Mamman Shata

Mamman Shata
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Katsina, 1923
ƙasa	Najeriya
Mutuwa	Asibitin Koyarwa na Aminu Kano, 9 ga Yuni, 1999
Karatu
Makaranta	Makarantun Musulunci da Rassansu
Harsuna	Hausa
Sana'a
Sana'a	mawaƙi, Griot da ɗan siyasa
Artistic movement	griot music (en)

Alhaji (Dr) Mamman Shata pronunciationⓘ MON (an haife shi a 1923 a Musawa, Jihar Katsina, Najeriya, ya mutu a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1999) ya kasance mawaƙan Najeriya.

Ya kasance sanannen griot / mawaƙi a tsakanin mutanen Hausa na Yammacin Afirka. Sau da yawa ana haɗa muryarsa da drum din da ke magana, wanda aka sani da kalangu . Ya fi yin wa mutanen Arewacin Najeriya, da farko a cikin Harshen Hausa, sama da rabin karni.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Mamman Shata ne a cikin iyalin Fulani. Mahaifiyarsa, Lariya, Fulata-Borno ce, mutanen Fulani waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Daular Borno bayan Jihad na Fulani na 1804 kuma suka zauna a wasu sassan Hausaland. An haife ta ne a Garin Tofa a Masarautar Kano kuma ta sadu da mahaifin Shata, Ibrahim Yaro, lokacin da ta ziyarci dangi a Musawa . Daga baya, sun yi aure. Lariya tana da ɗa, Ali, daga auren da ya gabata kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da Yaro, Mamman Shata da' yar'uwarsa Yalwa .

Ibrahim Yaro kuma ya kasance daga kabilar Fulani. Kakanninsa sun fito ne daga Sanyinna a Jihar Sokoto. Sun yi ƙaura zuwa Jihar Katsina kuma sun zauna a cikin gandun daji a kusa da yankin Musawa na yanzu. An yaba musu da kafa Musawa kanta, tare da Musa, shugaban su, sun kafa wani karamin yanki wanda daga baya aka sanya masa suna.

Garin Musawa yana ƙarƙashin Hukumar 'yan asalin Katsina (N.A.) lokacin da aka haifi Shata. Lokacin da aka kirkiro kananan hukumomi ya zo karkashin Karamar Hukumar Kankia. A yau, Musawa yanki ne na karamar hukuma a jihar Katsina.

Ibrahim Yaro bai so ɗansa ya zama mawaƙi ba saboda imani da aka yi da shi cewa kiɗa ko waƙoƙin yabo wani nau'i ne na 'roko' ko bara. Mahaifinsa, kasancewar mutumin Fulani ne, yana son saurayi Shata ya zama manomi ko ɗan kasuwa, ko dai daga cikinsu ya fi daraja. Saboda haka, an ga dagewar Shata na zama mawaƙi a matsayin tawaye ga al'ada. Shata ya tafi makarantar Islama a Musawa tun yana yaro, bisa ga al'adar Musulmi ta Hausa.

Mamman Shata ya sami lakabi na 'Shata' daga wani mutum mai suna Baba Salamu, danginsa. Shata tun yana saurayi ya shiga sayar da kwayoyi kuma bayan sayarwa zai raba ribar ga mutanen da ya sadu da su a kan hanyarsa ta gida ko a kasuwa kuma ya dawo da hannu mara kyau. A duk lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi da kuɗin da ya yi, zai amsa, "Na yi shata da su," watau ya ba da shi. A sakamakon haka, Baba Salamu ya fara kiransa 'Mai-Shata', ma'ana wanda ke lalata nasarorin da ya samu.

Shata ya fara raira waƙa tare da wasu matasa don nishaɗi a filin ƙauyen ("dandali") bayan abincin maraice. Kwarewarsa ta karu har sai da ya wuce sauran matasa. Amma yana yin hakan ba don samun riba ba; kawai aikin matasa ne.

Ayyukan kiɗa

Daga baya ya watsar da kasuwancin sayar da kayan zaki kuma ya rungumi kiɗa ko waƙoƙin yabo na cikakken lokaci. Wannan sana'a ta kai shi ƙauyuka da yawa a yankin Musawa. A ƙarshe, ya zauna a Bakori bayan mai ba da gudummawa, Abdullahi Inde, yarima na Musawa wanda ke aiki a can a matsayin jami'in Native Authority wanda ke kula da sayen auduga da groundnuts, ya nemi ya tura wani can. A Bakori, Shata ya auri matarsa ta farko, Iya, wanda ainihin sunanta shine Binta. Suna da 'yar, Amina, wacce ta mutu tun tana jariri.

