Mai cin ganyayyaki

Mai cin ganyayyaki
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	chemical compound (en)

Vitamer (/ˈvaɪtəmər/) wani nau'i ne wanda ke da alaƙa da wasu bitamin. Kowane vitamer na wani bitamin shine fili wanda ke aiwatar da ayyukan wannan bitamin kuma yana hana alamun karancin bitamin.

Bincike na farko ya gano bitamin ta hanyar ikon su na warkar da cututtukan ƙarancin bitamin. Misali, an fara gano bitamin B₁ a matsayin abin da ke hanawa da kuma kula da beriberi. Binciken abinci mai gina jiki na gaba ya nuna cewa duk bitamin suna nuna aikin halittu game da takamaiman karancin bitamin su, kodayake bitamin daban-daban suna nuna iko daban-daban game da waɗannan cututtukan.

Saitin bitamin tare da ayyukan halittu masu alaƙa suna haɗuwa tare da sunan gaba ɗaya, ko mai Bayyanawa na gaba ɗaya, wanda ke nufin irin waɗannan mahadi tare da aikin bitamin iri ɗaya. Misali, bitamin A shine mai bayyanawa na gaba ɗaya don ajin bitamin A wanda ya haɗa da retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, da provitamin carotenoids kamar Beta-carotene da sauransu.

Abubuwan da ke ciki

Vitamers sau da yawa suna da kaddarorin da suka bambanta da na farko, ko kuma mafi yawan nau'ikan. Wadannan bambance-bambance sun hada da yalwa a cikin abincin da ake amfani da shi, bioavailability, guba, ayyukan jiki, da metabolism. Wasu bitamin suna da alaƙa da fa'idodi daban-daban don kiwon lafiya idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'ikan bitamin iri ɗaya.

Folic acid, a vitamer of vitamin B₉ commonly added to fortified foods and dietary supplements, is 0.7–1.0 times more bioavailable than vitamers of vitamin B₉ found in minimally processed foods. Differences in digestion and absorption account for the notable differences in bioavailability between vitamers of vitamin B₉. Forms of vitamin B₉ that occur in minimally processed foods, sometimes referred to as "food folates", require digestion by enzymatic hydrolysis prior to absorption whereas folic acid does not.  

Wasu bitamin suna da tasirin guba idan aka cinye su da yawa kuma wasu bitamin suna na da damar samun guba idan ka kwatanta da wasu nau'ikan bitamin iri ɗaya. Misali, hypervitaminosis A cuta ce mai guba wacce ta haifar da yawan amfani da bitamin retinoid na bitamin A kamar retinol, retinal, da retinoic acid. Sabanin haka, provitamin A carotenoids kamar beta-carotene ba su da alaƙa da waɗannan tasirin guba.

Nicotinic acid da nicotinamide sune bitamin guda biyu na bitamin B₃ waɗanda ke nuna bambance-bambance a cikin metabolism. Ana amfani da manyan magungunan magunguna na nicotinic acid a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita a matsayin magani. Babban allurai na nicotinic acid kuma suna da alaƙa da yiwuwar sakamako mara kyau, galibi ana nuna shi ta hanyar ja ko zubar da fata, jin zafi, ƙishirwa, da ƙishirwa. Nicotinamide vitamer na bitamin B3 ba ya nuna irin wannan tasirin warkewa don maganin hypercholesterolemia, amma kuma ba ya haifar da amsawar niacin kuma ba shi da alaƙa da irin wannan mummunan sakamako kamar nicotinic acid.

Abinci da kayan abinci

A matsayin wani ɓangare na abinci gaba ɗaya, abinci da aka sarrafa kaɗan yana ba da bitamin daban-daban na halitta. Wannan sau da yawa ya bambanta da abinci mai ƙarfi da kayan abinci waɗanda galibi suna ba da Bitamin E matsayin mai ba da abinci ɗaya. Vitamin E, Bitamin B misalai ne guda uku.