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Lydia Foy

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Lydia Foy
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Ireland (en) Fassara, 23 ga Yuni, 1947 (78 shekaru)
ƙasa Ireland
Karatu
Makaranta University College Dublin – National University of Ireland, Dublin (mul) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'a dentist (en) Fassara da LGBTQ rights activist (en) Fassara

Lydia Annice Foy mace ce ta Irish da aka sani da jagorantar kalubalen shari'a game da amincewa da jinsi a Ireland. A shekara ta 1992, Foy ta yi tiyata don canza jima'i, kuma ta fara gwagwarmaya ta shekaru 20 don samun takardar shaidar haihuwarta ta nuna ainihin jinsi. A shekara ta 2007, Babban Kotun Ireland ta yanke hukuncin cewa sassan da suka dace na dokar Jamhuriyar Ireland ba su dace da Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ba, amma a watan Fabrairun 2013 ba a canza dokar ba kuma ta fara sabon tsarin shari'a don aiwatar da shawarar 2007. Ya zuwa ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2015, Ireland ta zartar da Dokar Karɓar Jima'i ta shekara ta 2014.[1]

Rayuwa ta farko da aure

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Foy likita ne mai ritaya daga Atha, County Kildare . An haife shi a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi mai zaman kansa a Yankin Midland, [2] Foy yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyar da' yar'uwa daya. [3]

Tun daga ƙuruciya Foy ta san jin 'mata'. Wannan ya ci gaba a duk makarantar kwana a Kwalejin Clongowes Wood daga 1960 zuwa 1965. Bayan ya sami Takardar shaidar barin, Foy ya fara karatun likita a Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin, amma ya canza zuwa likitan hakora bayan shekara guda. Foy ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin tiyata a shekarar 1971, kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin likitan hakora.[4]

A shekara ta 1975, lokacin da yake zaune a Athlone, Foy ya sadu da Anne Naughton ta hanyar ƙungiyar kiɗa. Naughton ya kasance sakatare daga Clara, County Offaly, wanda ya girme shi da shekaru takwas. Sun yi alkawari, kuma sun yi aure a Cocin tsarkaka Bitrus da Bulus a Horseleap a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1977. [5] Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, an haifi daya a shekara ta 1978, ɗayan kuma a shekara ta 1980.

Canjin jinsi

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A cikin shekarun 1980s Foy ta fara fama da matsalolin jiki da na tunani, wanda ya kara muni a watan Agusta da Satumba 1989, lokacin da ta sha wahala gaba ɗaya. Tana da shawarwarin likitan kwakwalwa, [6] an gano ta mai canza Jima'i, kuma an ba ta hanyar maganin hormone. Foy ta halarci wasu likitoci biyu a Ingila wadanda suka gano ta da fama da cutar dysphoria ta jinsi.[7]

Foy ya fara aiwatar da sauyawa daga namiji zuwa mace, tare da electrolysis, tiyata na haɓaka nono, aiki a canji da apple na Adams [4] da tiyata na murya. [8] A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1992, Foy ya yi cikakken tiyata na sake fasalin jima'i [4] a Brighton, Ingila. Wannan ya haɗa da cire wasu ƙwayoyin jima'i na waje da na ciki da sake gina jiki na vulva.[8] Hukumar Lafiya ta Gabashin Ireland ta biya £ 3,000 don farashin aikin.[8]

Daga baya, Foy ta rayu gaba ɗaya a matsayin mace. Ta bar gidan dangi a shekarar 1990, kuma an ba da rabuwa ta shari'a a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1991. Duk da yake da farko an ba Foy damar yin amfani da yara, waɗanda ke zaune a hannun mahaifiyarsu, a watan Mayu 1994 Kotun da'ira ta haramta duk damar.