Daga sansaninsa a Bakori, Shata, tare da ƙungiyarsa, sun zagaya duk Arewacin Najeriya ciki har da Katsina, Sokoto da Kano, wanda ya fara ziyarta a ƙarshen '40s. A cikin 1952 shahararsa ta fara bayyana a Kano bayan ya yi a wani bikin aure da aka sani da "Bikin 'Yan Sarki" (Wedding of the Princes) inda wasu sanannun sarakuna 12 na Kano suka yi aure. A shekara ta 1960 ya koma Funtua, wani gari mai zaman kansa ba da nisa da Bakori. Shata ya sanya Funtua gidansa na kimanin shekaru arba'in - har zuwa mutuwarsa.

Shata ba zai iya tunawa ko tunawa da yawan waƙoƙin da ya samar ba, amma an yi imanin cewa suna cikin dubban. Yawancin waƙoƙinsa, musamman waɗanda ya samar a lokacin da yake matashi, ba a rubuta su ba. Kungiyarsa yawanci ta kunshi maza 12, masu bugawa shida da mawaƙa shida. Ya sanya hannu tare da lakabin rikodin EMI a cikin shekarun 1980 ya zama babban tauraron su. Daga baya ya bar EMI kuma ya shiga Polygram Records .

Shata ya shahara da raira waƙa ga kowane batu a ƙarƙashin rana ta ƙasar Hausa: noma, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki, siyasa, soja, ɗabi'a da halaye, dabbobi, kasuwanci, da dai sauransu. Ya kuma raira waƙa game da hadin kai da kuma bukatar farfadowa a ƙarshen Yaƙin basasar Najeriya. Ya yi amfani da kiɗa don ilimantarwa da sanar da mutane game da sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin shekarun 1970s Najeriya, irin wannan kuɗin decimal da canjin zuwa tuki na hagu. A kan aikinsa na ilmantarwa ta hanyar kiɗa, ya raira waƙa game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya kamar Yakin Gulf na 1991. Wani batu na yau da kullun a cikin waƙoƙinsa shine muhimmancin hadin kai, saƙo mai mahimmanci a bayan yakin basasa na Najeriya.

Dangantakarsa da sauran mawaƙa ta kasance mai rikitarwa. Yana da rashin jituwa mai tsanani da wasu, kamar Ahmadu Doka, Mammalo Shata da Musa Danbade, amma gabaɗaya yana riƙe da kyakkyawar dangantaka da yawancin mawaƙa, waɗanda suka ɗauke shi a matsayin jagora.

Wasu daga cikin sanannun masu ba da gudummawa sun kasance Sarkin Katsina, Alhaji Usman Nagogo, Sarkin Daura, Alhajin Muhammadu Bashar, Sardaunan Dutse, Dokta Bello Maitama Yusuf, Mammada Dan Sambo, Sarkin Kano, Alhajii Ado Bayero; Sultan na Sokoto, Muhammadu Maccido; Jarma na Kano, Aljaji Muhammadu Adamu Dankabo; da Sarkin Zazzau, Alhajaji Shehu Idris.

Waƙoƙi

Harshen Hausa ba ya rarrabe tsakanin waƙa da shayari kamar yadda ake kira waka. Waƙoƙin Mamman Shata an saita su zuwa kiɗa kuma suna tare da kayan kida da abokan aikinsa ke bayarwa. kalangu (magana mai magana) wani muhimmin bangare ne na ƙungiyar Shata. Hudu ko fiye da drummers yawanci suna da hannu a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa wanda aƙalla biyu suna wasa da drum. Sau da yawa yana nufin kalangu a cikin waƙoƙinsa kuma masu bugawa suna amfani da shi don jaddada kalmominsa ta amfani da maimaita kayan aiki. A cikin waƙarsa Kyautar Chafe, bayan Shata ya raira "kuma ka ji kalanguna na fadi" ('sauraron abin da drum ke fada'), an katse ɓangaren murya kusan ɗaya don ba da murya ga kalangu kadai. Masu bugawa na iya taimaka wa Shata lokacin da yake cikin asarar kalmomi da ke nuna rubutun da aka buga a cikin harshen bugawa. Shata kuma sananne ne musamman don koyaushe yana inganta waƙoƙinsa ko waƙoƙin sa da kuma rubuta kalmomin a wannan lokacin.

Mambobin ƙungiyar Shata su ne masu koyo kuma galibi sun yi aiki tare da shi na dogon lokaci. Saboda wannan, sunadarai a cikin ƙungiyar suna da girma. Shata ya yi amfani da motsi da alama a matsayin umarni ga membobin. A wata hira da Masanin Danbatti Abdulkadir, daya daga cikin mambobin ƙungiyar ya bayyana daya daga cikin alamun a matsayin 'hanyar baki' inda Shata ya juya zuwa mawaƙa kafin fara waƙar kuma ya nuna baki sannan ya ce "bakina" ma'ana "bakina". Sa'an nan kuma mawaƙa sun san lokacin da za su shiga da abin da za su raira waƙa. Mai tambayoyin ya kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a taɓa yin waƙoƙin ko maimaita su ba kafin wasan kwaikwayon.

