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Madonna Thunder Hawk

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Madonna Thunder Hawk
Rayuwa
HaihuwaYankton Indian Reservation (en) Fassara, 1940 (85/86 shekaru)
ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
ƘabilaTwo Kettles (en) Fassara
Karatu
HarsunaTuranci
Sana'a
Sana'agwagwarmaya da seamster (en) Fassara
MambaƘungiyar Indiyawan Amurka
Mata na Dukkanin Red Nations
IMDbnm1118339
Madonna Phillips
Madonna Thunder Hawk
An haife shi
Madonna Phillips
(shekaru 84-85) [1]
 
Ƙasar Indiyawan Amurka
Ayyuka Mai fafutukar kare hakkin ruwa
Shekaru masu aiki  1969-ya zuwa yanzu
Ƙungiya (s) American Indian MovementPie Patrol Mata na All Red Nations Black Hills Alliance [2] Kwamitin Tsaro na Shari'a (WKLDOC) [3]



An san shi da  Kasuwanci na Alcatraz Raunin Knee Za Mu tuna da Shirin Dokar Jama'a


Dangi Russell Means (ɗan'uwansa na farko) Marcella Gilbert (ɗan'uwa) [4][5]
Shafin yanar gizo Shirin Dokar Jama'ar Lakota

Madonna Thunder Hawk (an haife ta Madonna Gilbert) ýar asalin Amurka ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama wacce aka fi sani da memba da jagora a cikin Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka (AIM), wanda ya kafa Mata na Dukkanin Red Nations (WARN) da Black Hills Alliance, [6] kuma a matsayin mai shirya kan Dakota Access Pipeline . Ta kafa kungiyar Wasagiya Najin Grandmothers' Group a kan Kogin Cheyenne don taimakawa wajen gina hanyoyin sadarwar dangi yayin da take bunkasa ƙauyen yara masu ban dariya.[6] Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Grassroots Organizing for the Red Road Institute . Thunder Hawk ya yi magana a duniya a matsayin wakili ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma a halin yanzu shine shugaban aikin dokar jama'ar Lakota da kuma hulɗa da kabilanci. Ta kasance wakilin Majalisar Yarjejeniyar Indiya ta Duniya a Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva . Har ila yau, wakili ne ga Taron Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Birnin Mexico kuma a cikin 2001 zuwa Taron Duniya game da wariyar launin fata a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu.[7]

Rayuwa ta farko

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An haife ta a shekara ta 1940 a matsayin Madonna Phillips, an haifi Thunder Hawk a Yankton Sioux Reservation . Ta fito ne daga Feather Necklace Tiospaye (dangi mai tsawo) [8] kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar Oohenumpa na Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe . Thunder Hawk ta girma ne a cikin wani yanayi mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarta, wacce, kanta, ta kuma girma a cikin yanayin da ke da ƙuntata al'adu a cikin makarantun kwana na shekarun 1920 da 1930. Thunder Hawk, kamar mahaifiyarta, ta halarci makarantun kwana da yawa a duk lokacin ƙuruciyarta. Daga baya ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a cikin ayyukan ɗan adam.[9]

Yunkurin fafutuka

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Thunder Hawk tsohuwa ce, a zahiri da kuma na alama, ga babban ƙarni na 'yan gwagwarmayar' yan asalin Amurka. Manufofinta koyaushe suna samun adalci ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, yayin da suke tabbatar da makomar mafi kyau ga' ya'yan asalin ƙasar.

Thunder Hawk ya kasance mai goyon bayan farko na Red Power Movement . Ta shiga cikin 1969-1971 Occupation of Alcatraz, [10] tare da burin shawo kan gwamnatin tarayya ta kawo karshen manufofinta na dakatar da kuma karɓar manufofin hukuma na 'yancin kai na Indiya. [11]

A cikin 1970 da 1971, Thunder Hawk ya shiga cikin ayyukan biyu na Dutsen Rushmore, wani ɓangare na Black Hills da gwamnatin Amurka ta kwace a 1877. [12] Wannan mamayewar ta nuna rashin amincewa da ci gaba da keta Yarjejeniyar Fort Laramie ta 1868.[13]

Ya kafa "Za mu tuna da Makarantar Tsaro" don Matasan Indiya. An kafa wannan makarantar ne ga matasa waɗanda iyayensu ke fuskantar tuhumar tarayya ko waɗanda aka sauke su daga tsarin ilimi.[7]

Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka

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Thunder Hawk ya shiga Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka a farkon shekarunta kuma ya kasance a wurin AIM na Wounded Knee . Ta kasance memba na Pie Patrol, ƙungiyar mata masu aiki a cikin AIM, wanda ya haɗa da Thelma Rios, Theda Nelson Clarke, [14] Lorelei DeCora Means, [15] da Mary Crow Dog (née Moore), matar Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Leonard Crow Dog .

