar da abokan gabansa a Delta kuma ya haɗa masarautun Babban Masar da Ƙasashen Masar a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa ɗaya. [5]
Jerin sarakunan zamanin zamanin daular Masar ta ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dutse na Palermo, wani tarihin sarauta da aka rubuta a tsakiyar Daular Biyar (kimanin 2490 BC – kimanin 2350 BC) ya rubuta wasu sarakuna da suka yi mulki a Ƙasar Masar kafin Narmer . Waɗannan ba a tabbatar da su ba kwata-kwata a wajen waɗannan rubuce-rubucen:
| Suna |
|---|
| Hsekiu [6] |
| Khayu [6] |
| Tiu |
| Tash [6] |
| Neheb [6] |
| Wazner [6] |
| Mekh [6] |
| (an lalata) [6] |
Sabanin haka, an tabbatar da waɗannan sarakunan ta hanyar binciken kayan tarihi daga Sinai da Ƙasashen Masar: Falcon Biyu, Kada .
A kan Palette na Narmer da ke tunawa da shan kaye a Ƙasar Masar da kuma haɗakar masarautun biyu, an ba wa namijin da Narmer ya nuna yana da launin shuɗi an ba shi sunan " Wash ". Ganin cewa ba a tabbatar ko wannan adadi yana wakiltar ainihin mutum ko kuma kawai wakilci ne na misali, shaidar kayan tarihi don tallafawa "Wash" a matsayin sarkin ƙarshe na Ƙasar Masar ba ta da tabbas.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tsakiyar Masar
- Sama da Ƙasan Masar
- Nomes na Misira
- Yanayin Ƙasa na Masar
- Tsohuwar Masar
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "TM Places". www.trismegistos.org. Retrieved 2019-11-16.
- ↑ "Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf: Das alte Aegypten oder Sprache, Geschichte, Religion und Verfassung des alten Aegyptens: nach den altägyptischen Original-Schriften und den Mittheilungen der nichtägyptischen alten Schriftsteller (Band 2) (Leipzig, 1843)". digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
- ↑ "ريف - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-28.
- ↑ Adel, Arsanious (23 December 2019). "Administrative Organization Of Egypt - Coptic Wiki" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-28.
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