Yunkurin fafutuka

Mamman Shata ya kasance mai sukar murya game da gwamnatoci masu zalunci da 'yan siyasa masu cin hanci da rashawa. A shekara ta 1997, a wasan kwaikwayon don ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Abacha don Zaman Lafiya da Haɗin Kai a Abuja, ya fusata masu shirya, ba kawai ta hanyar yin aiki fiye da lokacin da aka ba shi ba, har ma don tunatar da Janar Sani Abacha da sauransu da ke cikin iko game da haɗarin sakamakon mummunan jagoranci. Lokacin da yaƙin neman zaɓe na mutane miliyan 2 na Abacha Must Stay (yaƙin neman zagaye da Danial Kanu ya shirya don nuna rashin amincewa da dawowar Dimokuradiyya a Najeriya ta hanyar cire Janar Sani Abacha a matsayin Shugaban Soja) ke ci gaba a Abuja a shekarar 1998, masu shirya taron sun gayyace shi don yin wa masu zanga-zangar. Shata ya yarda da gayyatar. A ranar tafiyar, an cire Shata da karfi daga mataki bayan 'ba da shawara' Abacha don ɗaukar duk masu zanga-zangar da ke wurin a matsayin masu zanga-zanga, waɗanda ba za su kasance a wurinsa ba lokacin da yake buƙatar su.

Mamman Shata ya sami damar sukar Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Janar Sani Abacha a bayyane saboda girmamawa mai yawa da mutanen Najeriya ke da shi ga Shata, musamman a Arewa inda Abacha ta fito. Magoya bayan Shata ba wai kawai sun haɗa da mutane masu iko kamar Emirs, 'yan siyasa da Janar na Sojoji ba har ma da Talakawa (ƙananan aji) na Najeriya waɗanda aka ƙidaya cikin miliyoyin.

Ayyukan siyasa

Shata ya shiga cikin siyasa a duk rayuwarsa. Siyasa ta kasance mafi yawa ta hagu duk da cewa masu ba da gudummawa (masu sarauta da na kasuwanci) galibi suna hannun dama. Ya danganta wannan ne ga asalinsa na tawali'u. A cikin Jamhuriyar Farko a cikin shekarun 1950 ya haɗa kansa da NEPU na hagu kamar yadda ya saba da NPC na dama na Sir Ahmadu Bello da sarakuna. Ya sake maimaita hakan a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin shekarun 1970s, ya lashe zabe, ya zama Councillor a karkashin Kankia Local Government Area na Jihar Kaduna a lokacin. A cikin Jamhuriyar Na Biyu (a cikin '80s) ya kasance na farko a cikin GNPP na tsakiya sannan ya koma jam'iyyar mai mulki mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, NPN. A cikin Juhuriyar ta Uku an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban SDP a Yankin Karamar Hukumar Funtua, matsayin da aka tsige shi saboda halin hagu da kuma ya yi hulɗa da babban dan jam'iyyar a Jihar Katsina, ya yi ritaya Major-Janar Shehu Musa Yar'Adua. Shata bai shiga cikin siyasa da ta gabatar da gwamnatin farar hula ta Cif Olusegun Obasanjo a 1999 ba saboda rashin lafiya.

Kyaututtuka

Ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da waɗanda daga Gwamnatin Tarayya (wanda ya ba shi memba na Order of the Niger), lambar yabo ta Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria (PMAN) don ƙwarewa a cikin kiɗa na gargajiya a cikin 1998, Gwamnatin Jihar Kano, Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Najeriya, Jami'ar California, digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello don nuna godiya ga gudummawarsa ga ci gaban ƙasa da haruffa, da kuma lambar yabo ta Millennium daga gwamnatin Goodluck Jonathan.

Mutuwa

Shata ta karshe concert ya kasance a Katsina Polo Ground, a lokacin rantsar da Alhaji Musa Yar'Adua, tsohon gwamnan Jihar Katsina. Ya riga ya raunana kuma jikinsa ya ragu.

Alhaji Shata ya sha wahala daga rashin lafiya wanda ya sa aka kwantar da shi a asibiti a Kano da Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bayan wani taimako bayan wani tiyata a kan urethra a Jeddah, an kwantar da shi a asibitin Aminu Kano, Kano, inda ya mutu a ranar Jumma'a, 18 ga Yuni 1999. Ya sami matattu uku (Furera, Hadiza, da Binta), yara 19, da jikoki 28. An binne shi a wannan rana a Daura, garin mai ba da gudummawa, Emir Muhammadu Bashar, wanda ya halarci jana'izar.

A rayuwarsa, Shata ya auri wasu mata da yawa kuma ya sake su, wasu suna da yara tsakanin su. Amina, ta uku daga cikin matansa lokacin da ya mutu, ba ta haihu ba duk da cewa ta zauna tare da shi fiye da shekaru 10.