Hadarin da ya ji rauni a gwiwa

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Thunder Hawk ya shiga cikin aikin Indiyawan Amurka na Wounded Knee . Ta kasance memba na Pie Patrol, ƙungiyar mata masu aiki a cikin AIM, wanda ya ƙunshi Thelma Rios, Theda Nelson Clarke, [14] da Lorelei DeCora Means. [15] Mary Crow Dog (née Moore), matar Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Leonard Crow Dog, wacce ita ma ta kasance a lokacin da aka kewaye ta Wounded Knee, ta kira Pie Patrol a matsayin "mata masu magana da baki, kafofin watsa labarai da ke sane da kuma rungumar haske," wadanda ke son kyamara kuma sun dauki yabo ga abin da matan AIM ke yi a bayan fage. Wannan rukuni na mata sun nuna ƙiyayya ga wani mutum mai suna Anna Mae Pictou Aquash . [16] Anna Mae, wata mace ta Mi'kmaq daga Nova Scotia, tana da alaƙa da Dennis Banks, wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka yayin da yake cikin auren doka da Darlene "Kamook" Nichols. Al'amarin bai zauna da kyau tare da mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin motsi ba, kuma waɗannan mata (kazalika da Pie Patrol) suna kallon dangantakar a matsayin barazana ga kwanciyar hankali na AIM.[16]

Tushen daban-daban sun sanya Thunder Hawk a cikin asibitin kiwon lafiya guda daya da AIM ke sarrafawa a lokacin Siege na Wounded Knee na karni na 20 lokacin da aka kawo Ray Robinson cikin asibitar.[17] Wani labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda aka harbe Robinson a gwiwa, aka ja shi waje, aka doke shi kuma aka kai shi asibitin likitancin Wounded Knee wanda Thunder Hawk da Lorelei DeCora Means ke gudanarwa, da kuma wasu ma'aikatan jinya da likitoci da yawa. An ruwaito cewa an tura Ray cikin wani kabari, inda ya mutu daga zubar da jini.[18]

Bayan da aka yi wa rauni a gwiwa

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Thunder Hawk ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Kwamitin Tsaro na Shari'a (WKLDOC) a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1975.

Tare da Lorelei De Cora, ta kafa kuma ta kafa 'Za mu tuna da Makarantar Tsaro', wanda aka nufa don samar da wuri mai aminci ga matasan Indiyawan Amurka waɗanda iyayensu ke fuskantar tuhumar tarayya ko waɗanda suka fice daga tsarin ilimin sakandare. Musamman, an kafa makarantar ne ga 'ya'yan wadanda ake tuhuma a cikin gwajin Wounded Knee wanda ya biyo bayan aikin Indiyawan Amurka na Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Wannan madadin samfurin wani bangare ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Makarantun Tsaro da aka kafa a lokacin motsi a matsayin madadin 'yan asalin ƙasar ga ilimin gwamnati.[19]

A shekara ta 1974, Thunder Hawk da DeCora, tare da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, sun kafa Mata na All Red Nations (WARN). Bayan gwagwarmayar da maza suka mamaye ƙungiyoyin AIM da Red Power, WARN ta shirya a kan batutuwan mata a cikin gwagwarmaya ta 'yan asalin Amurka. Kungiyar ta yi aiki don magance cin zarafin haihuwa, fursunonin siyasa, yara da haƙƙin iyali, da barazanar da aka yi wa 'yan asalin ƙasar.

Thunder Hawk ya kasance co-kafa kuma mai magana da yawun Black Hills Alliance . Black Hills Alliance tana da alhakin hana kamfanin Union Carbide daga hakar uranium a ƙasar Lakota mai tsarki. Thunder Hawk ya yi yaƙi don adana ƙasar a cikin Black Hills mai tsarki daga masu haɓakawa da ke son rushe yankin, kuma ya gudanar da bincike kan wadatar ruwa a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, yana tabbatar da kasancewar matakan radiation masu haɗari a cikin samar da ruwa. Sakamakon gwagwarmayarta shine aiwatar da sabon tsarin ruwa.[20]

A shekara ta 2004, Thunder Hawk ya shiga Cibiyar Romero don kafa Shirin Dokar Jama'ar Lakota (LPLP) tare da burin karfafa tilasta tsaro na tarayya da sake fasalin Dokar Kula da Yara ta Indiya (ICWA) don ba da damar karin yara Lakota su ci gaba da zama tare da iyalansu ko, aƙalla, a ƙasarsu ta kakanninsu a kan ajiyar.[21]

Thunder Hawk ya kirkiro Wasagiya Najin ko, "Grandmothers' Group" don taimakawa wajen hana fitar da yara ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe.[22]

[23] A cikin 2016, Thunder Hawk ya shiga cikin motsi game da bututun Dakota Access kuma ya ba da kasancewar mai ban sha'awa a sansanin juriya a Arewacin Dakota. [24] Thunder Hawk ita ce ta kafa aikin Warrior Women Project . [25]

