Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit
 Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
National Wildlife Refuge (en)  | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Farawa | 21 Disamba 2001 | |||
| IUCN protected areas category (en) |
IUCN category Ib: Wilderness Area (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka | |||
| Ma'aikaci | Muhallin Kifi da muhallin namun daji na Amurk | |||
| Shafin yanar gizo | fws.gov… | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka | |||
| Jihar Tarayyar Amurika | Michigan | |||
Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit ita ce kawai mafakar namun daji ta duniya a Arewacin Amurka . [1] An kafa ta a shekara ta 2001 kuma Hukumar Kifi da Namun Daji ta Amurka da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kanada ke gudanarwa tare, tana cikin babban yanki na birni. Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit tana ɗaya daga cikin Mafakar Namun Daji ta Ƙasa sama da 540 da Hukumar Kifi da Namun Daji ta Amurka ke gudanarwa a cikin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida . Tana da fadin 7.88 square miles (20.41 km2) na kadarorin da aka warwatse amma ya zana iyakoki don ƙarin faɗaɗawa. [2]
Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit ta ƙunshi yankunan dausayi na bakin teku, tsibirai da dama a Kogin Detroit, da wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku. Mafakar ta haɗa da tsibirai, dausayi, da kuma wuraren da ke bakin teku a tsawon 48 miles (77 km) na Kogin Detroit da gabar tekun Yammacin Tafkin Erie . Hakanan ya haɗa da Humbug Marsh, wani yanki mai dausayi a kudu maso gabashin gundumar Wayne, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin wuri mai dausayi mai mahimmanci na duniya .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin ƙasar da ke kewaye da Kogin Detroit an gina ta kuma, a wasu wurare, masana'antu ne sosai. Wannan ya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga zubar da sinadarai da sharar masana'antu ba tare da tsari ba na shekaru da yawa. Yawancin shara da datti daga saurin masana'antu na Detroit sun sami hanyar shiga cikin kogi. Yawancin Kogin Detroit da bakin tekun sun gurɓata sosai kuma ba su da aminci don amfani da nishaɗi. Yawancin wannan gurɓataccen ya tattara a bakin Kogin Detroit a Tafkin Erie. Abubuwan gurɓata sun kasance da yawa bayan narkewar bazara cewa dubban tsuntsaye masu ƙaura sun mutu ta hanyar man fetur da ruwa mai gurɓata a kowace shekara. Matsayin iskar oxygen a cikin kogi ya ragu har zuwa inda kifi ba su iya zama a cikin ruwansa ba. Saboda yawancin wannan gurɓataccen ya shiga cikin kuma ya shafi Tafkin Erie, an yi la'akari da wasu ɓangarorin tafkin da kansu "mutu" kuma ba su iya tallafawa rayuwar ruwa ba. Yin iyo a cikin ruwa ko cinye duk wani kifin da ya rage an dauke shi haɗarin lafiya.[3][4]
A shekarar 1961, an kafa Wyandotte National Wildlife Refuge bisa ga umarnin majalisar dokoki, godiya ga ɗan siyasan Michigan John Lesinski, Jr., wanda shi ne wakilin gundumar 16 ta Michigan daga 1951 zuwa 1965. Wannan mafakar ta share fagen tsaurara takunkumi ga masana'antu kuma ta ware kuɗaɗen gwamnati da ake buƙata don tsaftace kogin. Duk da haka, babu wani tallafi daga 'yan kasuwan Detroit don tsaftace kogin, domin zai yi mummunan tasiri ga masana'antu da tattalin arzikin Detroit. A shekarar 1970, dole ne a rufe dukkan masana'antar kamun kifi a Kogin St. Clair, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, da Lake Erie na ɗan lokaci saboda gubar mercury da aka samu a cikin ruwa. Wannan ya sa masana'antar kamun kifi da duk waɗanda ke da alaƙa suka rasa kuɗi mai yawa. Wannan, bi da bi, ya haifar da babban ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da nufin tsaftace Kogin Detroit. [5] Shekaru da suka gabata, an dakatar da ƙoƙarin kiyayewa saboda babban kuɗin da aka kashe na cire gurɓatattun abubuwa daga kogin na miliyoyin daloli. Baya ga haka, masana'antu, waɗanda ke da tasiri mai yawa a siyasance, sun ƙi ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata don rage yawan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin kogin. [6] Mafakar Namun Daji ta Ƙasa ta Wyandotte ƙarama ce kuma ta mamaye yankin da ke kewaye da Tsibirin Grassy ne kawai, kuma kasancewar wurin mafakar ba zai iya hana Tsibirin Grassy gurɓata sosai daga ƙasa mai guba da aka haƙa daga Kogin Rouge da ke kusa ba. [7]
