Magana ta Megas

Magana ta Megas
position (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Daular Rumawa

Manyan logothetes (Girkanci: μέγας λογοθέτης, lit. 'Grand Logothete'[ƙasa-alpha 1]) jami'i ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin waje mai tasiri a Daular Byzantine, a lokacin daga kimanin 1250 zuwa kusan 1350, bayan haka ya ci gaba a matsayin girmamawa. Ofishin ya samo asali ne daga logothetes na zamanin Komnenian ton sekreton, kuma an kafa shi a lokacin Daular Nicaea. Masu riƙe da shi galibi malamai ne masu daraja, waɗanda suka taka rawa sosai a harkokin farar hula da na soja na zamaninsu; uku daga cikin masu riƙe da shi kuma sun yi aiki tare a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin farar hula da kuma firayim minista mai tasiri (mesazon) na Daular. An kuma yi amfani da taken a Daular Trebizond. Bayan faɗuwar Constantinople, an amince da shi a cikin Masarautun Danubian a matsayin lakabin girmamawa ga talakawa a cikin Babban Patriarchate na Constantinople.

Tarihi da ayyuka

Wannan matsayi ya samo asali ne a matsayin logothetes ton sekreton, wanda Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081-1118) ya kafa a cikin ƙoƙari na inganta daidaitawar sassan kudi daban-daban (sekreta). A ƙarshen karni na 12, logothetes ton sekreton ya kuma tashi zuwa matsayi na musamman tsakanin masu gudanarwa na farar hula, kuma ana kiransa da ake kira megas logothetes don nuna wannan. Dukkanin logothetes mai iko ton sekreton Theodore Kastamonites, kawun uwa kuma mai mulki na Daular a lokacin farkon mulkin Isaac II Angelos (r. 1185-1195, 1203-1204), shi ne na farko da za a kira shi megas logothetes a hukumance a cikin chrysobull na 1192, kodayake a matsayin girmamawa maimakon ainihin sabon taken.

Duk da haka, a tsakiyar ƙarni na 13, ayyukanta sun canza zuwa daban-daban daga wanda ya gabace shi: manyan logothetes sun ɗauki nauyin harkokin ƙasashen waje kuma sun jagoranci ofishin shugaban da ke da alaƙa da wasiƙun diflomasiyya, a da, ikon logothetes tou dromou.[1][1][1] Manyan logothetes sun kasance na musamman a tsakanin manyan logothetes wajen riƙe matsayinsu mai girma da kuma aiki mai aiki a farkon zamanin Palaiologan: Littafin Ofisoshin ƙarya na Kodinos, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tushe na marigayi kotun Byzantine da gwamnati, ya rubuta logothetes tou genikou, logothetes tou dromou, logothetes tou stratiotikou, da logothetes ton agelon a matsayin sunayen girmamawa kawai ba tare da aiki ba. Pseudo-Kodinos ya rubuta jim kaɗan bayan tsakiyar ƙarni na 14, amma yanayin da ya rubuta wataƙila ya kasance tun da farko.[1]

megas logothetes Theodore Metochites (lokaci 1321-1328) yana gabatar da samfurin Cocin Chora da aka gyara ga Kristi Pantocrator

A cikin Untersuchungen zur spätbyzantinischen Verfassungs- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, masanin Jamusanci Ernst Stein ya ba da shawarar cewa a farkon karni na 14, megas logothetes sun kuma yi aiki da ayyukan tsohon Eparch na Constantinople wajen kula da gudanar da babban birnin daular, har sai Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328-1341), yana neman tabbatar da kursiyinsa bayan ya lashe yaƙin basasa na 1321-1328, ya sanya su ga protostrator. Tunanin Stein ya dogara da karanta mesastikion a cikin sashi na Pseudo-Kodinos a matsayin fili wanda ke nuna titin Mese (wanda Stein ya ɗauka a matsayin cibiyar gwamnatin babban birnin) da sauran birnin, maimakon danganta shi da ofishin mesazon; malamai kamar Hans-Georg Beck da Léon-Pierre Raybaud sun musanta fassarar Stein.

Da farko, taken ya kasance na goma sha biyu a cikin matsayi na fadar, tsakanin megas konostaulos da protosebastos, amma a watan Maris / Afrilu 1321 Sarkin sarakuna Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282-1328), yana so ya ɗaukaka wanda ya fi so Theodore Metochites, ya inganta shi daga logothetes ya taɓa genikou kuma ya ɗaga matsayi zuwa matsayi na tara, sama da megas stratopedarches da ƙasa da protostrator. Ya bayyana cewa matsayi ya riƙe wannan matsayi mai girma ga sauran wanzuwar Daular Byzantine.[1][1]

A cewar pseudo-Kodinos, alamar ofishin ta kasance mai wadataccen siliki kabbadion (kamar tunic kaftan), hat mai launin ja (skiadion) wanda aka yi wa ado da kayan ado a cikin salon klapoton, ba tare da mayafi ba, ko hat mai rufi, kuma a cikin ja da zinariya kuma an yi wa ado tare da waya mai zinariya, tare da hoton sarki tsaye a gaba, da wani daga gare shi a baya. Ba kamar yawancin jami'an kotun ba, bai haifi ma'aikatan ofis ba (diKanikion).

Bayan faɗuwar Constantinople a cikin shekarar 1453, an yi amfani da taken a cikin manyan ƙasashen Danubian na Moldova da Wallachia . A cikin tsohon, Babban Logothete (mare logofăt) shine babban ministan yarima kuma shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin, yayin da yake Wallachia, shi ne na biyu mafi girma memba na majalisar yarima, bayan haramcin. Har zuwa yau, matsayi na farko tsakanin manyan ma'aikata na Ikilisiyar Ikklisiya ta Constantinople yana ɗauke da taken "Babban Logothete".