Hotunan fina-finai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fim din
Shekara Fim din Matsayi Bayani
1992 Abin da ya faru a Oglala Shi da kansa Hotuna
1994 Mata Lakota: Siege a Wounded Knee Magunguna Wasan kwaikwayo
1996 Mad Horse Shugabar mai sutura Ma'aikatar tufafi da tufafi (1 Credit)
2009 William Kunstler: Rashin Harkokin Sararin samaniya Shi da kansa Hotuna
2021 Ƙarshen Layin: Mata na Standing Rock Shi da kansa Hotuna
Talabijin
Shekara Taken Matsayi Bayani
2009 Kwarewar Amurka Shi da kansa Ɗaya daga cikin Abubuwa: Za Mu Kasance: Sashe na V - Rashin Knee (PBS Documentary)
2018 Mata masu yaƙi Shi da kansa Tarihi da labarun Madonna Thunder Hawk daga shekarun 1970 zuwa yau (Documentary) [26]

Kyauta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kuma ambaci Thunder Hawk a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da Blood on the Border: A Memoir of the Contra War, wanda Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz ya rubuta, ETHNOGRAPHIES OF CONSERVATION: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege, wanda David G. Anderson da Eeva Berglund suka shirya, We Worry game da Rayuwa: Mata na Indiya, Sarauta, da Harkokin Yara a cikin shekarun 1970s, wanda Meglin O'Sullivan, James Man Man Man Manne da American suka wallafa, American History, Peter Man Man Man

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Jessepe, Lorraine (14 October 2010). "Red Power activist Madonna Thunder Hawk going strong at 70" Archived 2025-03-24 at the Wayback Machine. Vermonters Concerned on Native American Affairs. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  2. ↑ "Wounded Knee".
  3. ↑ Waterman Wittstock, Laura (31 October 2012).
  4. ↑ "Lakota People's Law Project's Madonna Thunder Hawk and Daniel Sheehan Remember Russell Means".
  5. ↑ Leachman, Shelly (1 November 2021).
  6. 1 2 "Principal, Warrior Women Project; Tribal Liaison, Lakota People's Law Project | Aspen Ideas". Aspen Ideas Festival (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  7. 1 2 "Madonna Thunder Hawk". + + + + (in Turanci). 2018-11-26. Retrieved 2024-03-19.[permanent dead link]
  8. ↑ "Madonna Thunder Hawk to Present Cash Lecture at The U". 12 October 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  9. ↑ Noriyuki, Duane (14 October 1998). "The Women of Wounded Knee". DickShovel. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  10. ↑ "An Evening with Madonna Thunderhawk A Fundraising Event for the Lakota People's Law Project". Brecht Forum. 21 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  11. ↑ "Alcatraz is Not an Island". Indian Activism. 21 April 2007. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  12. ↑ "Forty-Fourth Congress Session II Ch. 69, 72 1877" (PDF). legisworks.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2017-12-27.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  13. ↑ Rao, Sameer (August 2017). "47 Years Ago: Native Activists Occupied Mount Rushmore to Protest Treaty Violations". ColorLines.com.
  14. 1 2 O'Driscoll, Patrick (January 1997). "Annie Mae Pictou Aquash Time Line An Investigation by News From Indian Country". Dick Shovel. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  15. 1 2 "An Evening with Madonna Thunderhawk A Fundraising Event for the Lakota People's Law Project". Brecht Forum. 21 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  16. 1 2 Konigsberg, Eric (25 April 2014). "Who Killed Anna Mae?". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  17. ↑ "Madonna Gilbert Thunder Hawk". Oneida Eye. Archived from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  18. ↑ Lammers, Dirk. "American Indian Movement & Wounded Knee". First Thoughts. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  19. ↑ "Celebrate Women's History Month at the National Museum of the American Indian". Smithsonian Institution (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  20. ↑ Noriyuki, Duane (14 October 1998). "The Women of Wounded Knee". DickShovel. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  21. ↑ Morris, Dottie (21 April 2011). "Madonna Thunder Hawk and JJ Kent on Campus April 26". Keene State University. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  22. ↑ Castle, Dr. Elizabeth, A. "Warrior Women Project". Warrior Women Project. Retrieved October 12, 2019.[permanent dead link]
  23. ↑ Castle, Elizabeth (October 2012). "Elizabeth Castle and Madonna Thunder Hawk". KFAI.org. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2014-10-26.
  24. ↑ "Madonna Thunder Hawk poses for a photograph while camping at a protest of the Dakota Access pipeline on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation near Cannon Ball, North Dakota". news.trust.org. Reuters. November 2016.[permanent dead link]
  25. ↑ Castle, Dr. Elizabeth A. (2018). "Warrior Women Project". Warrior Women Project. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  26. ↑ "About". Warrior Women (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-10-26.
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