Duk da yake Foy, wacce ta canza sunanta na farko a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1993, ta sami damar samun fasfo, lasisin tuki, katin likita da Katin zabe a cikin sabon sunan, an ki amincewa da bukatar ta ta ta gyara jima'i a takardar shaidar haihuwa.[8][9]

Shari'ar kotu ta farko

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  Foy ta fara shari'a a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1997, [10] don kalubalanci kin amincewar Babban Mai Rijista don ba ta sabon takardar shaidar haihuwa. Ba tare da aikin yi ba, Cibiyoyin Ba da Shawara na Shari'a na kyauta sun wakilci Foy a cikin aikin. Tushen aikinta shine jayayya cewa Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa da Mutuwa (Ireland) ta 1863 ba ta tabbatar da aikin amfani da alamun halittu kawai da ke akwai a lokacin haihuwa don tantance jima'i don dalilai na rajista ba. A cewar Foy, an haife ta "mace mai nakasa" kuma kuskuren yin rikodin jima'i a takardar shaidarta ba kawai abin kunya ba ne a gare ta amma kuma zai iya tsoma baki da hakkokinta na tsarin mulki, saboda ba za ta iya zaɓar auren namiji ba.

Shari'ar ta kai Kotun Koli a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2000. Tsohuwar matar Foy da 'ya'yansu mata sun kalubalanci roƙon ta, suna mai cewa yana iya samun "matsananciyar tasiri a kan gadon su da sauran hakkoki".[11]

An yi hukunci kusan shekaru biyu har zuwa 9 ga Yulin 2002 lokacin da Mista Mai Shari'a Liam McKechnie ya ki amincewa da kalubalen Lydia Foy, yana mai cewa an haifi Foy namiji ne bisa ga shaidar likita da kimiyya kuma saboda haka ba za a iya canza rajista ba. Ya nuna damuwa game da matsayin masu canza jima'i a Ireland, duk da haka, kuma ya yi kira ga gwamnati da ta sake duba lamarin cikin gaggawa.[12][13][14]

Shari'ar kotu ta biyu

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Kwanaki biyu kawai bayan yanke shawara a kan Foy, Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai a Strasbourg ta ji irin wannan shari'ar (Goodwin & I v United Kingdom). Christine Goodwin, wata 'yar Burtaniya mai canza jima'i, ta yi iƙirarin cewa ƙin yarda da ita ta gyara takardar shaidar haihuwarta da yin aure a matsayin mace ya keta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Kotun ta bayyana cewa Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta keta Mataki na 8 da Mataki na 12 na yarjejeniyar.[15] A mayar da martani, Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Gender Recognition Act 2004, ta ba da izinin amincewa da mutane masu canza launin fata a cikin sabon ko jinsi da suka samu, da kuma bayar da sabbin takaddun shaida na haihuwa da ke nuna wannan jinsi.[16]

A shekara ta 2005, Kotun Koli ta Irish ta mayar da karar Foy a gaban Babban Kotun don ci gaba da la'akari.[17] A cikin ɗan lokaci Ireland ta zartar da Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 2003 don ba da tasiri ga Yarjejeniyar Tarayyar Turai kan' Yancin Dan Adam a cikin dokar Irish. Dangane da wannan, Foy ta sake yin aikace-aikace don sabon takardar shaidar haihuwa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2005 kuma lokacin da aka ki amincewa da wannan, ta ba da sabon shari'a a Babban Kotun a watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, tana mai da hankali ga shawarar Goodwin ta Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai. Wadannan shari'o'in sun karfafa tare da shari'ar da ta gabata kuma Mista Mai Shari'a McKechnie ya sake jin labarin. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2007, kotun ta sami Ireland ta saba wa Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam, kuma ta yanke shawarar bayar da sanarwar farko ta rashin daidaituwa tsakanin dokar Irish da Turai. A cewar Mai Shari'a Liam McKechnie, an keta tanadin Mataki na 8 na Yarjejeniyar da ke kare haƙƙin Foy na girmama rayuwar sirri lokacin da Jiha ta kasa "don samar da 'sanin ma'ana' game da asalin mata". Ya kuma nuna takaici game da gazawar gwamnatin Irish na daukar kowane mataki don inganta matsayin masu canza jima'i bayan hukuncin da ya yi a baya a shekara ta 2002.