Yankin da ake ciki yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A lokacin da aka kafa shi, Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit ta ƙunshi yankuna ne kawai waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na tsohon Mafakar Namun Daji ta Ƙasa ta Wyandotte. Wannan ya haɗa da 304 acres (123 ha) da ke kewaye da Tsibirin Grassy da Tsibirin Mamajuda a arewacin Grosse Ile a Kogin Detroit. Ba da daɗewa ba, Kamfanin Karfe na Ƙasa ya ba da gudummawar Tsibirin Mud a arewacin Tsibirin Grassy ga mafakar. Mafakar ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa ta hanyar mallakar filaye har zuwa Tsibirin Calf a 2002. A shekara ta 2003, Hukumar Kifi da Namun Daji ta Amurka ta sanya yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da DTE Energy don haɗa sassan kadarorinsu cikin mafakar, gami da Sashen Lagoona Beach da Sashen Brancheau na Tashar Samar da Makamashi ta Enrico Fermi . Wannan shine faɗaɗawa ta farko ta mafakar zuwa Gundumar Monroe a bakin Tekun Erie. Sauran yankuna a Tafkin Erie da suka kai kudu har zuwa iyakar Michigan-Ohio daga ƙarshe an haɗa su cikin Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit. Yawancin waɗannan filaye sun kasance ta hanyar mallakar haɗin gwiwa, inda za a haɗa kadarorin cikin mafakar amma ba mallakar Hukumar Kifi da Namun Daji ta Amurka kai tsaye ba.
A shekara ta 2004, sansanin ya girma ya haɗa da Humbug Marsh, wanda ke Gibraltar da Trenton kuma ya haɗa da Humbug Island . A lokaci guda, sansanin ya sami US Army Corps of Engineers Strong Unit a arewacin Estral Beach . A shekara ta 2005, sansanin ya sami haɗin gwiwa a kan kadada 243 (kadada 98) na Eagle Island Marsh a Monroe, Michigan . Wannan filin yana bakin Kogin Raisin a tsakanin Monroe Power Plant da Sterling State Park . Wannan sashe, wanda a da ya kasance mai gurɓata sosai, mallakar Automotive Components Holdings ne kuma wurin ne na wani babban masana'antar Ford . A shekara ta 2006, sansanin ya girma ya haɗa da kadada 780 (kadada 315) na Lake Erie Metropark a Brownstown Charter Township . Tare da mallakar Erie Marsh a shekara ta 2006, sansanin ya ninka girmansa har ya haɗa da yankunan kudu na Erie Township kusa da kan iyakar Ohio, ciki har da tsibirin Gard a cikin North Maumee Bay Archaeological District . Wannan babban ci gaba ne ga Mafakar Namun Daji ta Duniya ta Kogin Detroit. [8] Mafakar ta girma daga asalin 304 acres (123 ha) a shekarar 2001 zuwa 5,047 acres (2,042 ha) a shekarar 2007. [2] Na ƙarshe daga cikin waɗannan mallakar yanki ne da ake kira Howard Fix mai 65 acres (26 ha) . Yana kusa da Tashar Samar da Makamashin Nukiliya ta Enrico Fermi, amma ba a buga komai game da wannan kadarar ba. [9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Detroit River-Western Lake Erie Basin Indicator Project". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2010. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "EPA" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Hartig, John (17 Jul 2007). "The Detroit River's amazing comeback". Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ↑ Swan, James (19 Mar 2009). "Return of the Detroit River's Charismatic Megafauna". Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ↑ Hartig, John (17 Jul 2007). "The Detroit River's amazing comeback". Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ↑ Swan, James (19 Mar 2009). "Return of the Detroit River's Charismatic Megafauna". Archived from the original on September 22, 2009. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ↑ Millsap, Stephanie (23 Jul 2009). "Grassy Island Disposal Facility". Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
- ↑ "Erie Marsh Preserve". The Nature Conservancy. 2010. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
- ↑ Ingels, Mike (Apr 2007). "Do Not Enter: The Detroit River IWR". Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved March 17, 2010.