Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka

Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka
Bayanai
Gajeren suna	DOE
Iri	United States federal executive department (en) da ministry of energy (en)
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Ƙaramar kamfani na	Oak Ridge National Laboratory (en) , Los Alamos National Laboratory (mul) , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (mul) , Argonne National Laboratory (en) , Brookhaven National Laboratory (en) , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (en) , Idaho National Laboratory (en) , Fermilab (mul) , National Laboratory of the Rockies (en) , Energy Information Administration (en) , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (en) , Savannah River National Laboratory (en) , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (en) , Joint Genome Institute (en) , Ames National Laboratory (en) , Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (en) , National Energy Technology Laboratory (en) , Joint BioEnergy Institute (en) , Ofishin Inganta Makamashi da Sabunta Makamashi, National Nuclear Security Administration (en) , Office of Nuclear Energy (en) , International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (en) , Office of Science (en) , Office of Fossil Energy (en) , Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (en) , United States Department of Energy Office of the General Counsel (en) , Office of Under Secretary of Energy for Science (en) , United States Department of Energy Office of International Affairs (en) , Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (en) , Office of Environmental Management (en) , Office of Management (en) , Savannah River Operations Office (en) , Office of Economic Impact and Diversity (en) , Sandia National Laboratories (en) , Sandia National Laboratories California (en) , Office of Environmental Protection, Sustainability Support and Corporate Safety Analysis (en) , Office of Health and Safety (en) , Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (en) , Office of Legacy Management (en) , Office of Nuclear Safety (en) , Office of Space and Defense Power Systems (en) , Office of Inspector General, Department of Energy (en) , Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (en) , Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (en) , Bonneville Power Administration (mul) , Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (en) , ARPA-E (en) da Department of Energy Board of Contract Appeals (en)
Mulki
Shugaba	Chris Wright (mul)
Hedkwata	Washington, D.C.
Mamallaki	Federal Government of the United States (en)
Mamallaki na	National Synchrotron Light Source II (en) , BREN Tower (en) , National Synchrotron Light Source (en) da D&D KM-IT (en)
Financial data
Budget (en)	31,703,000,000 $ (2020)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	4 ga Augusta, 1977 1 Oktoba 1977
Wanda ya samar	Jimmy Carter United States Congress (en)
Wanda yake bi	Federal Energy Administration (en) , Energy Research and Development Administration (en) da Federal Power Commission (en)
energy.gov

Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) sashen zartarwa ne na Gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka wanda ke kula da manufofin makamashi na kasa na Amurka da samar da makamashi, bincike da ci gaban makamashin nukiliya, Shirin makaman nukiliya na soja, samar da makaman nukliya ga Rundunar Sojan Amurka, bincike mai alaƙa da makamasha, da kiyaye makamashi.

An kirkiro DOE a cikin 1977 bayan rikicin man fetur na 1973. Yana tallafawa ƙarin binciken kimiyyar jiki fiye da kowane hukuma ta tarayya ta Amurka, mafi yawansu ana gudanar da su ta hanyar tsarin Laboratories na Kasa. DOE kuma tana jagorantar bincike a cikin genomics, tare da Human Genome Project wanda ya samo asali ne daga shirin DOE.

sakataren makamashi ne ke jagorantar sashen, wanda ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga shugaban Amurka kuma memba ne na majalisar ministoci. Sakataren makamashi na yanzu shine Chris Wright, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin tun watan Fabrairun 2025. Hedikwatar sashen tana kudu maso yammacin Washington, DC, a cikin Ginin James V. Forrestal, tare da ƙarin ofisoshi a Germantown, Maryland.

Tarihi

Kafawa da karfafawa

A cikin 1942, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Amurka ta fara aikin Manhattan don bunkasa bam din nukiliya a karkashin rundunar Sojojin Amurka. Bayan yakin, a 1946, an kirkiro Hukumar Makamashi ta Atom (AEC) don sarrafa makomar aikin. Dokar Makamashi ta Atomic ta 1946 ta kuma kirkiro tsarin ga Laboratories na farko na kasa. Daga cikin sauran ayyukan nukiliya, AEC ta samar da ƙwayoyin man fetur na uranium a wurare kamar Fernald Feed Materials Production Center a Cincinnati, Ohio. Dokar sake tsara makamashi ta 1974 ta raba nauyin AEC zuwa sabon Hukumar Kula da Nukiliya, wanda aka caje shi da tsara masana'antar makamashin nukiliya, da kuma Gudanar da Binciken Makamashi da Ci Gaban, wanda aka sanya shi don gudanar da makaman nukiliya.

Rikicin man fetur na 1973 ya jawo hankali ga bukatar karfafa manufofin makamashi. A shekara ta 1977, Shugaba Jimmy Carter ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Ma'aikatar Makamashi, wanda ya kafa Ma'abiyar Makamashi. Sabuwar hukumar, wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1977, ta karfafa Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya, Hukumar Bincike da Ci Gaban Makamashi, Hukumar Kula da Wutar Tarayya, da shirye-shiryen wasu hukumomi daban-daban. Tsohon Sakataren Tsaro James Schlesinger, wanda ya yi aiki a karkashin Shugabannin Nixon da Ford a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, an nada shi a matsayin sakatare na farko.

Shugaba Carter ya ba da shawarar Ma'aikatar Makamashi tare da burin inganta kiyaye makamashi da 'yancin makamashi, da haɓaka wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi don rage amfani da man fetur. Tare da makamashi na kasa da kasa ba tare da tabbas ba ga Amurka, Carter ya yi sauri don sashen ya fara aiki a shekarar farko ta shugabancinsa. Wannan wani muhimmin batu ne na lokacin yayin da rikicin mai ke haifar da karancin kayayyaki da hauhawar farashi. Tare da Hadarin tsibirin Three Mile, Carter ya sami damar shiga tsakani tare da taimakon sashen. Ta hanyar DOE, Carter ya sami damar yin canje-canje a cikin Hukumar Kula da Nukiliya, gami da inganta gudanarwa da hanyoyin, tunda makamashin nukiliya da makamai alhakin sashen ne.

An sace shirye-shiryen makamai

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, FBI tana binciken yadda kasar Sin ta samu shirye-shirye don takamaiman na'urar nukiliya. An zargi Wen Ho Lee da satar asirin nukiliya daga Laboratory na kasa na Los Alamos na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. Jami'an Tarayya, ciki har da Sakataren Makamashi na lokacin Bill Richardson, sun ambaci Lee a fili a matsayin wanda ake zargi kafin a tuhume shi da laifi. Majalisa ta Amurka ta gudanar da sauraro don bincika yadda Ma'aikatar Makamashi ke kula da shari'arsa. Sanatocin Jamhuriyar Republican sun yi tunanin cewa wata hukuma mai zaman kanta ya kamata ta kula da makaman nukiliya da batutuwan tsaro, maimakon DOE. Dukkanin sai dai daya daga cikin tuhume-tuhume 59 da aka yi wa Lee an sauke su saboda binciken ya tabbatar da tsare-tsaren da Sinawa suka samu ba za su iya fitowa daga Lee ba. Lee ya shigar da kara kuma ya lashe dala miliyan 1.6 a kan gwamnatin tarayya da hukumomin labarai.