Tasirin a kan doka

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Kodayake an gabatar da batutuwan a cikin muhawara ta majalisa, [18] [19] ba a yanke hukunci ba. Sanarwar rashin jituwa ba za ta iya soke dokar cikin gida ba, amma ta sanya nauyin gwamnati don sulhunta dokokin Irish da Turai.[20]

A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, Thomas Hammarberg, Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Turai, ya bayyana game da al'ummar masu canza launin fata kuma musamman Foy cewa "babu wata uzuri don kada a ba wannan al'umma cikakkiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam nan da nan".[21]

Ƙalubalen Gwamnati

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Da farko ya kalubalanci hukuncin 2007, a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2010 Gwamnatin Irish ta janye roko kuma ta kafa kwamitin tsakanin sassan kan amincewar doka ga masu canza jima'i. An buga rahoton wannan Kungiyar Ba da Shawara ta Gender Recognition a watan Yulin 2011 kuma ta ba da shawarar doka don amincewa da masu canza jima'i.[22] Da yake ƙaddamar da rahoton, Ministan Kare Jama'a na lokacin Joan Burton ya ce gwamnati za ta gabatar da dokar amincewa da jinsi da wuri-wuri, amma a watan Fabrairun 2013 ba a gabatar da wata doka ba.

Shari'ar kotu ta uku

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A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2013 Cibiyoyin Ba da Shawara ta Shari'a, wanda ke wakiltar Lydia Foy, ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta ba da sabon tsari a Babban Kotun Ireland don neman umarni da ke buƙatar gwamnati ta yi aiki a kan hukuncin Mista Mai Shari'a McKechnie a shekara ta 2007 kuma ta ba ta damar samun sabon takardar shaidar haihuwa da ta amince da jinsi na mace.

Sauran nasarorin

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A shekara ta 1997, Foy ta girma mafi girma a duniya a cikin lambunta.[23]

A shekara ta 2011, ta kasance batun wani shirin a kan RTÉ Rediyo 1 mai suna My name is Lydia Foy . [24]

Dubi kuma

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  • Hakkin LGBT a Jamhuriyar Ireland

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Legal Gender Recognition in Ireland : Gender Recognition : TENI". www.teni.ie. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  2. ↑ name="indie">"Dentist in new court battle to be called a woman". Irish Independent. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009."Dentist in new court battle to be called a woman". Irish Independent. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  3. ↑ name="judge">Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  5. ↑ name="judge">Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  6. ↑ name="ie760">"Transsexual takes Court case to change birth cert (I. Examiner)". Press For Change. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  7. ↑ name="judge">Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.Courts Service of Ireland. "Foy -v- An t-Ard Chláraitheoir & Ors". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Transsexual takes Court case to change birth cert (I. Examiner)". Press For Change. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009."Transsexual takes Court case to change birth cert (I. Examiner)". Press For Change. Archived from the original Archived 2009-02-15 at the Wayback Machine on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  9. ↑ "Ireland: Gender change on birth cert sought (Irish Times)". Press For Change. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  10. ↑ name="iht">"Ireland violated transsexual's right to new birth certificate under EU law, judge rules". International Herald Tribune. 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  11. ↑ name="indie">"Dentist in new court battle to be called a woman". Irish Independent. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  12. ↑ name="indie">"Dentist in new court battle to be called a woman". Irish Independent. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009."Dentist in new court battle to be called a woman". Irish Independent. 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  13. ↑ name="rte2">"Transsexual fails in High Court bid". RTÉ News. 9 July 2002. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  14. ↑ name="jud2">"Foy v. An t-Ard Chlaraitheoir & Ors 2002 IEHC 116". 9 July 2002. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  15. ↑ "ECHR Portal HTML View". Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  16. ↑ "Ireland violated transsexual's right to new birth certificate under EU law, judge rules". International Herald Tribune. 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009."Ireland violated transsexual's right to new birth certificate under EU law, judge rules". International Herald Tribune. 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  17. ↑ "Transgender dentist continues legal fight". RTÉ News. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  18. ↑ "Dáil Éireann – Volume 640". 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  19. ↑ "Dáil Éireann – Volume 647 – Passports Bill 2007: Report Stage". 19 February 2008. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  20. ↑ "Birth registration laws facing repeal after transgender ruling". Irish Independent. 15 February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  21. ↑ "Thomas Hammarberg: "Discrimination against transgender persons must no longer be tolerated"". ILGA Europe. Retrieved 27 February 2009. [dead link]
  22. ↑ "Report of the Gender Recognition Advisory Group". Department of Social Protection. 15 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  23. ↑ "Our world-beaters". Irish Independent. 24 November 2004. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  24. ↑ "My name is Lydia Foy". RTÉ Radio. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
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