Magungunan kwayoyin halitta masu tashi

Magungunan kwayoyin halitta masu tashi
class of chemical entities with similar applications or functions (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	volatile chemical substance (en) da organic compound (en)

Ana samun VOCs a cikin abubuwa da yawa, gami da manne, sabon ciki na mota, ƙirar gida, da kayan ado, ciyawa na teku, bishiyoyi.

Magungunan kwayoyin halitta (VOCs) sune mahadi na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da matsin tururi mai girma a zafin jiki. Sun zama ruwan dare kuma suna cikin saituna da samfuran iri-iri, ba'a iyakance su ga ƙirar gida ba, kayan ado, kayan fasaha da sana'a, tufafi masu tsabta, da kayan tsaftacewa. VOCs suna da alhakin ƙanshin ƙanshi da turare da kuma gurɓataccen abu. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a sadarwa tsakanin dabbobi da tsire-tsire, kamar abubuwan jan hankali ga masu shuka, kariya daga farauta, har ma da hulɗar shuke-shuke. Wasu VOCs suna da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam ko haifar da lahani ga muhalli, sau da yawa duk da ƙanshin da ake ɗauka da kyau, kamar "sabon ƙanshin mota".

Dokar ta tsara VOCs na Anthropogenic, musamman a cikin gida, inda maida hankali ya fi girma. Yawancin VOCs ba su da guba sosai, amma suna iya samun tasirin kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci. An yi amfani da wasu VOCs a cikin saitunan magunguna, yayin da wasu ke da niyyar sarrafawa saboda amfani da su na nishaɗi. Babban matsin tururi na VOCs yana da alaƙa da ƙananan tafasa, wanda ke da alaƙa le yawan kwayoyin samfurin a cikin iska da ke kewaye, halayyar da aka sani da volatility.

Ma'anar

Ana amfani da ma'anoni daban-daban na kalmar VOC. An gabatar da wasu misalai a ƙasa.

Kanada

Lafiya Kanada ta rarraba VOCs a matsayin mahadi na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da maki masu tafasa kusan a cikin kewayon 50 zuwa 250 ° C (122 zuwa 482 ° F). An mayar da hankali kan VOCs da aka saba haɗuwa da su wanda zai yi tasiri akan ingancin iska.

Tarayyar Turai

Tarayyar Turai ta bayyana VOC a matsayin "kowane fili na kwayoyin halitta da kuma ɓangaren creosote, yana da matsin tururi na 0.01 kPa ko fiye a 293.15 K, ko kuma yana da daidaitattun canji a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin amfani; " Umurnin VOC Solvents Emissions shine babban kayan aikin manufofi don rage hayaki na masana'antu na mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta (VOCs) a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Yana rufe ayyuka masu yawa na amfani da kayan narkewa, misali bugawa, tsaftacewa, murfin mota, tsaftace bushewa da ƙera takalma da samfuran Magunguna. Umurnin VOC Solvents Emissions yana buƙatar shigarwa inda ake amfani da irin waɗannan ayyukan don bin ko dai tare da ƙimar iyakar fitarwa da aka tsara a cikin Umurnin ko tare da bukatun abin da ake kira tsarin ragewa. Mataki na 13 na Dokokin Paints, wanda aka amince da shi a shekara ta 2004, ya yi gyare-gyare na asali na Dokokin Rashin Rashin Ruwa na VOC kuma ya iyakance amfani da kayan narkewa na kwayoyin halitta a cikin fenti da varnishes da kuma samfuran kammalawa na motoci. Umurnin Paints ya tsara iyakar ƙimar ƙayyadaddun abun ciki na VOC don fenti da varnishes a wasu aikace-aikace. An maye gurbin umarnin fitar da narkewa da umarnin fitarwa na masana'antu daga 2013.

China

Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta bayyana VOC a matsayin waɗancan mahadi waɗanda "sun samo asali ne daga motoci, samar da masana'antu da amfani da farar hula, ƙone kowane nau'in mai, ajiya da jigilar mai, kammalawa, murfin kayan ɗaki da injuna, hayakin mai na dafa abinci da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau (PM 2.5) ", da makamantattun tushe. Shirin Ayyuka na Shekaru Uku don Cin nasarar Yakin Tsaro na Blue Sky wanda Majalisar Jiha ta fitar a watan Yulin 2018 ta kirkiro wani shiri na aiki don rage fitar da VOC na 2015 10% ta hanyar 2020.

Indiya

Hukumar Kula da Pollution ta Tsakiya ta Indiya ta fitar da Dokar Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) a cikin 1981, wanda aka gyara a cikin 1987, don magance damuwa game da Duk da yake takardar ba ta bambanta tsakanin VOCs da sauran gurɓataccen iska ba, CPCB tana sa ido kan "oxides na nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau (PM10) da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar (SPM) ".

Amurka

Masu amfani da zafi suna ba da zaɓi na rage gurɓataccen iska don VOCs daga iskar iska ta masana'antu. A thermal oxidizer ne EPA-samun na'urar da aka amince da ita don magance VOCs.

Ma'anar VOCs da aka yi amfani da su don sarrafa masu gabatar da hayaki na photochemical da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) da hukumomin jihohi a Amurka suka yi amfani da shi tare da ka'idojin gurɓata iska na waje masu zaman kansu sun haɗa da keɓancewa ga VOCs waɗanda aka ƙaddara su zama marasa amsawa, ko ƙananan amsawa a cikin tsarin samar da hayaki. Shahararren shine ka'idar VOC da Gundumar Kula da Ingancin Jirgin Sama ta Kudu ta bayar a California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Sama (CARB). Koyaya, wannan takamaiman amfani da kalmar VOCs na iya zama yaudara, musamman idan aka yi amfani da ingancin iska na cikin gida saboda sunadarai da yawa waɗanda ba a tsara su kamar gurɓataccen iska na waje har yanzu suna da mahimmanci ga gurɓatawar iska ta cikin gida.

Bayan sauraron jama'a a watan Satumbar 1995, ARB ta California ta yi amfani da kalmar "gas mai haɗari" (ROG) don auna iskar gas. CARB ta sake fasalin ma'anar "Volatile Organic Compounds" da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙa'idodin samfuran masu amfani, bisa ga binciken kwamitin.

Baya ga ruwan sha, ana sarrafa VOCs a cikin gurbataccen ruwa zuwa ruwan sama (duka kai tsaye da kuma ta hanyar tsire-tsire masu tsabtace datti) a matsayin sharar gida mai haɗari, amma ba a cikin iska mai cikin gida ba. Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Aiki (OSHA) tana tsara bayyanar VOC a wurin aiki. Magungunan kwayoyin da aka rarraba su a matsayin kayan haɗari ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Pipeline da Hazardous Materials Safety Administration yayin da ake jigilar su.